K.Yokota and H.Yasukawa, "Towards an Integrated Knowledge-Base Management System --- Overview of R&D on Databases and Knowledge-Bases in the FGCS Project", Proc. Int. Conf. on FGCS, ICOT, Tokyo, June 1-5, 1992.  Home/Search   Document Details and Download   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....1 Introduction Deductive object oriented databases (abbr. DOOD) attracted much attention in early 1990 s but diculties in realizing these ideas and performance problems had dampened the initial enthusiasm. Nevertheless, the second half of the last decade witnessed several experimental systems [34, 20, 2, 24, 17, 27]. They, along with the proliferation of the Web and many recent developments, such as the RDF 1 standard, have fueled renewed interest in DOOD systems; in particular, systems for logic based processing of object oriented meta data [15, 18,28, 4, 5] Also, a new eld processing of ....

K. Yokota and H. Yasukawa. Towards an integrated knowledge-base management system. In Proceedings of the Int'l Conference on Fifth Generation Computer Systems, pages 89-109, June 1992.

....87] in brackets ( In the example, the expression person : introduces a new type named person defined by the object descriptor on the right hand side of the colon. As in unification grammar formalisms [Shieber 86] and some logic based programming languages [Kifer and Lausen 89, Yokota and Yasukawa 92] Morphe does not make a distinction between classes and instances. Strictly speaking, every expression in Morphe is a type expression, and the execution of a Morphe program consists of finding the appropriate types for the variables, or in other words, solving the set of type constraints. Morphe ....

Kazumasa Yokota and Hideki Yasukawa. Towards an Integrated Knowledge Base Management System. In Proceedings of the FGCS'92. ICOT, June 1992. Page 10

....[Ari90, GMN84] Although this is a common property, a deductive database primarily manages the derivation of data, whereas the S object database instead uses predicate logic as the framework for describing integrity constraints of a semantic representation. A deductive object oriented database [YY92] has recently been studied, being a deductive database that introduces an object oriented paradigm into predicate logic. However, the separation of information is not present. Hypertext Database Hypertext databases [TNH 91] have also been investigated, with the main objective being the ....

Yokota, K. and Yasukawa, H., "Towards an Integrated Knowledge-Base Management System, " Proc. of the Int. Conf. on Fifth Generation Computer Systems 1992, ICOT (Jun. 1992), 89--112.

....value to which x is to be anchored, but knows that it is of the form b(y) another parametric object) then anchoring x to b(y) results in the object a(b(y) which does not give the ultimate object perhaps, but is at least more informative about its structure. 5.6. Yasukawa and Yokota s work Yokota and Yasukawa (1992) proposed a knowledge representation language, called QUIXOT E for deductive and object oriented databases. In QUIXOT E , an object consists of an identifier (oid) and properties, each attribute of which is a triple hlabel; operator; valuei. In (Yasukawa Yokota, 1991) a partial semantics for ....

Yokota, K., and Yasukawa, H. (1992). Towards an Integrated Knowledge-Base Management System: Overview of R&D on Databases and Knowledge-Bases in the FGCS Project. In Proceedings of Fifth Generation Computer Systems, Tokyo.

....as much as possible. It will lead to clarifying which elements of musical knowledge can be handled by our current KP techniques and which problems need to be challenged in order to develop more practical KP techniques. The author thinks that a deductive objectoriented (DOO) approach[6][8] is noteworthy among KP techniques, since this approach provides desirable properties: expandability, flexibility, robustness and a theoretical basis. Through examining musical knowledge representation based on the DOO framework, we hope to develop a programming language for musical KP. To ....

....Intuitively, instantiated v abstract is stated. The examples are as follows: note(pitch=C,octave = 5) v note(pitch=C) v note, C Natural Minor Scale v Natural Minor Scale v Minor Scale, and fC,E,G,B[g v fE,B[g. Note that v is a partial ordering. In the above example, the so called Smyth ordering [8] is used between chords. But the author thinks that, from the musical KP point of view, our framework poperly should use not only the Smyth ordering but also the Hoare ordering. 2.3 Extrinsic Attribute Relation Unlike the subsumption relation, an extrinsic attribute relation connects two objects ....

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K. Yokota and H. Yasukawa, Towards an Integrated Knowledge-Base Management System -- Overview of R&D on Databases and Knowledge-Bases in the FGCS Project, In Proc. of FGCS'92, ICOT, 1992.

