Domingue J., Motta E., and Watt S. (1993). The Emerging VITAL Workbench. In Aussenac et al. (eds). Knowledge Acquisition for Knowledge-Based Systems 7th European Workshop, EKAW'93. Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, LNCS 723, Springer Verlag, pp. 320-339.  Home/Search   Document Details and Download   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....is funded within the EU INCO COPERNICUS programme and was launched in March 1995. ENCODE aims to transfer and extend the results of a major ESPRIT II project (VITAL: A methodology based workbench for knowledge based systems life cycle support) ENCODE workbench extends the VITAL methodology [1] by focusing on configuration design (CD) 2] It provides tools for knowledge modelling, visualisation, and implementation of knowledge based systems (KBS) Keywords: knowledge based system, configuration design, knowledge modelling, configuration design problem, constraint satisfaction engine, ....

Domingue J., Motta E., and Watt S. (1993). The Emerging VITAL Workbench. In Aussenac et al. (eds). Knowledge Acquisition for Knowledge-Based Systems 7th European Workshop, EKAW'93. Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, LNCS 723, Springer Verlag, pp. 320-339.

....project is carried out within the EU program COPERNICUS and was launched in March 1995. ENCODE aims to transfer and extend the results of a major ESPRIT 1I project (VITAL: A methodology based workbench for knowledge based systems life cycle support) ENCODE workbench extends the VITAL methodology [1] by focusing on configuration design (CD) 2] It will provide tools for knowledge modelling, visualisation, and implementation of knowledge based systems (KBS) The implementation level is supported by various modules (e.g. forward chaining, backward chaining, constraint satisfaction, frames, ....

....problem a known KBS benchmark has been implemented in CLIPS for testing purposes (see Section 3) 2. Proposed Structure of the ENCODE Workbench Figure 1 represents the structure which is based on three main parts. The OUSEL part represents the PC hosted implementation of the VITAL methodology [1] providing an intelligent graphical environment for the problem specification and modelling. 1 ENCODE Fc I tENCODECS I Figure 1. Scheme of the proposed structure for the ENCODE workbench. ENCODE kernel is a control part administering the use of specialised solving mechanisms which are ....

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Domingue J., Motta E., and Watt S. (1993). The Emerging VITAL Workbench. In Aussenac et al. (eds). Knowledge Acquisition for Knowledge-Based Systems 7th European Workshop, EKAW'93. Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, LNCS 723, Springer Verlag, pp. 320-339.

....project runs within the COPERNICUS program and has been launched in March 1995. The ENCODE aims to transfer and extend the results of a major ESPRIT 1I project (VITAL: A methodology based workbench for knowledge based systems life cycle support) ENCODE workbench extends the VITAL methodology [1] by focusing on configuration design (CD) 2] The goal of the ENCODE project is to build a PC hosted workbench providing tools for knowledge modelling, visualisation, and implementation of knowledge based systems (KBS) Various specialised solving modules will support the implementation of ....

....and satisfy all the given constraints of various nature. In practice the goal is usually not to find any conflict free design but the optimal one. That means: to introduce cost for each design step, and minimise the global cost function. There are two general design strategies described in [1]. Both of them stress the procedural aspect of the CD problem. Extend model and revise (EMR) assigns parameters until the first constraint violation is found, then corrects this violation and continues in this fashion until all parameters are assigned and all constraints are satisfied. ....

Domingue, J. -Motta, E. - Watt, S.: The Emerging VITAL Workbench. In: Aussenac et al. (eds). Knowledge Acquisition for Knowledge-Based Systems, 7th European Workshop EKAW'93, Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, LNCS 723, Springer Verlag, 1993, p. 320-339.

