| D. Harris, H.Reubenstein, and A.S. Yeh. Recognizers for extracting architectural features from source code. In L.Wills, P.Newcomb, and E.Chikofsky, editors, Second Working Conference on Reverse Engineering, pp. 252--261, Los Alamitos, California, July 1995. IEEE Computer Society Press. |
....or at the code level. Ciao [12] and GASE [26] are two environments in which the capability of representing evolving systems, tracing architectural and code evolution, plays an important role. Recently, some works that address the problem of high level design recovery have been presented [11] [24], integrating in a framework architectural style representations and a library of recognizers to extract architectural information from source code. Other tools, focused on code analysis, allow program decomposition with slicing: the user can extract functionalities and visualize DRAFT the impact ....
D. R. Harris, H. B. Reubenstein and A. S. Yeh, "Recognizers for Extracting Architectural Features from Source Code", in Proceedings of the Second Working Conference on Reverse Engineering, pp. 252-261, Toronto, 1995.
.... re documentation of software systems, by building tools that support methods for identifying, re organizing and documenting layered subsystem hierarchies [3, 4] Recently, some works that address the problem of high level design recovery using reverse engineering technology have been presented [5, 6], integrating in a framework architectural styles representations and a library of recognizers to extract architectural information from source code. In this paper an environment for architectural analysis of software systems is described. The environment supports the discovery of information at ....
....architecture at different levels of detail. The architectural analysis environment, which is under development, is targeted to the C Unix domain. It is built on top of the Refine C 1 and exploits its capabilities to build and analyze Abstract Syntax Trees (ASTs) Architectural recognizers [6] have been developed that work on ASTs to detect source code level constructs signaling the presence of architectural components or connectors, which are used to produce graphical views. To obtain more accurate results, flow analysis techniques have also been applied in many architectural ....
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D. R. Harris, H. B. Reubenstein and A. S. Yeh, "Recognizers for Extracting Architectural Features from Source Code", in Proceedings of the Second Working Conference on Reverse Engineering, pp. 252-261, Toronto, 1995.
.... of software systems, by building tools that support methods for identifying, re organizing, and documenting layered subsystem hierarchies [7,10,23,47] Recently, some works that address the problem of high level design recovery using reverse engineering technology have been presented [20,21,49]. They integrate in a framework architectural style representations and a library of recognizers to extract architectural information from source code. Such a framework, among other things, was used to reverse engineer the flow information between tasks in a legacy application [24] In this paper ....
....on a hierarchical architectural model that specifies component and connector types [17] of a software architecture at different levels of detail. The full description of the hierarchical model is presented in Section 2. The architectural recovery process is based on architectural recognizers [20] that work on Abstract Syntax Trees (ASTs) extracted from source code. Architectural recognizers exploit clich es [40] to identify architectural constructs. To obtain more accurate results, flow analysis techniques are exploited to represent constraints among clich e components. ART is targeted ....
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D. R. Harris, H. B. Reubenstein, and A. S. Yeh. Recognizers for extracting architectural features from source code. In Proceedings of the Working Conference on Reverse Engineering, pages 252--261, Toronto, 1995.
....ways: to identify components and relationships between components that are fault prone. This can be done either through an existing, up to date software architecture document in conjunction with defect reports, or, in its absence, through reverse architecting techniques such as [9] 10] 11] 12][13][14] 15] 16] This paper tries to deal with the latter situation: an obsolete or missing software architecture document and the need for some reverse architecture effort. Reverse architecting in this context refers to the effort of identifying a systems components and component relationships ....
....example, if the objective is to reverse architect with the associated goal to re engineer (let us say into an object oriented product) architecture extraction is likely based on identifying and abstracting implicit objects, abstract data types, and their instances. This is the case with [9] 12][13][15] Alternatively, if it can be assumed that the code embodies certain architectural cliches, an associated reverse architecting approach would include their recognition. 11] describes an environment that uses recognisers that know about architectural cliches to produce different architectural ....
