Nam P. Suh. The Principles of Design. Oxford University Press, 1990.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....that 75 of the product cost is determined at the design phase [16] It is, therefore, evident that improvement must be made at the design phase in order to effectively lower the cost of production. Much work has been done in the area of design, ranging from the axiomatic approach proposed by Suh [24] to the application oriented research such as case study of successful designs [9] In addition, researchers have also studied the effects of design on downstream activities such as assembly and manufacturing tasks [6, 1, 19] All these studies came to a general consensus that a modular design is ....

....recycling. A feedback for assembly approach has also been proposed to integrate the design phase and the assembly phase into one functional unit [11] Recently, Antonsson [29, 21] introduced the use of fuzzy logic to model uncertainty and imprecision in design. Among all the related work, Suh s [24] axiomatic approach to design is the most relevant to our work. He advocated two design axioms to guide decision making in design. His corollary on physical integration of parts provides a starting point for our analysis of a modular design. 7 Conclusion In this paper, we have shown the ....

N. Suh, The Principles of Design, Oxford University Press, New York, 1990,

....Computer Aided Design. So, to determine which kind of Aid computers can bring, the meaning of Design must be fixed in advance. More precisely, we shall talk about Technical Design , meaning that we include not only aesthetics, but also functional specifications. 2. DESIGN According with Suh [6], we can define Design . as the epitome of the goal of engineering [that] facilitates the creation of new products, processes, software, systems, and organizations through which engineering contributes to society by satisfying its needs and aspirations . To facilitate the creation of new ....

Suh N.P. The Principles of Design. Oxford University Press, New York, 1990.

....automated design system would start with a library of basic parts and would iteratively create new, more complex modules, from ones already in its library. The principle of modularity is well accepted as a general characteristic of design, as it typically promotes decoupling and reduces complexity [34]. In contrast to a design in which every component is unique, a design built with a library of standard modules is more robust and more adaptable, and enhances field repair. Our third generation of automatically designed robots focus on modular de10 sign, and uses L systems as the genotype ....

Nam P. Suh. The Principles of Design. Oxford University Press, 1990.

....design system would start with a library of basic parts and would iteratively create new, more complex modules, from ones already in its library. The principle of modularity is well accepted as a general characteristic of good design, as it typically promotes decoupling and reduces complexity [10]. In contrast to a design in which every component is unique, a design built with a library of standard modules requires less time to verify and test each unique component in the design because there are fewer unique components. Reduced complexity makes manufacturing easier because there are fewer ....

Nam P. Suh. The Principles of Design. Oxford University Press, 1990.

....the Purdue Enterprise Reference Architecture and the Purdue Methodology. 6.1 The Axioms of Design Professor Nam P. Suh, Director of the Laboratory for Manufacturing and Productivity, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology has written the following textbook [84]: The Principles of Design Oxford University Press New York, NY 1990 in which he established a scientific base for engineering design. This work is based on a fifteen year research by Professor Suh and his associates to establish the Axioms of Engineering Design. Axioms are formal ....

....interdependent in the designs proposed. 194 . Use of Standardization: Use of standardized or interchangeable parts if the use of these parts is consistent with FRs and constraints. Although Prof. Suh expressed his Axioms in the mathematical form, many of his application examples in his book [84] and other related articles[85 87] were discussed qualitatively with help of the mathematical symbology he defined. A small example in his book is a design of a can and bottle opener (see Figure 6.1) This bottle can opener satisfies two FRs: 1) opens cans, and (2) opens bottles. If the ....

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Suh, N. P., The Principles of Design, Oxford University Press, 1990.

....the Purdue Enterprise Reference Architecture and the Purdue Methodology. 3 20 THE AXIOMS OF DESIGN Professor Nam P. Suh, Director of the Laboratory for Manufacturing and Productivity, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology has written the following textbook [51]: The Principles of Design Oxford University Press New York, NY 1990 in which he established a scientific base for engineering design. This work is based on a fifteen year research by Professor Suh and his associates to establish the Axioms of Engineering Design. Axioms are formal statements ....

....become interdependent in the designs proposed. Use of Standardization: Use of standardized or interchangeable parts if the use of these parts is consistent with FRs and constraints. Although Prof. Suh expressed his Axioms in the mathematical form, many of his application examples in his book [51] and other related articles[52 54] were discussed qualitatively with help of the mathematical symbology he defined. A small example in his book is a design of a can and bottle opener (see Figure 3 13) This bottle can opener 3 31 FIGURE 3 13 TWO FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS OF THE OPENER ARE ....

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Suh, N. P., The Principles of Design, Oxford University Press, New York, 1990.