....is implemented in SWI Prolog version 1.8.10 and PCE Release 4.7.2 for X11R5. A PC version is also expected to become commercially available in late 1995. ffl The VITAL workbench has not been evaluated directly; the comments in this paper are based on publications about VITAL (particularly [Domingue et al., 1993]) on occasional public demonstrations, and on further information provided by one of the developers of the workbench. 3.1 Overview of KADS Tool KADS Tool offers a number of different facilities to support the development of CommonKADS models of a knowledge based process. It achieves this ....

Domingue, J., Motta, E. and Watt, S. (Sept 1993). The Emerging VITAL Workbench. In Knowledge Acquisition for Knowledgebased Systems: 7th European Workshop EKAW '93, pages 320-- 339, Toulouse and Caylus, France. Springer-Verlag.

.... is manifested by the fact that the notion of PSM is present in leading knowledge engineering frameworks such as Task Structures [CJS92] Role Limiting Methods [Mar88a] CommonKADS [SWdH 94] Protege [Mus93] MIKE [AFS98] Components of Expertise [Ste90] EXPECT [SG95] GDM [TvHWS93] and VITAL [DMW93] PSMs describe the reasoning process of a knowledge based system (KBS) in an implementation and domain independent manner. Work on PSMs covers different areas such as the identification of task specific PSMs (for diagnosis, planning, assessment, etc. how to store and index PSMs in libraries, ....

....methodological support exists. In the last decade, several methodologies have been developed to support knowledge modeling and the development of knowledge based systems, such as CommonKADS [SAA 99, SWdH 94] Protege [Mus93] MIKE [AFS98] Components of Expertise [Ste90] GDM [TvHWS93] and VITAL [DMW93] Other approaches propose principled or even semiautomatic approaches to PSM development. One can for example start with specifying the global required competence of the problem solving method and then step by step refine this competence description into an operational problem solver [WAS98] ....

J. Domingue, E. Motta, and S. Watt. The emerging VITAL workbench. In Aussenac et al., editor, EKAW'93 Knowledge Acquisition for KnowledgeBased Systems. Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, LNCS 723, Berlin, Germany, 1993. Springer-Verlag. A. G omez P erez, V.R. Benjamins 1-12

....particular quality criteria. The approach is based on identifying and supporting adequate transition paths and activities on models in order to achieve particular quality criteria. 1. Introduction and motivation Modern knowledge engineering (KE) methodologies such as CommonKADS [20] VITAL [10], MIKE [3] TASK [16] are successful in providing structure to the development process of knowledge based systems (KBSs) by identifying intermediate models and defining the languages and organisation of these models. These methodologies have been originally set up in response to the industrial ....

J. Domingue, E. Motta, and S. Watt. The emerging VITAL workbench. In A. et al., editor, EKAW'93 Knowledge Acquisition for Knowledge-Based Systems. Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, LNCS 723, Berlin, Germany, 1993. Springer-Verlag.

....interactively guide the user through the knowledge acquisition process. Earlier we also mentioned the KEATS (Motta et al. 1991) toolset which can be seen as a precursor to the VITAL workbench which aims to provide methodological and software support for developing large, embedded KBS applications (Domingue, Motta, Watt 1993). There are are also specialised techniques, for example: knowledge acquisition on the fly (i.e. during planning) desJardins 1996) 6 ; adapting generic design patterns for specialising planners (Yang, Fong, Kim 6 Both Nonlin (Tate 1977) and its predecessor, Interplan, also allowed a user ....

Domingue, J.; Motta, E.; and Watt, S. 1993. The emerging VITAL workbench. In Proceedings of the 7th European Knowledge Acquisition for KnowledgeBased Systems Workshop (EKAW'93).

.... frameworks such as Task Structures (Chandrasekaran et al. 1992) Role Limiting Methods (Marcus, 1988) CommonKADS (Schreiber et al. 1994) the Method to Task approach (Musen, 1993) MIKE (Angele et al. 1998) Components of Expertise (Steels, 1990) GDM (Terpstra et al. 1993) and VITAL (Domingue et al. 1993). Libraries of PSMs are described in (Benjamins, 1995; Breuker van de Velde, 1994; Chandrasekaran et al. 1992; Puppe, 1993; Motta, 1998) PSMs describe the reasoning process of a knowledge based system (KBS) in an implementationand domain independent manner. In (Clancey, 1985) an analysis is ....

