C. Lee Giles, Kurt Bollacker, and Steve Lawrence. Citeseer: An automatic citation indexing system. In The Third ACM Conference on Digital Libraries, pp. 89--98, Pittsburgh, PA (1998).  Home/Search   Document Details and Download   Summary   ACM   TOC   Related Articles   Check

....results quickly and cheaply over the Internet. Once materials reached a certain mass, the community began to build and organize services for aggregating and augmenting this virtual scientific database. Among the most notable are CiteSeer, OpenCit, SFX, and the Open Archives Initiative (OAI) [16, 18, 3, 35, 23, 2]. Many services have addressed the issue of distributed resource discovery. To a lesser extent, researchers have focused on activating the citations embedded in most scholarly 5 documents. Our proposed service will complement existing citation linking mechanisms and address a range of user needs ....

C. L. Giles, K. Bollacker, and S. Lawrence. CiteSeer: An automatic citation indexing system. In Proceedings of the 3rd ACM Conference on Digital Libraries, pages 89--98, Pittsburgh, PA, 1998.

....structural information. Hypertext in HTML and XML Linking XML linking follows the same philosophy, and aims to bring comparable benefits to the hypertext aspects of the Web. HTML s hypertext facilities have limitations. Some have been worked around via applets, proxy servers, etc. Gibson 1998a] [Giles 1998], Hall 1996] Previous hypertext standards and systems addressed most of these limitations, cf. Moline 1990] While not a complete hypermedia specification, model, or language, the XML Linking effort seeks to provide a standard way to overcome several limitations on the Web, particularly in ....

C. Lee Giles, Kurt D. Bollacker and Steve Lawrence "CiteSeer: An Automatic Citation Indexing System" in Proceedings of ACM Digital Libraries '98, Pittsburgh, PA, 89-98, June 1998.

....e print documents [14] A typical example of institution based selfarchiving is the e Prints.org software package, it supports OAI PMH and can be harvested to form federated services. Another widely adopted self archiving is through personal or institutional web site. A service such as CiteSeer [13], retrieves research articles from, and automatically builds the bibliographic and reference data from the articles. There is no interoperability and structured model underlying CiteSeer, so the completeness of the collection is not guaranteed. The precision of search engines not aware of metadata ....

C. Lee Giles, Kurt Bollacker, and Steve Lawrence. CiteSeer: An automatic citation indexing system. In Digital Libraries 98 - The Third ACM Conference on Digital Libraries, pages 89--98, June 23--26 1998.

....performance on queries that occurred on more than one day, particularly by the improvement in P for queries which initially had no relevant search results. 5. 1 Related Work The large size and the dynamic nature of the Web has prompted many different efforts to build focused search engines [20, 27, 14]. While we too attempt to build a focused search engine at each peer, our approach is adaptive to the changing interests of the user(s) Furthermore, it tightly couples the search engine and the crawler, and is general enough that it can be applied to any topic. The idea of distributing the ....

C.L. Giles, K.D. Bollacker, and S. Lawrence. Citeseer: an automatic citation indexing system. In Proceedings of the third ACM conference on Digital libraries, 1998.

....but it is likely that the ultimate solution for 92 viewing nuggets lies in having several interfaces, both on and off the desktop. CONTRIBUTIONS NuggetMine is not overly intelligent and its intelligence is not novel. Building and navigating associative networks has been done before (e.g. 13][9][4] and most of its IR and personalization techniques are rudimentary. That said, we believe that NuggetMine demonstrates a fundamental but often overlooked IUI design principle and does so in a novel application. We designed NuggetMine using the following fundamental IUI design principle: the ....

Giles, C., Bollacker, K., Lawrence, S. (1998). CiteSeer: an Automatic Citation Indexing System. In Proceedings of 3rd ACM Conference on Digital Libraries, pp. 89-98.

....they have asked as well as the information for which they may have intended to ask. 2. Keywords information retrieval, citation analysis, reference directed indexing 3. INTRODUCTION In recent years, several digital library projects have established large repositories of scientific literature [6, 8, 9, 18, 20]. These libraries provide coverage of fields such as Medicine, Engineering, and Computer Science by means of research articles published in a variety of books, journals, and conference proceedings. People access these digital libraries using some sort of keywordbased query interface often ....