....design simplification . However, there is certainly a rich body of research results in design simplification, functional reasoning, analogical reasoning in general, and purpose directed analogical reasoning in particular. October 24, 1997 5:23 pm 3 A general approach to design simplification is Suh s [1990] Reduction of the Information Content of a Product . The Design For X (where X = Manufacturing, Assembly, Recycling, etc. research community define clear principles and methods for reducing the life cycle costs of a product [Boothroyd Dewhurst 1991] Reasoning about designs from different ....

N. P. Suh, The Principles of Design, Oxford University Press, 1990.

....theory. The moral of these stories is that design research should emphasize building a well rounded technology but should not ignore the development of its own theory. I make no attempt to survey systematically the literature that might be relevant to design theory. Useful surveys can be found in [2, 4, 6, 7, 11, 20, 22]. 2 What Is Theory A theory is an explanatory account of the way things are. This means that a theory is not number of things it is commonly taken to be. 2 2.1 What Theory Is Not A theory is not (necessarily) unsubstantiated. We colloquially contrast theory and fact, as though a theory is ....

....in the area of mechanical engineering. These classify mechanical operations and to some extent study how they interact. I am unaware of any that have significant theoretical content, but they may lead to theoretical development. Also, Suh has proposed an axiomatic treatment of functionality [21, 22]. His treatment seems aimed at making recommendations for design, such as that of keeping functions independent, but similar axiomatic treatments could explore the structural properties of functional representations. 6.3.3 Empirical Teleological Theories An empirical theory along teleological ....

Suh, N. P., The Principles of Design, Oxford University Press (New York, 1990).

.... relation definitions, as defined by Sowa [Sow84] Schmekel reported on the representation of product data in a computer system for the conceptual design of mechanical products, based on the use of conceptual graphs [Sch92] The work by Schmekel is based on the general principles of design by Suh [Suh90] and the systematic principles of design by Pahl and Beitz [PB84] Closely related to the work by Schmekel is the work by Andersson [And93a,b] Andersson reports on a design language based on engineering terminology called CANDLE also used by Schmekel that is based on the conceptual graphs ....

Suh, N.P., The principles of design, Oxford University Press, New York 1990.

....7. Issues of Technical Design It is as well important to consider the design process, because the efficiency and overall cost of design are key issues in a technological innovation. Two basic high level design principles can be identified: the component based design and the function form design [5, 6, 2]. The component based design is based on the assumption that there is a close correspondence between the technical functions and the components which are at disposal for design. This design method corresponds to the natural human reasoning style, which tends to consider functional entities as ....

P. Nam Suh, The Principles of Design. Oxford University Press, New York, N.Y., 1990.

....application domain; b) capture the complex data structures typical of many engineering applications; c) capture the rich interrelationships that exist between these structures; and (d) minimize or eliminate impedance mismatches. Due to the current lack for formalism in engineering design itself [6, 7], it is difficult to expect the immediate satisfaction of some of these requirements. However, we can use such formalization as currently exists and tailor our results in the future as our understanding deepens. Thus programming flexibility becomes another goal: we may then substitute our lack of ....

Nam P. Suh. The Principles of Design. Oxford University Press, New York, 1990.

....that must be met under all circumstances; wishes are requirements that should be taken into consideration whenever possible [11] The designer s demands are formally described as constraints. Functional requirements are the designer s characterization of the desired behaviors of a product [17]. Important attributes and properties of a product are identified and represented in terms of design parameters or variables. These design parameters are used to describe the functional relationships between specified functional performance and the attributes, and thus to represent a mathematical ....

Suh, N. P., The Principles of Design, Oxford University Press, New York, 1990.

.... [Sriram et al. 91] and constraint management [Serrano 91] process models of collaboration and negotiation [Sycara Lewis 91, Polat et al. 93, Khedro et al. 93] the search for formal foundations for CE [Billatos Grigely 93, Favela et al. 93] emphasizing Suh s Axiomatic Theory of Design [Suh 90] and empirical, experimental research into the nature of interaction, collaboration, and negotiation between engineers [Tang Leifer 91, Bradley Agogino 91] Recently, however, some in roads have been made by various researchers towards constructing actual models of CE. Due to the relative ....

Nam P. Suh. The Principles of Design. Oxford University Press, New York, 1990.

....understanding we do have tends to be empirical and intuitive [8, 9] and its organization is neither particularly structured nor logical. In response to this, researchers have begun to backtrack, seeking a return to sound, logical first principles in design. Two notable examples of this trend are [10, 11]. The notion of the existence of formal first principles for design has guided the authors work presented herein as well. Corresponding author: University of Toronto, Department of Mechanical Engineering. 5 King s College Road, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A4 2 The importance of the ....