Domingue, J., Motta, E., & Watt, S. (1993). The emerging VITAL workbench. In et al., A., editor, EKAW'93 Knowledge Acquisition for Knowledge-Based Systems. Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, LNCS 723, Berlin, Germany. Springer-Verlag.

....skills and experience both in kbs development and more traditional software engineering are needed. Of course one possibility is to embed all the tools required for building the knowledge base and the inference mechanism in a kbs development environment, such as the vital workbench [SMR93, DMW93] However, large parts of the application to be produced are traditional software that is relatively independent of the ai capabilities, and developing these is best assisted by traditional case tools. Consequently, to build the entire application, we need to have an interface between the kbs ....

.... and conceptual modelling, and then transfer the conceptual model into the case environment with more advanced design and implementation tools for designing and implementing the system [Ver94] In this general framework we have built an interface to transfer information from the vital workbench [DMW93] to the foundation (fnd) Design case environment of Andersen Consulting [And93b] More speci cally, the source environment is the graphical conceptual modeling tool of the vital workbench, ocml (Operationalizable Conceptual Modelling Language) and the target environment consists of several ....

John Domingue, Enrico Motta, and Stuart Watt. The emerging VITAL workbench. In Knowledge Acquisition for Knowledge-Based Systems, 7th European Knowledge Acquisition Workshop, EKAW '93, pages 320 339, September 1993.

....Workbench provides methodological and software support for the design, development and validation of knowledge based systems. Uses the Viz visualization framework and software library to produce code, design and domain based views. Domingue, et al. 1994; Domingue, et al. 1992; Domingue, 1995; Domingue, et al. 1993) http: kmi.open.ac.uk john vital vital.html http: kmi.open.ac.uk john viz viz.html 3.1.4. Algorithm Visualization BALSA Allows users to interact with the dynamically changing graphical representations of their programs execution. Intended for use mainly as an educational aid for the ....

Domingue, J. B., Motta, E., & Watt, S. (1993). The Emerging VITAL Workbench. In N. Aussenac, G. Boy, B. Gaines, M. Linster, J. G. Ganascia, & Y. Kodratoff (Ed.), Knowledge Acquisition for Knowledge-Based Systems 7th European Workshop. EKAW `93., (pp. 320-339). Toulouse and Caylus, France.: Springer-Verlag.

....a goal. Unlike TAQL, we believe that the guidance provided by EXPECT is accessible to an end user that is trying to fill out knowledge roles. Other work in KA that has studied problem solving strategies (including propose andrevise) concentrates on knowledge modeling issues [Wielinga , 1992, Domingue , 1993]. EXPECT s KA tool is an implemented system to support users in knowledge base refinement and maintenance. 7 Conclusion Acknowledgments ....

J. B. Domingue, E. Motta, and S. Watt. The emerging VITAL Workbench. In N. Aussenac, et al. (eds.), , SpringerVerlag, 1993.

.... environment The source environment is the vital workbench, a development environment for knowledge based systems, produced in the vital research project, 13] We are specifically looking at the conceptual modeling tool of vital, the ocml (Operationalizable Conceptual Modeling Language) editor [5]. The ocml editor includes capabilities for constructing diagrams for domain data, domain knowledge, and problem solving behavior. The ocml editor is the vital tool for the conceptual modeling phase and even part of the design phase of the kbs development. The ocml editor, as well as the entire ....

John Domingue, Enrico Motta, and Stuart Watt. The emerging VITAL workbench. In Knowledge Acquisition for Knowledge-Based Systems, 7th European Knowledge Acquisition Workshop, EKAW '93, pp. 320 -- 339, September 1993.