D.R. Harris, A.S. Yeh and H.B. Reubenstein, Recognizers for Extracting Architectural Features from Source Code, Proceedings of the Working Conference on Reverse Engineering, WCRE95, pp. 252-261, July 1995, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
....different but related systems. In one sense, LaSSIE is interested in promoting reuse at the sub architectural (e.g. module or subprogram) level, while our work is interested in promoting reuse at the architectural level. 6.2.3. Harris, Rubenstein, and Yeh At a lower level than LaSSIE or DESIRE, Harris, Rubenstein, and Yeh [1995] Yeh 1995] describe their pattern matching techniques for extracting architectural level features from source code. Patterns describe architectural entities and their interconnections; pattern matching is suitably fuzzy to allow for matches in the presence of obscure or missing features. The resulting ....
Harris, D., H. B. Reubenstein, and A. S. Yeh (1995), "Recognizers for Extracting Architectural Features from Source Code," In Second Working Conference on Reverse Engineering, L. Wills, P.
....a decomposition of the system into interacting modules. Some clustering techniques also provide modularization of a software system based on file interactions and partitioning methods [12] Specialized queries (recognizers) for extracting particular properties from the source code are presented in [6, 8]. In [3] a tool for code segmentation and clustering using dependency and data flow analysis is discussed. Holt [9] presents a system for manipulating the source code abstractions and entity relationship diagrams using Tarski algebra. In [4] a clustering approach based on data mining techniques is ....
D. R. Harris, H. B. Reubenstein, and A. S. Yeh. Recognizers for extracting architectural features from source code. In Proceedings of Second Working Conference on Reverse Engineering, pages 252--261, Toronto, Canada, July 14-16 1995.
....[2] makes use of a rich domain model and neural network learning to establish connections between the domain model and the code. Our work supports the reverse engineer in acquiring and refining the domain model as well as its connection to the code being explored. Harris, Rubenstein, and Yeh [6] extract architecturallevel features from source code using pattern matching techniques. Architectural extraction and our work are mutually supportive. An architectural description of the software provides an important midpoint between the domain description and the code, and domain knowledge can ....
David R. Harris, Howard B. Reubenstein, and Alexander S. Yeh. "Recognizers for Extracting Architectural Features from Source Code." Second Working Conference on Reverse Engineering, pp. 252-261, July 1995.
....approaches that we are aware of and were discussed as related works (section 1.5) use queries which by themselves do not impose any structural semantics to the query. Devanbu defines a scripting language to compose simple queries for traversing an abstract 12 semantic graph, Genova [28] Harris [48, 47] and Fiutem [34, 35] use a Refine based language to compose a program like hierarchical query to search the code s annotated AST. Practical systems such as PBS [33] and Rigi [5] use query programs to search a relational database of the program facts. Kontogiannis s abstract concept language uses ....
D. R. Harris, H. B. Reubenstein, and A. S. Yeh. Recognizers for extracting architectural features from source code. In Proceedings of Second Working Conference on Reverse Engineering, pages 252--261, Toronto, Canada, July 14-16 1995.
....a decomposition of the system into interacting modules. Some clustering techniques also provide modularization of a software system based on file interactions and partitioning methods [21] Specialized queries (recognizers) for extracting particular properties from the source code are presented in [12, 15]. In [6] a tool for code segmentation and clustering using dependency and data flow analysis is discussed. Holt [16] presents a system for manipulating the source code abstractions and entity relationship diagrams using Tarski algebra. The system recovers aggregations and design abstractions in ....
D. R. Harris, H. B. Reubenstein, and A. S. Yeh. Recognizers for extracting architectural features from source code. In Proceedings of Second Working Conference on Reverse Engineering, pages 252--261, Toronto, Canada, July 14-16 1995.
....their relationships as well as elide components and relationships that are not problematic. Identifying components and relationships can be done either through an existing, upto date software architecture document, or, in its absence, through reverse architecting techniques such as [2] 3] 4] 5][6][7] 8] 9] This paper tries to deal with the latter situation: an obsolete or missing software architecture document and the need for some reverse architecture effort. We propose to use the technique by Ohlsson et al. 10] to identify the most fault prone components across successive releases. ....
....For example, if the objective is to reverse architect with the associated goal to re engineer (let s say into an object oriented product) architecture extraction is likely based on identifying and abstracting implicit objects, abstract data types, and their instances. This is the case with [2] 5][6][8] Alternatively, if it can be assumed that the code embodies certain architectural cliches, an associated reverse architecting approach would include their recognition. 4] describes an environment that uses recognizers that know about architectural cliches to produce different architectural ....