....significant degree; ffl the organization of information is relevant both for the problem definition and the solution and any theory of this information must be unified over both problem and solution domains. Other researchers have used a functional perspective to model the design process. Suh [10] differentiates from the outset between the functional requirements that define the design problem and the design parameters (which are not functional, but physical in nature) that define the solution. In [14] Yoshikawa defines two separate spaces a function space and an attribute space ....

Nam P. Suh. The Principles of Design. Oxford University Press, New York, 1990.

....and (e) eliminate or at least minimize impedance mismatches. The authors consider one other requirement: the paradigm should provide an environment for continued research in engineering computing and design theory. It is noted that due to the current lack for formalism in engineering design itself [13, 14], it is difficult to expect the immediate satisfaction of some of these requirements. We can, however, use such formalization as currently exists, and tailor our results in the future as our understanding deepens. Thus flexibility becomes another goal of the paradigm. In this context, ....

Nam P. Suh. The Principles of Design. Oxford University Press, New York, 1990.

....emergent field of engineering research the goal of which is to improve our understanding of design and so lay the foundations for the organizing mechanisms of the future. The most important criterion is that the resulting formalisms be consistent and valid over their domain. Some researchers (e.g. [3, 4]) have argued for a more scientific approach to design, their premise being that there is more to be gained by this approach than by treating design as an art . The current authors agree with this notion: design should not be treated as an art simply because there are creative and intuitive ....

Nam P. Suh. The Principles of Design. Oxford University Press, New York, 1990.

....a fixed set of requirements despite changes in the system s environment or within the system itself. The relation between flexibility and robustness of a design as a function of the system s objectives and environment is graphically illustrated in Figure 6. Design parameters are defined in [38] as the key physical variables that characterize a design and satisfy a set of specified requirements. Figure 6. Flexibility and Robustness as a function of the system s objectives and environment. The following thought experiment would help clarify the distinction between flexibility and ....

N. P. Suh. Principles of Design. Oxford University Press, 1990.

....approach. Section 5 is the closure. 2. OUR TECHNOLOGY BASE The key feature of our method is to apply Taguchi s quality engineering principles [12] to the development of robust and flexible top level specifications and, to develop modifiable specifications using a modified version of Suh s axioms [13]. Note we propose to use separately the Taguchi method and Suh s design axioms to adjust design changes at different magnitude. Specifically, while Taguchi s robustness requires insensitivity to small changes, Suh s independence axiom defines conditions for acceptable levels of interactions or ....

.... FR = A] DP (4) where FR is the vector of functional requirements DP is the design parameter vector. A] is the design matrix which specifies the mapping from the functional requirements to the design parameters. Based on this design equation, Suh offers two axioms for use in design [13]: Axiom 1: The independence axiom In good design the independence of functional requirements is maintained. Axiom 2: The information axiom Among designs that satisfy Axiom 1 the best design is the one that has the minimum information content. What is relevant to this work is Suh s ....

N. P. Suh, Principles of Design, Oxford University Press, Oxford, U.K., 1990.

....absolute dimensionless importance factors for each criteria which are provably insensitive to units and scale. This method separates the weighting factor construction process from the concept evaluation process. This separation of criteria is analogous to the decoupling sought by axiomatic design (Suh, 1990) in that each criterion s effect on the decision outcome may now be considered individually. Considering the criteria and design DRAFT, Marsh et al. Hierarchical Decision Making in Machine Design July 29, 1993 3 concepts separately enables design teams in particular to systematically handle ....

....in the problem considered, and can be identified. Such a presumption is quite natural in the mechanical design domain, and machine design in particular. Methods for the identification of hierarchical design objectives are discussed in many mechanical design texts, such as (Pahl and Beitz, 1984; Suh, 1990). For example, when beginning a new problem, the design team may develop evaluation criteria from questionnaires, or structured interviews (Hayes, 1992) Non customer, engineering specific criteria (such as manufacturing concerns) may be generated through brainstorming, or past experience of team ....

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Suh, Nam P., The Principles of Design. Oxford University Press, New York, 1990.

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Nam P. Suh. The Principles of Design. Oxford University Press, 1990.

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Nam P. Suh. The Principles of Design. Oxford University Press, 1990.

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Nam Suh. The Principles of Design. Oxford University Press, New York, 1990.

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Suh, N. P., Principles of Design, Oxford University Press, Oxford, U.K., 1990.

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Suh, N. P.: The Principles of Design. Oxford University Press, 1990.

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N.H. Suh. The Principles of Design. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford, 1990.

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