....author. Toward the simulation of jazz pianist activities, first, we should develop a formal knowledge representation method for jazz piano solo performance. Of the many knowledge representation methods have been studied in AI and KP. This research adopted the deductive object oriented (DOO) method [5] [3] The advantages offered by the DOO method are that the relations among objects are considered as a partial ordering (in the mathematical sense) an object whose information is partially known can be naturally specified, and the expression of rules in a clausal form enables deductive ....

.... 5; t = 36; d = 24) inversely n(p = C; o = 5; t = 36; d = 24) is more instantiated than n(p = C; o = 5) This ordering is denoted as n(p = C; o = 5; t = 36; d = 24) v n(p = C; o = 5) Here the partial order v is called a subsumption relation and is regarded as an extension to the is a relation [5]. For instance, consider a more abstract note object n(p = C) which does not state its octave attribute. So we may interpret that any value can be assigned to the octave attribute. Thus, we assume that n(p = C) is identical to the set f1 1 1 ; n(p = C; o = 4) n(p = C; o = 5) n(p = C; o = 6) ....

K. Yokota and H. Yasukawa, Towards an Integrated Knowledge-Base Management System -- Overview of R&D on Databases and Knowledge-Bases in the FGCS Project, In Proc. of FGCS'92, ICOT, 1992.

....In this paper, we give an overview of Kappa. 1 Introduction In the Japanese FGCS (Fifth Generation Computer System) project, many knowledge information processing systems (KIPSs) were developed under the framework of logic and parallelism. In these systems, R D of databases and knowledge bases[10] aims at an integrated knowledge base management system (KBMS) under a framework of deductive object oriented databases (DOODs) Kappa 1 is a database management system (DBMS) located in the lower layer and is also the name of the project. The objective is to provide database management ....

K. Yokota and H. Yasukawa, "Towards an Integrated Knowledge-Base Management System --- Overview of R&D for Databases and KnowledgeBases in the FGCS project", Proc. FGCS'92, Tokyo, June 1-5, 1992.

....and even that it is possible for a person to find correct legal data and knowledge in written and unwritten law faster than the databases. In the FGCS (Fifth Generation Computer System) project, we have designed and developed QUIXOT E, a deductive object oriented database (DOOD) language system [4, 6, 7, 8, 9]. From a logic programming point of view, it is also thought of as an extended constraint logic programming language based on subsumption constraints. In addition, its queries and answers are extended to be able to deal with hypothetical reasoning and restricted abduction [2, 10] As a result of ....

.... a result of these many features, QUIXOT E as a knowledge representation language plays an important role in knowledge information processing requiring a high capability of representation and query processing such as legal reasoning, genetic information processing and natural language understanding [3, 5, 8]. At present, we are constructing a legal database using the Vienna Sales Convention (whose formal name is the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) and using it to investigate how to represent legal knowledge, and how effective QUIXOT E is in legal ....

K.Yokota and H.Yasukawa, "Towards an Integrated Knowledge-Base Management System --- Overview of R&D on Databases and Knowledge-Bases in the FGCS Project", Proc. Int. Conf. on FGCS, ICOT, Tokyo, June 1-5, 1992.

....legal data and knowledge and how to create legal databases by resolving conflicting information and complementing missing information. In Japan s FGCS (Fifth Generation Computer System) project, we have designed and developed QUIXOT E, a deductive object oriented database (DOOD) language system [8, 5, 10, 11, 12]. It is a knowledge representation language, which plays an important role in knowledge information processing requiring a high capability of representation and query processing. At present, we are constructing a legal database using the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International ....

....constraints. There are some differences from the new F logic[2, 3] the representation of object identity, the introduction of subsumption constraints, update semantics, and query processing. This section explains some of its features used in the above articles. For details on QUIXOT E, see [10, 11, 12]. 3.1 Object Identity and Subsumption Relation Objects in QUIXOT E are identified by extended terms called object terms that correspond to object identifiers (oids) An object term consisting of an atomic symbol is classified as basic, while an object term in the form of a tuple is referred to ....

K.Yokota and H.Yasukawa, "Towards an Integrated Knowledge-Base Management System --- Overview of R&D on Databases and Knowledge-Bases in the FGCS Project", Proc. Int. Conf. on FGCS, ICOT, Tokyo, June 1-5, 1992.

....genetic information processing, and legal reasoning. In such an environment, our major research interest from database and knowledge base points of view has been how to support such applications by domain independent languages and systems as database and knowledge base management systems[Yokota and Yasukawa 92] For the objective, we have two activities: how to represent data and knowledge effectively and manage them efficiently; how to provide an environment where multiple languages and systems can work effectively for single purpose. During two projects, we have designed and developed three database ....

