Douglas B. Terry and Daniel C. Swinehart. Managing stored voice in the etherphone system. ACM Transactions on Computer Systems, 6(1):3--27, February 1988.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....so, the rope manager determines temporal relationships among media strands constituting a rope at the time of recording, and then enforces these relationships during playback. In contrast, in Etherphone, ropes only represent sequences of audio samples (similar to audio strands in our architecture) [18], and hence, do not incorporate any synchronization information. Multimedia presentations such as lectures, movies, news, documentaries, and even personalized video channels can all be represented as multimedia ropes. For realizing these presentations, the service providers and PSAs interact ....

D.B. Terry and D.C. Swinehart. Managing Stored Voice in the Etherphone System. ACM Transactions on Computer Systems, 6(1):3--27, February 1988.

....to the current infrastructure. Other, less important, requirements include support for mailing lists, fax, textto speech conversion and automatic expiration of messages. 3 3 Related work There is a fair amount of early messaging work, in particular, the Etherphone work done at Xerox PARC [6, 7, 8]. Profiles have been defined for Internet messaging to support voice. In particular, VPIM [5] supports the interchange of voice messages between voice mail systems, unified messaging systems, email servers and desktop client applications. The basic architecture is to carry the voice attachments in ....

D. B. Terry and D. C. Swinehart, "Managing stored voice in the Etherphone system," ACM Transactions on Computer Systems, vol. 6, pp. 3--27, Feb. 1988.

....quality of service by explicitly checking client requirements. ffl Flow control: The ability to control transmission or display rates. ffl Capacity: The number of supportable continuous media streams. 2. 1 The Etherphone System The Etherphone System [Swinehart83] employed a voice storage server [Terry88] which used a single large file on a dedicated Cedar File System [Gifford88] An important observation was that, in terms of data throughput, voice services were beyond the capabilities of the general purpose Cedar File System and a discussion of the voice server implementation given in [Ades87] ....

D. Terry and D. Swinehart. Managing Stored Voice in the Etherphone System. ACM Transactions on Computer Systems, 6(1), February 1988. (p 7) 100

....and multiple networks. In the Etherphone system, each workstation is associated with an Etherphone that digitizes, packetizes, and encrypts the voice and transmits it over the Ethernet. The voice manager in the Etherphone system provides facilities for recording, editing, and playing stored voice [TS88] Still other systems have applied digital audio to collaboration and decision making. For instance, the MERMAID system is designed for collaborative decision making with multiple remote participants [Sak90] Data, voice, and video are transmitted using N ISDN channels with 64Kpbs per channel. ....

D.B. Terry and D.C. Swinehart. Managing stored voice in the Etherphone system. ACM Transactions on Computer Systems, February 1988.

....of our work is to develop a model in which approximate synchrony can be specified so that it can be gainfully utilized at the resource scheduling level. All methods known to us of 1 specifying synchrony in multimedia compositions deal only with specifying exact synchrony [5] 6] 10] 7] 11] [12]. 1.1 Previous Work Several mechanisms have been proposed to specify synchrony in multimedia compositions [5] 6] 10] 7] 11] 12] They can be categorized as time point based, interval based, event based, or implicit specification methods. In time point based synchronization, there is a ....

....level. All methods known to us of 1 specifying synchrony in multimedia compositions deal only with specifying exact synchrony [5] 6] 10] 7] 11] 12] 1. 1 Previous Work Several mechanisms have been proposed to specify synchrony in multimedia compositions [5] 6] 10] 7] 11] [12]. They can be categorized as time point based, interval based, event based, or implicit specification methods. In time point based synchronization, there is a time line with respect to which one can specify beginning and ending times of each component of a presentation. The absence of a ....

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Terry, D. and Swinehart, D.C. Managing Stored Voice in the Etherphone System. ACM Transctions on Computer Systems, Febraury, 1988

....in the class through sound transmitted back to the classroom. This section briefly describes several of the successful multimedia environments for collaborative work. The Etherphone system supports locally distributed computing environments with multiple workstations and multiple networks [6]. In the Etherphone system, each workstation is associated with an Etherphone that digitizes, packetizes, and encrypts the voice and transmits it over the Ethernet. The voice manager in the Etherphone system provides facilities for recording, editing, and playing stored voice. Collaborative ....

D.B. Terry and D.C. Swinehart. Managing stored voice in the Etherphone system. ACM Transactions on Computer Systems, February 1988.

....textual data: Size: The size of audio data is significantly larger than text, i.e. it has a larger storage size versus content ratio. This large size leads to a storage problem when the system has to support the recovery of commands that destructively modify the data, like cutting and pasting [4]. Continuity: Due to the continuous nature of audio, indexing or selecting is nonintuitive. The notion of a chunk is not well defined the way it is for textual data. For instance, consider the difficulty of deleting one second of sound from the middle of an audio annotation. Even in the ....