....as a means of summarizing a document when presenting query results to a user of an information retrieval system. In [10] the authors describe using the text surrounding hyperlinks to Web pages as descriptions of those pages when presenting search results to users of Lycos. Similarly, Citeseer [6], a research paper indexing and retrieval system presents results to queries with a list of citations describing each document retrieved. In this respect Rosetta is similar to Citeseer; however, Citeseer indexes documents by content using an indexing system based on the vector space model and uses ....

Giles, C. L, Bollacker, K, and Lawrence, S. CiteSeer: An Automatic Citation Indexing System. Proceedings of Digital Libraries '98 (Pittsburgh PA, June 1998). ACM Press. 89-98.

....very often is only possible based on similarity. Those approaches include special algorithms [18, 12] the application of methods known from the area of data mining and even machine learning [16] Other interesting results came from specific application areas, like for instance digital libraries [8, 14]. An overview of problems related to entity identification is given in [15] In [17] Lim et al. describe an equality based approach, include an overview of other approaches and list requirements for the entity identification process. Monge and Elkan describe an efficient algorithm that ....

C. L. Giles, K. D. Bollacker, and S. Lawrence. Citeseer: An automatic citation indexing system. In DL'98: Proceedings of the 3rd ACM International Conference on Digital Libraries, pages 89--98, 1998.

....very often is only possible based on similarity. Those approaches include special algorithms [18, the application of methods known from the area of data mining and even ma chine learning [16] Other interesting results came from specific application areas, like for instance digital libraries [8, 14]. An overview of problems related to entity identification is given in [15] In [17] Lim et al. describe an equality based approach, include an overview of other approaches and list requirements for the entity identification process. Monge and Elkan describe an efficient algorithm that ....

C. L. Giles, K. D. Bollacker, and S. Lawrence. Citeseer: An automatic citation indexing system. In DL'98: Proceedings of the 3rd ACM International Conference on Digital Libraries, pages 89--98, 1998.

....very often is only possible based on similarity. Those approaches include special algorithms [17, 11] the application of methods known from the area of data mining and even machine learning [15] Other interesting results came from specific application areas, like for instance digital libraries [7, 13]. An overview of problems related to entity identification is given in [14] In [16] Lim et al. describe an equality based approach, include an overview of other approaches and list requirements for the entity identification process. Monge and Elkan describe an efficient algorithm that ....

C. L. Giles, K. D. Bollacker, and S. Lawrence. Citeseer: An automatic citation indexing system. In DL'98: Proceedings of the 3rd ACM International Conference on Digital Libraries, pages 89--98, 1998.

....papers in the reference list are in some sense similar to each other. Therefore, an analysis of the local neighbourhood (in the graph theoretic sense) of a paper will likely lead to a good similarity metric. For access to the computer science literature we use the electronic database ResearcMdex [3]. If some scientific paper is of interest to a researcher, then any documents related to this paper are likely to be similarly useful. Citation indexes and digital libraries are interested in classifying the concept of similarity and finding cftclent methods to locate similar papers, so that they ....

....aid the researcher is his search. Several metrics have been proposed to classify similarity among scientific papers. They fall into three categories: text string distance [ 1 1] distance based on word document vectors (for example vectors of Term Frequency x Inverse Document frequency(TFlDF) [3]) and distance based on citation information about the documents. Use of citation information to compute relatedness between scientific papers has been studied previously in contexts more limited than ours. Since citations of other papers are hand picked by the authors as being related to their ....

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Steve Lawrence C. Lee Giles, Kurt D. Bollacker. Citeseer: An automatic citation indexing system. In Digital Libraries 98 - Third A CM Coafcrcacc o Digital Libraries 98, pages 89-98, '1998.

....Introduction The World Wide Web has become a global source of information. People can virtually get any information required from the Web. One type of information is bibliography and citations. A number of authoritative Web sites have been established to provide such information, such as CiteSeer [7], DBLP [6] etc. While the developers of those sites have spent a large amount of e#orts in providing as accurate as possible results for user queries, the current situation seems not that satisfactory. For example, when we search for citations of a particular researcher, e.g. H. Lu, CiteSeer ....

Lee Giles, Kurt Bollacker, Steve Lawrence. CiteSeer: An Automatic Citation Indexing System. Proceedings of the 3rd ACM Conference on Digital Libraries, pp. 89-98, 1998 [short listed for best paper award].

....on shelves according to a subject classification scheme but is less common in digital libraries. Manual classification is expensive and rarely available for documents in digital libraries or Webbased document collections; automated classification is still very much a topic for ongoing research [4]. Similarly, a subject thesaurus can be an invaluable searching and browsing tool for topically exploring a collection, although again documents in digital libraries are rarely tagged with thesaurus metadata. Another approach to providing a topic oriented tool for collection browsing is to ....