....a large amount of structured data and the system had been expected to play a role of an underlying database layer. From this viewpoint, I can list the following contributions: ffl We implement a nested relational model efficiently: especially we implement its parallel system[Yokota et al. 88, Yokota and Yasukawa 92, Kawamura et al. 92, Kawamura and Kawamura 94] ffl We show its efficiency and effectiveness as an underlying database layer in data intensive applications such as genome databases and natural language dictionaries[Yokota and Yasukawa 92, Tanaka 92] Considering future works from an application ....

Kazumasa Yokota and Hideki Yasukawa, "Towards an Integrated Knowledge-Base Management System --- Overview of R&D on Databases and KnowledgeBases in the FGCS Project", Proc. International Conference on Fifth Generation Computer Systems (FGCS'92), ICOT, Tokyo, June 1-5, 1992.

....management, logical inference not only with deduction but also with analogy and abduction, and algebraic constraint solvers. How can we model such applications In our projects, we have designed and developed various powerful languages and systems for knowledge information processing applications[4]. However, each language cannot cover all requirements of the above applications. We started to design such applications based on a multi agent architecture[5] a cooperative system consisting of heterogeneous problem solvers, each of which corresponds to a single paradigm. Such systems can work ....

Kazumasa Yokota and Hideki Yasukawa, "Towards an Integrated KnowledgeBase Management System --- Overview of R&D on Databases and KnowledgeBases in the FGCS Project", Proc. Int. Conf. on Fifth Generation Computer Systems (FGCS'92), Tokyo, June 1-5, 1992.

....adopt the DOOD approach. In our project, we have designed and developed a DOOD language called QUIXOT E, which is a logic programming language into which object orientation concepts such as object identity, type hierarchy, property inheritance, and method are embedded by subsumption constraints [11, 10, 12]. From a representation point of view, value based and identity based representations are integrated into the language. From the viewpoint of reasoning of partial information, the language has features such as hypothetical reasoning and abduction. The module mechanism contributes to both ....

....as hypothetical reasoning and abduction. The module mechanism contributes to both objectives. Furthermore, there are some other features such as transaction and persistence. We have shown its effectiveness and efficiency when applied to a variety of knowledge information processing applications [12, 8]. This paper introduces the mechanism of query processing for partial information databases and shows its effectiveness as a tool for various future applications in artificial intelligence. In Section 2, we show an example of legal reasoning to illustrate the type of problem we are tackling. In ....

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K. Yokota and H. Yasukawa, "Towards an Integrated Knowledge Base Management System," Proc. FGCS, Tokyo, June 1-5, 1992.

....adopt the DOOD approach. In our project, we have designed and developed a DOOD language called QUIXOT E, which is a logic programming language, into which object orientation concepts such as object identity, type hierarchy, property inheritance, and method are embedded by subsumption constraints [22, 12, 20, 21, 24]. From a representation point of view, value based and identitybased representations are integrated into the language. From a viewpoint of reasoning of partial information, the language has features such as hypothetical reasoning and abduction. The module mechanism contributes to both objectives. ....

....by rule transformation. In these three steps, the analogy detection strategy is essential in legal reasoning for more efficient detection of better precedents, which decides the quality of the results. To investigate the QUIXOT E s potential for legal reasoning, we developed an experimental system [19, 24]. Here we describe a simplified example of legal reasoning. 2.2 Example of Legal Knowledge First, we consider legal knowledge. Assume that the labor law and the theory of the application of the law is already formulated as follows: labor law: An organization is responsible to compensate its ....

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K. Yokota and H. Yasukawa, "Towards an Integrated Knowledge Base Management System --- Overview of R&D on Databases and KnowledgeBases in the FGCS Project," Proc. International Conference on Fifth Generation Computer Systems, ICOT, Tokyo, June 1-5, 1992.

....to carry these objectives forward [21] During the FGCS project, a new framework of database and knowledge base management systems was required for representing and managing various kinds of data and knowledge. Under such requirements, QUIXOT E was designed and has been, consequently, developed [26]. QUIXOT E is a logic programming language with object 3 Knowledge Information Systems Research Lab. Oki Electric Industry Co. Ltd. e mail: morita okilab.oki.co.jp orientation and database features and is considered a deductive object oriented database (DOOD) 25, 9, 5] language. The main ....