....Editing Complete Undo Weak Decrement reference count of new voice rope Substring, Editing Complete Undo Weak Decrement reference count of new voice rope Replace, Editing Complete Undo Weak Decrement reference count of new voice rope Table 2: Etherphone 3. 1 Etherphone The Etherphone [4] system provides support for the recording, playing and editing of recorded voice in client applications. The recorded voice is stored in voice files on a special voice file server. Operations on the audio data are performed on an abstraction called a voice rope. A voice rope is an immutable, ....

Douglas Terry and Daniel Swinehart. Managing stored voice in the Etherphone system. ACM Transactions on Computer Systems, February 1988.

....can be changed easily by updating the pointer information. This method of storing continuous media was first presented in the voice manager of the Etherphone system. The Etherphone system integrates a telephone functionality into an LAN environment, is based on the Cedar system. The voice manager [TeSw88] provides storage for voice, telephone conversation and other sounds recorded at reasonable fidelity. The storage in the voice manager is 1. DVI is a trademark of Intel Corporation. 4.1 Data model and storage 45 based on the raw sound samples called the VoiceFiles. The information contained in ....

Douglas B. Terry and Daniel C. Swinehart. Managing Stored Voice in the Etherphone System. ACM Transactions on Computer Systems, 6(1):3--27, 2 1988.

....musical performance using sounds stored on disk. This problem can be solved by storing an initial segment of each sound file in memory. 8. RELATED WORK Structural issues for multi media files (sharing, parallel composition, annotations, etc. have been addressed in the Xerox Etherphone system [14], the Sun Multimedia File System [13] and the Northwestern Network Sound System [12] These projects do not concentrate on performance or scheduling issues, and the systems cannot make performance guarantees. Other projects have addressed performance but without hard guarantees. Abbott gives a ....

D. B. Terry and D. C. Swinehart, "Managing Stored Voice in the Etherphone System", Trans. Computer Systems 6, 1 (Feb. 1988), 3-27.

....at endpoint workstations is the use of special purpose devices. This was the approach adopted in the Etherphone project at Xerox PARC; basic audio acquisition and playout was provided by specialpurpose telephones that digitized, packetized, and transmitted audio data directly onto an Ethernet [50]. Another example of this approach is provided by the Pandora project in which a special purpose device attached directly to the network handles audio and video processing [16,28] 1.4.3 Approaches that Accommodate Delay Jitter If it is not possible to eliminate delay jitter, or if it is too ....

Terry, D.B., Swinehart, D.C., 1988. Managing Stored Voice in the Etherphone System, ACM Trans. on Computer Systems, Vol. 6, No. 1, (February), pp. 3-27. 208

....performance and clarify the effects of specific parameters. Otherwise, only a qualitative treatment, e.g. 63, 25] can be applied as the system dynamics become more complex. Other related research efforts have concentrated on limited media forms, such as audio, e.g. the Etherphone project [70] which deals with the considerable task of processing voice samples. The Etherphone concept has been extended to video [75] in a multimedia conferencing application, however, the video component is supported as an analog signal. In this chapter, we investigate the performance of maintaining a set ....

Terry, D.B. and D.C. Swinehart. "Managing Stored Voice in the Etherphone System". ACM Transactions on Computer Systems, February 1988.

....processing, desktop publishing, etc. Many of these applications are already distributed; others, in the context of multimedia, will require a higher degree of resource sharing. Clearly, the voluminous nature of MM data imposes unique demands on the underlying file management and I O subsystems [1], 2] that may impact the architecture of future computer systems. Moreover, distributed MM may create serious networking problems, especially in systems that follow the popular client server architecture (CSA) paradigm [3] In this paper, we address the performance issues of a distributed ....

Terry, D. and Swinehart, D. Managing stored voice in the Etherphone system. ACM Transactions on Computer Systems, 6(1):3--27, Feb. 1988.

....The base services platform is based on a conceptual model in which continuous media sources and sinks are viewed as chains, which consist of sequences of pointers to links of media specific data objects. The chain metaphor is a media independent extension of voice ropes in the Etherphone system [Terry,88] Stored chains may be edited in a similar way to voice ropes, with operations such as concatenate, subchain and replace, and links may appear at various levels of abstraction. For example, links of a video chain could be scenes, frames or pixels. Both transient and persistent sources and sinks ....

Terry, D.B., and D.C. Swinehart. "Managing Stored Voice in the Etherphone System." ACM Transactions on Computer Systems Vol. 6No.# 1, February 1988.