D.R. Harris, A.S. Yeh and H.B. Reubenstein, "Recognizers for Extracting Architectural Features from Source Code", Proceedings of the Working Conference on Reverse Engineering, WCRE'95, pp. 252-261, July 1995, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
....implemented. They are not of great help when an engineer needs to understand a system at the architectural level, where the focus is on components and how they interact with each other. 2. 5 Architecture Recognition Framework The tools of this framework are implemented on top of the Refine system [13, 12] and it represents a recent attempt to extend the ideas of the program understanding framework to the architectural level (see figure 6) The approach consists of populating a library of recognisers specifically created for recognition of architectural elements (components and their interactions) ....
.... recognisers are not straightforward to create firstly because they manipulate an AST representation, and secondly because sometimes sophisticated mechanisms such as a program slicer[27] are needed for the identification of program constructs that might represent architectural elements in the code[12]. The difficulties in creating recognisers are to some extent mitigated with the possibility of organising them in hierarchies, where the input for one recogniser is the result of other previously executed recognisers. A major limitation of this framework, however, is the restriction that it can ....
D. R. Harris, H. B. Reubenstein, and A. S. Yeh. Recognizers for Extracting Architectural Features from Source Code. In Proc. 2nd Working Conf. Rev. Eng., pages 252--261. IEEE, July 1995.
....in the C Unix domain and its implementation is curIRST Technical Report 9510 06, October rently in progress. It is built on top of the Refine C 1 environment and exploits its capabilities to build and analyze Abstract Syntax Trees (ASTs) Architectural recognizers (this term is borrowed from [6]) have been developed that work on ASTs to detect source code level constructs signaling the presence of architectural components or connectors and to produce graphs; algorithms to display such graphs have been implemented. In fact, an explicit goal of our approach is that almost every analysis ....
....of inter process communication connectors is as important as the analysis of the internal structure of a program. The works that most heavily influenced our approach in program architecture understanding and reverse engineering are the already cited works by Harris, Reubenstein and Yeh [4, 6]. The philosophy of both their and our approach is substantially the same: we are both interested in discovering architectural commitments in source code for the purpose of program understanding and re documenting and we agree on the fact that this must be an incremental process. We both placed in ....
D. R. Harris, H. B. Reubenstein and A. S. Yeh, "Recognizers for Extracting Architectural Features from Source Code", in Proceedings of the Second Working Conference on Reverse Engineering, pp. 252-261, Toronto, 1995.
....techniques to draw and refine connections between the domain model and the code, our work supports the reverse engineer in acquiring and refining a model of the domain itself as well as its connection to the code being explored. At a lower level than LaSSIE or DESIRE, Harris, Rubenstein, and Yeh [18,34] describe their pattern matching techniques for extracting architectural level features from source code. Patterns describe architectural entities and their interconnections; pattern matching is suitably fuzzy to allow for matches in the presence of obscure or missing features. The resulting set ....
David R. Harris, Howard B. Reubenstein, and Alexander S. Yeh. "Recognizers for Extracting Architectural Features from Source Code." Second Working Conference on Reverse Engineering. Linda Wills, Philip Newcomb, and Elliot Chikofsky, editors, pp. 252-261, IEEE Computer Society Press, July 1995.
....Synchronized Refinement process underlying DARE also broadens the domain model to include not only terminological knowledge and typical module decompositions, but architectural structures in general and design decision rationale. At a lower level than LaSSIE or DESIRE, Harris, Rubenstein, and Yeh [17] describe their patternmatching techniques for extracting architectural level features from source code. Patterns describe architectural entities and their interconnections; pattern matching is suitably fuzzy to allow for matches in the presence of obscure or missing features. The resulting set of ....
David R. Harris, Howard B. Reubenstein, and Alexander S. Yeh. "Recognizers for Extracting Architectural Features from Source Code." Second Working Conference on Reverse Engineering. Linda Wills, Philip Newcomb, and Elliot Chikofsky, editors, pp. 252--261, IEEE Computer Society Press, July 1995.
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D. Harris, H.Reubenstein, and A.S. Yeh. Recognizers for extracting architectural features from source code. In L.Wills, P.Newcomb, and E.Chikofsky, editors, Second Working Conference on Reverse Engineering, pp. 252--261, Los Alamitos, California, July 1995. IEEE Computer Society Press.
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