J. Coutaz, F. Paterno, G. Faconti & L. Nigay , A Comparison of Approaches for Specifying Multimodal Interactive Systems, Technical Report ESPRIT BR 7040 Amodeus-2, SM/WP30, 1993.  Home/Search   Document Details and Download   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....is a task oriented approach that supports task decomposition and refines each basic task as sequence of user actions for accomplishing it. The result of UAN specification is represented as a quasi hierarchical structure of asynchronous tasks, the sequence in one is independent of that in another[Coutaz 93] The simple tabular format of UAN clearly specifies the interaction procedure between the user and the interface in terms of task. There are some predefined UAN symbols for common user actions. Although its versatility and powerful expression strengths, UAN has its own fatal weakness in three ....

....Processes [Hoare 85] and CCS Calculus of Communicating Systems [Milner 80] and data algebra from ACT ONE to constitute a set of formal notations. The fundamental principle of LOTOS is to specify a system by defining the temporal ordering among the externally observable behaviors of the system[Coutaz 1993]. A system consists of a set of processes, each one interacts with the around environment via the point called gates, performing some externally visible or internal actions. Interaction among processes, for example, data exchange, message passing, synchronism coordination, and so on, occurs when ....

J. Coutaz, F. Paterno, G. Faconti & L. Nigay , A Comparison of Approaches for Specifying Multimodal Interactive Systems, Technical Report ESPRIT BR 7040 Amodeus-2, SM/WP30, 1993.

....Object Z is used for specification and, ultimately, Object Z with UAN annotations for design. The UAN is not used for specification because UAN provides comparatively weak facilities for expressing the state of a system and the effect of operations on that state and does not scale well (e.g. [6]) Object Z is used to express both state changes and behaviours, rather than using a process based notation for behaviour (e.g. 19] because separating the specification into state and behavioural parts diminishes the readability of the specification. This paper explores how to provide ....

J. Coutaz, G. Faconti, F. Paterno, L. Nigay, and D. Salber. A Comparison of Approaches for Specifying Multi-Modal Interactive Systems. Technical Report SM/WP30, January 1994. ESPRIT BRA 7040 Amodeus-2.

....a collection of information types received from distinct processes into a different information type to be transferred to another process; b) composition of multiple information types at some level of abstraction into a single information type of the same level of abstraction. In (Coutaz et al., 1993), fusion has been characterized with respect to the temporal relationship between input events which have to be fused. If the modalities providing the input expressions are used in parallel, then the multi modal interaction is described as synergistic, if they are used sequentially, it is ....

....of Grenoble to experiment on multimodal interfaces. It allows an end user to obtain information about flights schedule from a database that responds to queries built by using speech, mouse and keyboard, or a combination of them. The system has already been the object of deep investigation (Coutaz et al., 1993; Duke and Harrison, 1993; Paterno and Mezzanotte, 1994) A full analysis of MATIS is beyond the scope of the present paper due to the inherent complexity of the system. Here we will address only the issue related to fusion when using both a speech recognition system and a pointing device ....

Coutaz J., Faconti G. P., Paterno' F., Nigay L. and Salber D. (1993) A Comparison of Approaches for Specifying Multi-Modal Interactive Systems, Proceedings of the ERCIM Workshop on Multimodal HCI, INRIA: Nancy, France.

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