.... and storage of video and audio by employing cable TV style distribution network and crossbar switches for routing [12, 19] On the other hand, multimedia services that are indeed digital and integrated into distributed computing systems, have focused mainly on still images and or audio [1, 24, 8, 16, 13, 5, 23]. A qualitative proposal for a digital video on demand service is presented by Sincoskie in [21] However, a comprehensive quantitative study of optimal techniques for designing high performance multi user multimedia on demand information servers has not received much attention. In the recent ....

D.B. Terry and D.C. Swinehart. Managing Stored Voice in the Etherphone System. ACM Transactions on Computer Systems, 6(1):3--27, February 1988.

....audio. The complexity of a voice system is exemplified by the strict real time requirements, large file sizes, and the devices needed for recording and playing audio files. The Etherphone System, developed at Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, was designed with features common to text file servers [Terry88]. It includes features such as voice editing, sharing, and the use of voice in client applications, and is comprised of a voice file server, voice manager, and a voice control server. It was intended that the file server should have real time requirements, though this had not yet been implemented. ....

.... They consider accessibility of other applications from within the conference [Lantz86] Ensor88] sharing database information [Stefik87] and questions of floor control [Sarin85] Ensor88] There have also been concentrated efforts toward the various forms of media, such as the audio servers [Terry88], Arons88] Binding89] Although in the past operating system performance was rarely considered as a primary issue, there is some recent work addressing this area [Anderson89 ] Casner90] Ferrari89] Leung88] It is apparent that there is a need for further research concentrating on general ....

D.B. Terry and D.C. Swinehart, "Managing Stored Voice in the Etherphone System," ACM Transactions on Computer Systems 6, 1, February 1988, pp. 3-27.

....and multiple networks. In the Etherpone system, each workstation is associated with an Etherphone that digitizes, packetizes, and encrypts the voice and transmits it over the Ethernet. The voice manager in the Etherphone system provides facilities for recording, editing, and playing stored voice [TS88] The Diamond multimedia message system supports creating, editing, transmitting, printing, and managing multimedia documents. A document may contain various media such as text, graphics, images, and speech [FT82] 1.2 Overview Our work extends previous research in four ways. First, SuiteSound ....

D.B. Terry and D.C. Swinehart. Managing stored voice in the Etherphone system. ACM Transactions on Computer Systems, February 1988.

....hardware support or a particular approach to storing and retrieving information. Each of the units of information is an object in its own right and provides the abstraction of a chain. Chains are a generalisation of the voice ropes adopted in the Etherphone project for storing audio information [Terry 88] A chain consists of a number of individual links, e.g. single picture frames, connected together into a sequence. It is perfectly valid to have a degenerate chain consisting of one link. An important service not described in the above sections is the synchronisation manager. This management ....

D.B. Terry and D.C. Swinehart. "Managing Stored Voice in the Etherphone System", ACM Transactions on Computer Systems, Vol. 6 No. 1, February 1988.

....different multimedia objects may share intervals of the same media stream. A media stream, no part of which is referred to by any multimedia object, can be deleted to reclaim its storage space. A garbage collection algorithm such as the one presented by Terry and Swinehart in the Etherphone system [12], which uses a reference count mechanism called interests, can be used for this purpose. Another problem arises when material is cut from or pasted into multimedia files. The simplest approach to such a change in the material is to simply re write the file from the edited point onwards. ....

D.B. Terry and D.C. Swinehart. Managing Stored Voice in the Etherphone System. ACM Transactions on Computer Systems, 6(1):3--27, February 1988.

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Douglas B. Terry and Daniel C. Swinehart. Managing stored voice in the etherphone system. ACM Transactions on Computer Systems, 6(1):3--27, February 1988.

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D. B. Terry and D.C. Swinehart, "Managing stored voice in the etherphone system," ACM Transactions on Computer Systems, vol. 6, pp. 3 27, 2 1988.

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Terry, D.B., and D.C. Swinehart. "Managing Stored Voice in the Etherphone System." ACM Transactions on Computer SystemsVol:# 6 No.: 1, February 1988.

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Terry, D.B., and D.C. Swinehart. "Managing Stored Voice in the Etherphone System." ACM Transactions on Computer Systems Vol. 6No.# 1, February 1988.

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Terry, D.B., Swinehart, D.C., 1988. Managing Stored Voice in the Etherphone System, ACM Trans. on Computer Systems, Vol. 6, No. 1, (February), pp. 3-27.

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Terry, D.B., Swinehart, D.C., 1988. Managing Stored Voice in the Etherphone System, ACM Trans. on Computer Systems, Vol. 6, No. 1, (February), pp. 3-27.

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