Giles C. L., Bollacker K. & Lawrence S. (1998) "CiteSeer: An automatic citation indexing system." In Proc ACM Digital Libraries, pp. 89-98.

....pairs of segments found in text. It is sufficient to search for the general pattern username location. Higher accuracy can be gained by checking the suffix of an address for the existence of common domains such as .edu, com, and .gov. The processes of extracting hyponyms [9] and citations [8] are more similar to the acronym task in that they require extracting a relation from text. Hearst s hyponym extractor [9] finds pairs of noun phrases NP 1 and NP 2 such that NP 1 is a kind of NP 2 , for example, nutmeg is a hyponym of spice. Her system finds hyponyms in text by looking for some ....

....nutmeg and sage , or such spices as nutmeg and sage. As we find for acronyms, these heuristics provide reliable but not foolproof methods of finding hyponyms. Hearst ran the extraction algorithm on an encyclopedia, and found many correct hyponyms which could be added to WordNet [1] CiteSeer [8] is a system that extracts bibliographical citations and references. Like Acrophile, it uses a set of heuristics to index information extracted from web pages. CiteSeer searches for pages that might contain PostScript documents and keywords such as PostScript and publication. Once the documents ....

Giles, C. Lee, , Bollacker, Kurt D., and Lawrence, Steve. CiteSeer An Automatic Citation Indexing System, in Digital Libraries 98, New York: ACM Press, 1998, pp. 89-98.

....libraries retrieve relevant documents by a keyword based search in humangenerated databases. However, document metadata can be exploited for more ecient retrieval. For instance, a search of relevant documents can be performed by following the links through the citations of a paper. CiteSeer [5] provides a framework for literature retrieval by following citation links, evaluation of papers based on the number of citations, and identi cation of research trends. CiteSeer locates, downloads and parses Postscript les to extract citations from the papers in order to produce the citation ....

C. Giles, K. Bollacker, and S. Lawrence. Citeseer: An automatic citation indexing system. In Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Digital Libraries, 1998.

....This approach is based on language use conventions, practised by Web authors, in terms of layout patterns and simple language constructions. Similar notions to the ones we use here, particularly that writing conventions are useful for information extraction, are the core of the CiteSeer project [10]. However, the conventions CiteSeer follows are only the ones documented in writing style guides, and the documents it analyses are restricted to academic articles. Also, CiteSeer does not attempt to produce summaries of the referenced documents. Our system, on the other hand, aims to capture any ....

Giles C.L., Bollacker K., Lawrence S. (1998). CiteSeer: An Automatic Citation Indexing System, DL'98 Digital Libraries, 3rd ACM Conference on Digital Libraries, pp. 8998, 1998.

....a universal Internet based citation database, not unlike what is depicted in Figure 1. One area for further consideration is to perform citation analysis on our own LTRS collection. The CiteSeer tool provides a method for automatically extracting and indexing the citations from electronic files (Giles, et al. 1998). We intend to use CiteSeer on our own collection to discover whether our own authors are using the literature and if they are using DLs to gain access to the literature. CiteSeer will allow citation analysis without the content restrictions of the ISI index. It was surprising to find that most ....

Giles, C. L., Bollacker, K. D., & Lawrence, S. (1998) CiteSeer: An Automatic Citation Indexing System. Proceedings of the 3 rd ACM Conference on Digital Libraries, Pittsburgh, PA, June 23-26, 1998, pp. 89-98.

....(In our terms, he requires the number of canopies to equal the number of items. This is very expensive. Also, because each pool is centered on a single item, Hylton does not support the use of arbitrary clustering methods for the fine grained clustering portion of the algorithm. Giles et al. [6] also study the domain of clustering citations. They present experiments with several di#erent wordmatching techniques and one string edit based technique. They find that the best performing method is a word matching algorithm similar to the Cora technique used in Section 3, augmented to use field ....

C. L. Giles, K. D. Bollacker, and S. Lawrence. CiteSeer: An automatic citation indexing system. In Digital Libraries 98 -- Third ACM Conference on Digital Libraries, 1998.