....UNIX environments, and are developing more knowledge information processing applications. In this paper, we discuss our approach and describe certain basic and specific features of the QUIXOT E language only because of the limited space. For details and related applications, see other papers [26, 23, 14, 24, 16, 17, 27, 18, 19, 22]. In Section 2, we discuss what is necessary for our environments and why we take this approach in QUIXOT E. Next, we briefly explain the concept of an object in QUIXOT E: its object identity, subsumption relations and constraints, properties, property inheritance, and methods in Section 3, and ....

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K. Yokota and H. Yasukawa, "Towards an Integrated Knowledge Base Management System", Proc. Int. Conf. on Fifth Generation Computer Systems, ICOT, Tokyo, June 1-5, 1992.

....a database point of view, QUIXOT E is a DOOD language, while, from a logic programming point of view, it is an extended constraint logic programming language based on subsumption constraints. In this section, we explain some of its features, used in the above example. For details of QUIXOT E, see[18, 21, 22]. 3.1 Object Identity and Subsumption Relation Concepts are represented by object terms in QUIXOT E 1 . mary, driver and employee are simple examples of object terms, while company [name= S ] is a slightly more complex example, representing a company whose name is S . Object terms are ....

K. Yokota and H. Yasukawa, "Towards an Integrated Knowledge-Base Management System --- Overview of R&D on Databases and Knowledge-Bases in the FGCS Project," Proc. Int. Conf. on FGCS, ICOT, Tokyo, June 1-5, 1992.

.... have its extended features such as hypothesis generation (abductive reasoning) and hypothetical reasoning (conditional query processing) In the Japanese FGCS project, we designed and implemented a deductive object oriented database (DOOD) language or a knowledge representation language, QUIXOT E [9], 11] and a heterogeneous, distributed, cooperative problem solving system, Helios [1] 10] QUIXOT E cannot be applied to distributed environments as it is because it assumes globality of many information, and Helios is a general framework, in which any strategies are not embedded in advance. ....

....solver which is called QUIK. In our system, an exchange model is the same as the QUIK object, and mediator specification is written as a QUIK program. By using QUIK, mediators are also treated as (real or virtual) information sources. 3. 2 QUIK Program Objects in QUIK are taken from QUIXOT E s[9]: basic objects as atoms, object terms which are recursively constructed from basic objects by a tuple constructor, and attribute terms consisting of object terms and subsumption constraints. For example, consider the following objects: Example 5: Object representation apple; apple[color = red] ....

K. Yokota and H. Yasukawa, "Towards an Integrated Knowledge-Base Management System --- Overview of R&D on Databases and Knowledge-Bases in the FGCS Project", Proc. Int. Conf. on Fifth Generation Computer Systems (FGCS'92), pp. 89-112, Tokyo, June 1992.

....while GDCC is a constraint logic programming language with algebraic constraint solvers. QUIXOT E can be considered also as an extended constraint logic programming language with a subsumption constraint solver. QUIXOT E has been used for many knowledge information processing applications [6] such as natural language processing, legal reasoning, and genetic information processing. Among them, we have two problems. One is how to treat both subsumption and algebraic constraints in legal reasoning, and another one is how to integrate QUIXOT E databases, Kappa [2] databases (a nested ....

....propose a simple, comprehensive framework for a very large knowledge base and to show its effectiveness and efficiency for knowledge information processing, which are based on our experiences of QUIXOT E [7] GDCC K. Yokota 8 [1] Kappa [2] and knowledge information processing applications [6] in the Japanese FGCS project. We already implemented the first version of the prototype system, which supports only basic functions and to describe small applications. Through this experiments, the performance of communication among processes was analyzed. We are now investigating specifications ....

K. Yokota and H. Yasukawa, "Towards an Integrated Knowledge-Base Management System --- Overview of R&D on Databases and KnowledgeBases in the FGCS Project", Proc. Int. Conf. on Fifth Generation Computer Systems, ICOT, Tokyo, June 1-5, 1992.

....search engines provide access facilities to multiple sources, however most of them are superficial text search but not content search. In the Japanese FGCS project, we designed and implemented a deductive object oriented database (DOOD) language or a knowledge representation language, QUIXOT E [YY92, YNTT94], and a heterogeneous, distributed, cooperative problem solving system, Helios [Yokota94, AY95] However, to cope with integration of heterogeneous information sources, we have to redesign a new language for representing various information sources including DOOD, integrating them, and searching ....

K. Yokota and H. Yasukawa, "Towards an Integrated Knowledge-Base Management System --- Overview of R&D on Databases and Knowledge-Bases in the FGCS Project", Proc. Int. Conf. on Fifth Generation Computer Systems (FGCS'92), pp. 89-112, Tokyo, June, 1992.

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