David Wolber and Gene Fisher. A Demonstrational Technique for Developing Interfaces with Dynamically Created Objects. ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, Proceedings UIST'91, Hilton Head, SC, Nov., 1991, pp. 221-230. Lapidary - i -  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....these projects used early versions of the tools, and one might expect that some of the problems have been fixed in more recent versions. Some users called for extended capabilities such as the ability to draw the dynamic parts of windows. Since a few research tools, such as Lapidary [8] and DEMO [15], now support this, we can hope that commercial products will provide this capability in the near future. Most difficult aspects of the development of the UI There were many interesting responses to the question about the most difficult aspects of the development of the user interface. Many of ....

David Wolber and Gene Fisher. A Demonstrational Technique for Developing Interfaces with Dynamically Created Objects. ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, Proceedings UIST'91, Hilton Head, SC, Nov., 1991, pp. 221-230.

....not inextricably bundled with a widget) and, consequently, can express a wider variety of behaviors than interface builders. Demonstrational systems have also proven popular for specifying the dynamic behavior of objects in an application. Examples include systems for creating user interfaces [41, 47, 32, 5], constructing drawings and animating them [18, 19] and creating HyperCard programs [4] These systems record the user s actions on example objects and then play them back at run time when an appropriate event is received. In some cases they attempt to generalize the sequences of actions to ....

....19] and creating HyperCard programs [4] These systems record the user s actions on example objects and then play them back at run time when an appropriate event is received. In some cases they attempt to generalize the sequences of actions to provide more abstract behaviors. For example, Demo [47] will create linear equations that relate elements of an event (e.g. rotating a dial on a gauge by 30 degrees) with elements of a response (e.g. updating a text box with the new value of the gauge) MetaMouse [18, 19] and Eager [4] try to detect repetitive actions and Lapidary 7 generalize ....

David Wolber and Gene Fisher. A Demonstrational Technique for Developing Interfaces with Dynamically Created Objects. ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, Proceedings UIST'91, Hilton Head, SC, Nov., 1991, pp. 221-230. Lapidary - i -

....(a video camera metaphor) but rather only look at particular snapshots of state that are pointed out by the user (a flashlight photography metaphor) This approach avoids problems with users re ordering events and inserting extraneous events. Examples of snapshot based tools are GITS [3] and DEMO [4]. A possible common input format could consist of a before snapshot (context) a triggering event (stimulus) and an after snapshot (response) The event could be in the format discussed in Section 1.1, the state could consist of a list of objects holding domain specific state relevant to ....

D. Wolber and G. Fisher. "A demonstrational technique for developing interfaces with dynamically created objects. " In Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, pp. 221--230, (Hilton Head, SC, Nov. 11-13) 1991.

.... Usability Center Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, Georgia 30332 0280 ABSTRACT We present an inference engine that can be used for creating Programming By Demonstration systems. The class of systems addressed are those which infer a state change description from examples of state [9,11]. The engine can easily be incorporated into an existing design environment that provides an interactive object editor. The main design goals of the inference engine are responsiveness and generality. All demonstrational systems must respond quickly because of their interactive use. They should ....

....for demonstrating behavior. We present such an engine which addresses a subclass of demonstrational systems. This subclass consists of systems that infer a generalized state change description given several examples of state. Existing demonstrational systems that fall into that category are DEMO [11] and the Geometric Interactive Technique Solver [9] The constraint solver of Chimera [6] roughly falls into this class, but has no notion of time it uses valid states rather than before and after states. Demonstrational systems not addressed by our engine include those that use a ....

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Wolber, D. and G. Fisher, A Demonstrational Technique For Developing Interfaces With Dynamically Created Objects, Proceedings of UIST'91, Hilton Head, South Carolina, November 1991, pp. 221-230.

....on creating application specific objects. Metamouse [8] learns graphical procedures by example. Druid [13] lets users attach simple functionality such as enabling, disabling, hiding and showing to buttons. Eager [1] watches users perform operations and detects and automates repetition. DEMO [14,2] uses a stimulus response paradigm for demonstrating the behavior of graphical objects. Chimera [7] infers constraints between graphical objects given multiple snapshots. Finally, Marquise [11] uses domain knowledge in order to support building graphical editors. All of these systems use ....

....Metamouse [8] 1989 Yes (Prediction) No No Medium Explicit a (Aux. Objs) No not applicable Graphical Procedure Druid b [13] 1990 No Yes No None None No Event Recording Script Eager [1] 1991 Yes (Prediction) No not applicable not applicable not applicable No Event Recording Macro DEMO [2,14] 1991 92 No Yes Yes High Explicit (Aux. Objs) Yes (DEMO II) Compressed Snapshots Response Description Chimera [7] 1991 No No No High Explicit c (Aux. Objs) No Snapshots Two Way Constraints Marquise [11] 1993 No Optional d Yes Low None Yes Event Recording LISP Code Inference Bear 1994 No No Yes ....

Wolber, D. and G. Fisher, A Demonstrational Technique For Developing Interfaces With Dynamically Created Objects, Proceedings of UIST'91, Hilton Head, South Carolina, November 1991, pages 221-230.

....its inferences. SILK is similar in that it uses a rule system to infer the widgets, which have previously defined behaviors. Other demonstrational 128 CHAPTER 7. RELATED WORK user interface tools that have followed in the Peridot tradition include Lapidary [Myers 1989] Druid [Singh 1990] Demo [Wolber 1991; Fisher 1992] and Marquise [Myers 1993] One of the major complaints about Peridot was that it confirmed its inferences by asking questions. One of the principles behind SILK s design is that the inferences of the system should be kept out of the designer s way until they have a need to deal ....

David Wolber and Gene Fisher. "A Demonstrational Technique for Developing Interfaces with Dynamically Created Objects". Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, UIST '91, Hilton Head, SC, November 11--13, 1991. pp. 221-230.