....(In our terms, he requires the number of canopies to equal the number of items. This is very expensive. Also, because each pool is centered on a single item, Hylton does not support the use of arbitrary clustering methods for the ne grained clustering portion of the algorithm. Giles et al. [6] also study the domain of clustering citations. They present experiments with several di erent wordmatching techniques and one string edit based technique. They nd that the best performing method is a word matching algorithm similar to the Cora technique used in Section 3, augmented to use eld ....

C. L. Giles, K. D. Bollacker, and S. Lawrence. CiteSeer: An automatic citation indexing system. In Digital Libraries 98 { Third ACM Conference on Digital Libraries, 1998.

.... What research does this document build on What developments have taken place since this document s publication Following bibliographic references is the traditional way to begin this process and there are tools for making bibliographic links active in digital archives in certain disciplines (Giles, Bollacker et al. 1998). Following references will only get you part way there: a project s description is typically spread across multiple publications, and references won t help you find future work A diligent scholar, armed with a search engine and knowledge about the structure of the community, will be able to ....

Giles, L., K. Bollacker and S. Lawrence (1998). CiteSeer: An Automatic Citation Indexing System., 3rd ACM Conference on Digital Libraries, ACM Press.

....the general pattern username location. Higher accuracy can be gained by checking the suffix of an address for the existence of common domains such as .edu, com, and .gov. Two other examples address extraction problems that are more similar to the acronym task, that of hyponyms [8] and citations [7], in that they require extracting a relation from text. Hearst s hyponym extractor [8] finds pairs of noun phrases NP 1 and NP 2 such that NP 1 is a kind of NP 2 , for example, nutmeg is a hyponym of spice. Her system finds hyponyms in text by looking for some simple patterns like spices, such as ....

....nutmeg and sage , or such spices as nutmeg and sage. As we find for acronyms, these heuristics provide reliable but not foolproof methods of finding hyponyms. Hearst ran the extraction algorithm on an encyclopedia, and found many correct hyponyms which could be added to WordNet [1] CiteSeer [7] is a system that extracts bibliographical citations and references. Like Acrophile, it uses a set of heuristics to index information extracted from web pages. CiteSeer searches for pages that might contain postscript documents and keywords such as postscript and publication. Once the documents ....

Giles, C.Lee, , Bollacker, Kurt D., and Lawrence, Steve. CiteSeer: An Automatic Citation Indexing System, in Digital Libraries 98, New York: ACM Press, 1998, pp. 89-98.

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: C.L. Giles, K. Bollacker, S. Lawrence, "CiteSeer: An Automatic Citation Indexing System", In Proceedings of the 3 rd ACM Conference on Digital Libraries (DL'98), pp 89-98, 1998.

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: C.L. Giles, K. Bollacker, S. Lawrence, "CiteSeer: An Automatic Citation Indexing System", in Proceedings of the 3

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: C.L. Giles, K. Bollacker, S. Lawrence, "CiteSeer: An Automatic Citation Indexing System", In Proceedings of the 3rd ACM Conference on Digital Libraries (DL'98), pp. 89-98, 1998.

.... E business is concemed with e zation (digitization) of business processes and encompasses areas as dissimilar as auctions, marketing and customer relationship management (CRM) Here we discuss eBizSearch, a digital library niche search engine for e business based upon the technology of CiteSeer [5,17,22]. eBizSearch is an ongoing research project at the Pennsylvania State University and is supported by the Smeal School of Business through its eBusiness Research Center. eBizSearch is an experimental niche search engine that searches the web and catalogs academic articles as well as commercially ....

....and published statistics and facts. It performs a citation analysis of all the articles collected, maintains an internal graph based on the citations these articles make and finally provides a web interface allowing users to explore this graph through various ranking schemes, just as in CiteSeer [5,8,17,22,23]. Articles available through eBizSearch can be downloaded (for fair use) without any charge and in various electronic formats. To date more than 20000 documents are available from eBizSearch. In section 2 we present the motivations that led to the creation of eBizSearch and what the intended ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

: C.L. Giles, K. Bollacker, S. Lawrence, "CiteSeer: An Automatic Citation Indexing System", In Proceedings of the 3rd ACM Conference on Digital Libraries (DL'98), pp 89-98, 1998.

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C.L. Giles, K. Bollacker, and S. Lawrence, "CiteSeer: An Automatic Citation Indexing System," Digital Libraries 98: Third ACM Conf. Digital Libraries, ACM Press, New York, 1998, pp. 89-98.