....Individual Individual, Group, Organisation Our research is concerned with building computational environments integrating both working and learning. Our previous work focused on supporting individual learning (Sumner and Stolze 1996; Sumner, Bonnardel et al. 1997) and knowledge modelling (Domingue, Motta et al. 1993; Motta and Zdrahal 1996; Motta 1998) in centralised work settings. In this project, we extend these previous efforts to the organisational level, and provide support for the integrated spectrum of learning activities (individual, group, and organisational) in distributed work settings. Before ....

Domingue, J., E. Motta and S. Watt (1993). The Emerging Vital Workbench., Knowledge Acquisition for Knowledge-Based Systems 7th European Workshop (EKAW `93), Toulouse and Caylus, France (September), Springer-Verlag.

.... (SF) and Andersen Consulting (E) Solving VT in VITAL Page 2 that the production of these process products is a linear process as this depends on the chosen life cycle configuration (Kontio and Rouge, 1991) The VITAL methodology is supported by an integrated set of tools, the VITAL workbench (Domingue et al. 1993), which provides software support for the various activities, models, and languages which are defined in the VITAL approach. In this paper we discuss a solution to the VT elevator design problem (Yost, 1994) which has been developed using the VITAL approach to structured knowledge based system ....

....programming language for building domain visualizations and acquisition interfaces. Finally, the VITAL workbench also comprises a desktop management tool the VITAL Tower which enables the user to customise the workbench in response to alternative life cycle configurations, or user preferences. (Domingue et al. 1993). 2. INITIAL PROBLEM ANALYSIS 2.1. Requirement Specification The VT domain has been chosen in the context of the Sisyphus II initiative (Schreiber Birmingham, 1994) to provide a common data set on which to compare different approaches to KBS development. In particular, the Sisyphus II call for ....

Domingue, J.B., Motta, E., and Watt, S. (1993). The emerging VITAL Workbench. In N. Aussenac et al (eds) Knowledge Acquisition for Knowledge-Based Systems: Proceedings of the 1993 European Knowledge Acquisition Workshop. Springer-Verlag.

....The VITAL KR is a software architecture providing the basic sub structure for developing hybrid, knowledge based applications, comprising a number of software and human agents which cooperate during problem solving. The VITAL KR provides implementation level support in the VITAL workbench [Dom93], a methodology based workbench covering the whole life cycle of knowledgebased system (KBS) development, from requirements specification to implementation. The VITALKR allows the construction of modular KBS, facilitates the reuse of KBS modules, provides standard protocols for integrating ....

....application. The human agent in the figure IM1 interacts with the application through a V A interface which is either a customization of one of the V A cliches provided in the VITAL workbench, or a specialpurpose one developed using the VITAL software support for defining V A interfaces [Dom93]. This includes extensive support for developing graphical editors, domain level visualizations and knowledge acquisition interfaces. In particular the Viz tool [Dom93] provides a very high level language to develop domain level visualizations, based on the concepts of events, players, mappings, ....

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Domingue, J., Motta, E. and Watt, S. The Emerging VITAL Workbench. Proceedings of the 7th European Knowledge Acquisition Workshop, Toulouse, France, September 1993.

....is called design in the KADS 1 methodology (Schreiber et al. 1987) Finally, the executable code is the result of the implementation activity. It comprises all software modules which are part of the target application. The VITAL methodology is supported by a workbench, which is described in (Domingue et al. 1993). VITAL Design Methodology 19 In the context of this report unless specified otherwise we will use the term design to refer to the activity of knowledge level modelling. Within VITAL, this activity subsumes both functional design and conceptual modelling. 3. DESIGN AND ARGUMENTATION ....

Domingue, J.B., Motta, E., and Watt, S. The emerging VITAL Workbench. In N. Aussenac et al (eds) Knowledge Acquisition for Knowledge-Based Systems: Proceedings of the 1993 European Knowledge Acquisition Workshop. Springer-Verlag. 1993.