.... interface and the application, e.g. by direct manipulation in the NeXT Interface Builder [8] 3) defining dependencies between them, e.g. by interactively setting up constraints in Garnet; and (4) specifying the dynamic behavior of a user interface, e.g. by demonstration in Peridot and DEMO [9]. 3. A NEW APPROACH TO VISUAL PROGRAMMING In order to face most of the problems described above we have used an approach which can basically be characterized as follows: 1. More functionality is integrated into the lower level tools. Instead of providing a more or less complete, but rather static ....

D. Wolber and G. Fisher. A Demonstrational Technique for Developing Interfaces with Dynamically Created Objects. In Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, pages 221--230, November 1991.

....Atlanta, Georgia 30332 0280 (404) 853 9382 (404) 853 0672 martin,foley cc.gatech.edu ABSTRACT We present an inference engine that can be used for creating Programming By Demonstration systems. The class of systems addressed are those which infer a state change description from examples of state [9,11]. The engine can easily be incorporated into an existing design environment that provides an interactive object editor. The main design goals of the inference engine are responsiveness and generality. All demonstrational systems must respond quickly because of their interactive use. They should ....

....for demonstrating behavior. We present such an engine which addresses a subclass of demonstrational systems. This subclass consists of systems that infer a generalized state change description given several examples of state. Existing demonstrational systems that fall into that category are DEMO [11] and the Geometric Interactive Technique Solver [9] The constraint solver of Chimera [6] roughly falls into this class, but has no notion of time it uses valid states rather than before and after states. 2 Demonstrational systems not addressed by our engine include those that use a ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

Wolber, D., and Fisher, G. A Demonstrational Technique For Developing Interfaces With Dynamically Created Objects. In Proceedings of UIST'91 (Nov. 11-13, Hilton Head, S.C.), ACM, N.Y., 1991, pp. 221-230.

....the possibility to describe behavior when an instance is created or deleted. Rollit directly manages application data and its user interface. This frees us from the limitations of a fixed set of widgets, and allows us to create more original applications. In this sense, our work is similar to Demo [Wolber91] or Peridot [Myers88] since we can create new widgets by direct manipulation. Peridot, which relies on knowledge inferencing techniques, concentrates on demonstrating the behavior of such interactors. Lapidary [Myers89] concentrates on the graphical creation of widgets, and allows creating new ....

David Wolber and Gene Fisher. A Demonstrational Technique for Developing Interfaces with Dynamically Created Objects. In Proceedings of ACM Symposium on User Interface Software Technology, pages 221--230, November 1991.

....to create imperative programs and simple geometrical constraints for realizing low level widgets and or their layouts. By contrast, TRIP3 generalizes the correspondence between high level application data and its visual representation and generates declarative translation rules between them. DEMO[28] enables creation of GUI by demonstrating the behavior with an enhanced 7 HyperCard is a registered trademark of Apple Computer, Incorporated. 8 Macintosh is a registered trademark of Apple Computer, Incorporated. drawing editor, but does not provide a generalization mechanism for ....

Wolber, D. and Fisher, G.: A Demonstrational Technique For Developing Interfaces With Dynamically Created Objects, in Proc. of ACM User Interface Software and Technology (UIST), pp. 221--230 (1991).

....the limited number of in born unconditional stimuli, in other words, in constantly supplementing the unconditioned reflexes by conditioned ones. Ivan Petrovich Pavlov Figure 1. Pavlov Development of a Driving Simulator This stimulus response model was first used in the author s DEMO system [13] to demonstrate non animated interface behaviors. The model has been extended in Pavlov so that an interface can be taught about time, periodic activity, and the inherent direction of some objects. These extensions allow animation as well as interaction to be designed within the stimulus response ....

....that a designer may demonstrate a stimulus on a representative object. At run time, the same stimulus applied to any member of the set represented will trigger the demonstrated response. Dynamically allocated objects, which can be specified by creating an object in stimulus or response mode (see [13]) are by default marked as representative objects. Pavlov also allows the designer to designate behavior groups, and marks each element as representative of the group (a similar approach is used in [12] The Semantics of a Response Demonstration When the designer demonstrates an operation R on ....

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Wolber, D., and Fisher, Gene, "A Demonstrational Technique for Developing Interfaces with Dynamically Created Objects." Proc. of UIST `91, 1991, pp. 221-230.

....these systems, designers use a drawing editor to draw the graphics, then use the same environment to demonstrate examples of behavior and to execute (test) the program generated by the system. PBD systems include stimulus response demonstration systems that focus on end user triggered behaviors [5,7,8,14,15,21,22], and context based systems that focus on behaviors that are triggered when objects are in a certain context [10,17,18] Though useful for building interfaces such as graphical editors and simulations, current PBD systems do not provide the timing mechanisms necessary to demonstrate timed ....

....during behavior demonstrations, and (2) exploring how stimulusresponse and context triggered behavior could be integrated with a key frame animation timeline. For the former, timing controls and various techniques for demonstrating animation were added to an existing stimulus response system, DEMO [21], and the underlying model and run time engine of DEMO was redesigned to handle timed behavior. For the latter, a second level editor was designed that is similar to a traditional animation timeline editor, but has a stimulus response basis: the (animated) response to each stimulus is viewed in a ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

Wolber, D., and Fisher, Gene, "A Demonstrational Technique for Developing Interfaces with Dynamically Created Objects." Proceedings of UIST `91, 1991, pp. 221-230.

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David Wolber and Gene Fisher. A Demonstrational Technique for Developing Interfaces with Dynamically Created Objects. ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, Proceedings UIST'91, Hilton Head, SC, Nov., 1991, pp. 221-230. Lapidary - i -

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