....[23] for a more extensive discussion of this problem. A second problem is that if the neighborhood graph contains more pages on a topic different from the query, then it can happen that the top authority and hub pages are on this different topic. This problem was called topic drift. Various papers [7, 8, 4] suggest the use of edge weights and content analysis of either the documents or the anchor text to deal with these problems. In a user study [4] it was shown that this can considerably improve the quality of the results. A recent paper by Lempel and Moran [23] gives anecdotal evidence that a ....

....of the Seventh International World Wide Web Conference 1998, pages 107 117. 7 [6] O. Buyukkokten, J. Cho, H. Garca Molina, L. Gravano, and N. Shivakumar. Exploiting geographical location information of Web pages. Proc. of the ACM SIGMOD Workshop on the Web and Databases (WebDB 99) 1999. [7] S. Chakrabarti, B. Dom, D. Gibson, S. R. Kumar, P. Raghavan, S. Rajagopalan, and A. Tomkins. Experiments in topic distillation. In ACM SIGIR 98 Post Conference Workshop on Hypertext Information Retrieval for the Web. 8] S. Chakrabarti, B. Dom, P. Raghavan, S. Rajagopalan, D. Gibson and J. ....

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C. Lee Giles, Kurt Bollacker, and Steve Lawrence. CiteSeer: An automatic citation indexing system. In Digital Libraries 98 - The Third ACM Conference on Digital Libraries, pages 89--98, Pittsburgh, PA, June 1998.

....the web, called CiteSeer, along with several features that improve access to scientific literature. The purpose of this paper is to outline the CiteSeer project, to provide details of several aspects of the project not contained in the previous papers that focus on the citation indexing component [3, 13], and to encourage work on the CiteSeer project or related projects (the software and data from CiteSeer is available at no cost for non commercial use) 2 Related Work There are many freely available indices of scientific literature on the web, examples include the LANL e Print archive, NCSTRL, ....

....mostly complementary, providing different levels of comprehensiveness, recency, and features. None of the indices are comprehensive, so using multiple indices increases coverage, similar to using multiple web search engines [20, 21, 24] 3 CiteSeer The CiteSeer project at NEC Research Institute [13] aims to improve the dissemination, retrieval, and accessibility of scientific literature. Specific areas of focus include the effective use of the capabilities of the web, and the use of machine learning. CiteSeer locates scientific articles on the web, extracts information such as the citations, ....

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C. Lee Giles, Kurt Bollacker, and Steve Lawrence. CiteSeer: An automatic citation indexing system. In Ian Witten, Rob Akscyn, and Frank M. Shipman III, editors, Digital Libraries 98 - The Third ACM Conference on Digital Libraries, pages 89--98, Pittsburgh, PA, June 23--26 1998. ACM Press.

....59 B.C. 8] through scientific documents, researchers must still expend a great deal of time and effort looking for new publications that may interest them. Previously we have introduced CiteSeer, a system that performs Autonomous Citation Indexing (ACI) of scientific publications on the Web [9, 11]. CiteSeer helps users in ways that many traditional digital libraries do not. It provides the facilities to browse by citation links and allows finding both citing and cited papers of an interesting work. It summarizes citation contexts to make quick appraisal of papers easier, and it gives ....

GILES, C. L., BOLLACKER, K., AND LAWRENCE, S. CiteSeer: An automatic citation indexing system. In Digital Libraries 98 - The Third ACM Conference on Digital Libraries (Pittsburgh, PA, June 23--26 1998), I. Witten, R. Akscyn, and F. M. Shipman III, Eds., ACM Press, pp. 89--98.

....and has opened up new possibilities in areas such as digital libraries, general and scientific information dissemination and retrieval, education, commerce, entertainment, government, and health care. The amount of publicly available information on the Web is increasing rapidly (Lawrence and Giles, 1998b) The Web is a gigantic digital library, a searchable 15 billion word encyclopedia (Barrie and Presti, 1996) It has stimulated research and development in information retrieval and dissemination, and fostered search engines such as AltaVista. These new developments are not limited to the Web, ....

.... you can find new information just about as quickly as it s available on the Web (Seltzer et al. 1997) and HotBot is the first search robot capable of indexing and searching the entire Web (Inktomi, 1997) However, the World Wide Web is a distributed, dynamic, and rapidly growing (Lawrence and Giles, 1998b) information resource that presents difficulties to traditional information retrieval technologies. Traditional information retrieval software was designed for different environments and has typically been used for indexing a static collection of directly accessible documents. The nature of the ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

Giles, C. L., Bollacker, K. and Lawrence, S. (1998), CiteSeer: An automatic citation indexing system, in I. Witten, R. Akscyn and F. M. Shipman III, eds, `Digital Libraries 98 - The Third ACM Conference on Digital Libraries', ACM Press, Pittsburgh, PA, pp. 89--98.