....I address the following questions: what types of validation can SV aid . what validation techniques can most benefit from SV . what sorts of validation questions can be answered using SV I will also describe how SV was used in the ESPRIT II funded VITAL 2,3 project [Shadbolt et al. 1994] [Domingue et al. 1993] to validate the Sisyphus I [Linster, 1992] application. The rest of this paper is structured as follows. In the next section I will review some related SV work including KBS visualization systems. Section 3 contains an overview of KBS validation structured according to the three questions posed ....

Domingue, J., Motta, E., and Watt, S. (1993) The Emerging VITAL Workbench. In Aussenac, N., Boy, G., Gaines, B., Linster, M., Ganascia, J.-G., and Kodratoff, Y. (Eds.). EKAW `93 Knowledge Acquisition for Knowledge-Based Systems. Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, LNCS 723, Springer-Verlag.

....I address the following questions: what types of validation can SV aid . what validation techniques can most benefit from SV . what sorts of validation questions can be answered using SV I will also describe how SV was used in the ESPRIT II funded VITAL 2,3 project [Shadbolt et al. 1994] [Domingue et al. 1993] to validate the Sisyphus I [Linster, 1992] application. 1 Accepted for publication at the ninth Knowledge Acquisition for Knowledge Based Systems Workshop, Banff Canada, February 26 March 3, 1995. 2 VITAL is partially funded by the ESPRIT Program of the Commision of the European Communities, as ....

Domingue, J., Motta, E., and Watt, S. (1993) The Emerging VITAL Workbench. In Aussenac, N., Boy, G., Gaines, B., Linster, M., Ganascia, J.-G., and Kodratoff, Y. (Eds.). EKAW `93 Knowledge Acquisition for Knowledge-Based Systems. Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, LNCS 723, Springer-Verlag.

....philosophy, describes the main modelling constructs provided, and compares it to other modelling languages. 1. INTRODUCTION OCML 1 was originally developed in the context of the VITAL project (Shadbolt et al. 1993) to provide operational modelling capabilities for the VITAL workbench (Domingue et al. 1993). Over the years the language has undergone a number of changes and improvements and in what follows we will provide an overview of the current version of the language (v5.1) illustrate its underlying philosophy and compare it to other knowledge modelling languages. 2. LANGUAGE TENETS A number ....

....operationality and flexibility and does not presuppose (although it can support) a KADS approach. Indeed, the original raison d tre for OCML was to provide an operational alternative to a formal specification language, K BS SF (Jonker and Spee, 1992) in the context of the VITAL workbench (Domingue et al. 1993). Among the informal notations available for knowledge modelling the most notable is the CML language (Schreiber et al. 1994a) which supports ontological specifications and the construction of Common KADS models. CML supports the definition of various constructs, including concepts, attributes, ....

Domingue, J., Motta, E. and Watt, S. (1993). The Emerging VITAL Workbench. In N. Aussenac, G. Boy, M.

.... in the previous section, ontological expressions are represented in OCML (Motta, 1998) an operational knowledge modelling language originally developed in the context of the VITAL project (Shadbolt, Motta, and Rouge, 1993) to provide operational modelling capabilities for the VITAL workbench (Domingue, Motta, and Watt, 1993). One benefit of using OCML is that users can browse application models by running them and starting from a trace of the output. Sarah runs the sis1 as gen design application by choosing Run under the File menu. The ontology is run on the server and the output displayed in the window shown in ....

Domingue, J., Motta, E. and Watt, S. (1993) The Emerging Vital Workbench. In Ed. Aussenac, N., Boy, G., Gaines, B., Linster, M., Ganascia, J.-G. and Kodratoff, Y. Knowledge Acquisition for Knowledge-Based Systems 7th European Workshop, EKAW'93 Toulouse and Caylus, France, September, pp. 320-339, Springer-Verlag.

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