....to the same article that occur in different formats, and identifies the context of citations in the body of articles. The viability of autonomous citation indexing depends on the ability to perform these functions accurately. We have built a prototype digital library with ACI called CiteSeer [6], that performs these tasks sufficiently accurately. CiteSeer works by downloading papers that are made available on the World Wide Web, converting the papers to text, parsing them to extract the citations and the context in which the citations are made in the body of the paper, and storing the ....

....such that citation identifiers, vertical spacing, or indentation can be used to delineate individual citations. Each citation is parsed using heuristics to extract fields including: the title, author, year of publication, page numbers, and the citation identifier. The citation identifiers (e.g. [6] , Giles97] Marr 1982 ) are used to find the locations in the document body where the citations are actually made, allowing CiteSeer to extract the context of the citations. Variations in the citation identifier, such as listing all authors or only the first author, or varying use of ....

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C. Lee Giles, Kurt Bollacker, and Steve Lawrence. CiteSeer: An automatic citation indexing system. In Ian Witten, Rob Akscyn, and Frank M. Shipman III, editors, Digital Libraries 98 - The Third ACM Conference on Digital Libraries, pages 89--98, Pittsburgh, PA, June 23--26 1998. ACM Press.

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C. Lee Giles, Kurt Bollacker, and Steve Lawrence. Citeseer: An automatic citation indexing system. In The Third ACM Conference on Digital Libraries, pp. 89--98, Pittsburgh, PA (1998).

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Lee, C. Giles, Kurt D. Bollacker and Steve Lawrence, 1998. CiteSeer: An Automatic Citation Indexing System. In proceeding of the third ACM conference on digital libraries.

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C. L. Giles, K. Bollacker, and S. Lawrence. CiteSeer: An automatic citation indexing system. Proc. 3rd ACM Conf. on Digital Libraries, pages 89--98, June 23--26 1998.

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C. L. Giles, K. D. Bollacker, and S. Lawrence. Citeseer: an automatic citation indexing system. In Proceedings of the third ACM conference on Digital libraries, pages 89--98. ACM Press, 1998.

No context found.

C.L. Giles, K.D. Bollacker, and S. Lawrence. Citeseer: an automatic citation indexing system. In Proceedings of the third ACM conference on Digital libraries, 1998.

No context found.

Giles, C. L., Bollacker, K. D. and Lawrence, S. (1998). CiteSeer: An Automatic Citation Indexing System, in I. Witten, R. Akscyn and F. M. Shipman III [Eds.], Third ACM Conference on Digital Libraries, ACM Press, New York, pp. 89--98, ISBN0-8979-1965-3. URL: http://www.neci.nj.nec.com/homepages/lawrence/papers/cs-dl98/cs-dl98letter. pdf [2000-12-15]

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C.L. Giles, K.D. Bollacker, and S. Lawrence. Citeseer: an automatic citation indexing system. In Proceedings of the third ACM conference on Digital libraries, 1998.

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C.L. Giles, K.D. Bollacker, and S. Lawrence. Citeseer: an automatic citation indexing system. In Proceedings of the third ACM conference on Digital libraries, 1998.

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C. L. Giles, K. D. Bollacker, and S. Lawrence. Citeseer: An automatic citation indexing system. In Proc. Intl. Conf. Digital Libraries, pages 89--98, 1998.

No context found.

C. L. Giles, K. Bollacker, and S. Lawrence. CiteSeer: An automatic citation indexing system. In Proceedings of the 3rd ACM Conference on Digital Libraries, pages 89--98, Pittsburgh, PA, 1998.

No context found.

C. Lee Giles, Kurt Bollacker, and Steve Lawrence. Citeseer: An automatic citation indexing system. In The Third ACM Conference on Digital Libraries, pp. 89--98, Pittsburgh, PA (1998).

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Giles, C.L., Bollacker, K. and Lawrence, S. (1998) CiteSeer: An automatic citation indexing system. Proc ACM Digital Libraries, Pittsburgh, PA, pp, 89---98.

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Giles, L., Bollacker, K., & Lawrence, L. CiteSeer: An Automatic Citation Indexing System, in Proc. of DL'98 (Pittsburgh PA, June 1998). ACM Press, 89-98.

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