S. Carberry. Incorporating default inferences into plan recognition. In Proc. 8th Nat. Conf. AI, volume 1, pages 471--8, july 1990.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....reasoning the student has been following so that it can construct an appropriate hint. The problem of inferring from an agent s actions the plan or line of reasoning being followed is known in AI as plan recognition [Kautz and Allen, 1986] Plan recognition usually involves inherent uncertainty [Carberry, 1990, Charniak and Goldman, 1993, Huber et al. 1994] and in cognitive apprenticeship it is an especially hard problem [Self, 1988] since cognitive apprenticeships teach intellectual skills where most of the important activity is hidden from the coaches view. In this paper we describe an evolving ....

Carberry, S. (1990). Incorporating default inferences into plan recognition. In Proceedings of AAAI90, pages 471--478.

....The second approach to the problem of ambiguity is to use uncertain inference. This at least gives each ambiguity some measure of probability which the system can use to further weight its options. We discuss here some of the many approaches which have been used. Dempster Shafer Carberry [Car90a] showed how to incorporate Dempster Shafer probabilities to the focusing heuristics in her plan recognition system [Car90b] described in Section 4.3 above) Bauer [Bau94] described a plan hierarchy closure method to attach Dempster Shafer probabilities to any plan hierarchy. Belief Networks ....

Sandra Carberry. Incorporating default inferences into plan recognition. In Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pages 471--478, Boston, 1990. AAAI.

....The portability of our goal recognizer depends on the existence of a plan corpus. If a plan corpus exists or can be created for the new domain (see section below) all we have to do is use it to train models for the new domain. On the other hand, most goal recognizers (e.g. Vilain, 1990; Carberry, 1990a; Kautz, 1991; Charniak and Goldman, 1993; Paek and Horvitz, 2000] require a complete, hand crafted plan library in order to perform recognition, which can require a significant amount of knowledge engineering for each domain. Granted, these systems are performing plan recognition and not ....

Sandra Carberry. Incorporating default inferences into plan recognition. In Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pages 471--478, 1990.

....The second approach to the problem of ambiguity is to use uncertain inference. This at least gives each ambiguity some measure of probability which the system can use to further weight its options. We discuss here some of the many approaches which have been used. Dempster Shafer Carberry [Car90a] showed how to incorporate Dempster Shafer probabilities to the focusing heuristics in her plan recognition system [Car90b] described in Section 4.3 above) Bauer [Bau94] described a plan hierarchy closure method to attach Dempster Shafer probabilities to any plan hierarchy. Belief Networks ....

Sandra Carberry. Incorporating default inferences into plan recognition. In Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on Arti cial Intelligence, pages 471-478, Boston, 1990. AAAI.

....likelihood which the system to more easily choose among them. While this does not solve the ambiguity problem per 18 se, it does give the system a lot more leverage for dealing with it intelligently. We discuss here some of the many approaches which have been used. Dempster Shafer Carberry ( Carberry, 1990a] showed how to incorporate Dempster Shafer probabilities to the focusing heuristics in her plan recognition system ( Carberry, 1990b] described in Section 2.2 above) Bauer ( Bauer, 1994] described a plan hierarchy closure method to attach Dempster Shafer probabilities to any plan hierarchy. ....

Sandra Carberry, "Incorporating Default Inferences into Plan Recognition, " In Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pages 471--478, Boston, July 29 -- August 3 1990. AAAI.

....for those interactions that occur via the telephony networks, direct and effective understanding of the intentions of a user is of great importance. The term that has been introduced to describe the process of inferring intentions for actions from utterances is called )lan recognition [3], 11] Deriving the underlying aims can be assistive for a plethora of purposes such as predicting the agent s future behaviour, interpreting its past attitude creating a user model or narrowing the search space of a database query. Previous AI researchers have studied plan recognition for ....

Carberry L.: Incorporating default inferences into plan recognition. In Proc. 8th Nat. Conf. AI 1 (1990) 471-478

....fact that the tutor s goal is to teach causal reasoning, and, therefore, both tutors and students are attempting to express this kind of reasoning. Papers of Magliano, Baggett, Johnson and Graesser (1993) and Noordman and Vonk (1998) have helped us to understand this causal argumentation better. Carberry (1990a, b) has played a major role in the growing understanding of the significance of plan recognition. She argues that as intelligent tutoring systems improve their natural language capabilities, recognition of the student s problem solving plan will become more and more important (Carberry, 1990b, ....

....Carberry (1990a, b) has played a major role in the growing understanding of the significance of plan recognition. She argues that as intelligent tutoring systems improve their natural language capabilities, recognition of the student s problem solving plan will become more and more important (Carberry, 1990b, p. 72) Carberry s work on handling clarification subdialogues (Lambert Carberry, 1992) and on understanding indirect speech acts (Green Carberry, 1994) has motivated our efforts to understand the student s plan. Chu Carroll and Carberry (1995) model collaborative negotiation as a ....

Carberry, S. (1990a). Incorporating default inferences into plan recognition. Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (pp. 471-478). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

....unsupervised learning algorithm for adapting a recognizer to a person s idiosyncratic behaviors. Our experiments in two domains show that applying Adapt to the BOCE recognizer can improve its performance by a factor of two to three. 1 Introduction Goal recognition (e.g. Kautz, 1987; Carberry, 1990 ] is the task of inferring a person s intentions given a partial view of their actions. As noted in [ Maes and Kozierok, 1993; Bauer, 1994; Ardissono and Cohen, 1995 ] goal recognition is difficult, in part, because people do not all act alike. The same actions can warrant different ....

S. Carberry. Incorporating default inferences into plan recognition. In Proc. 8th Nat. Conf. on AI, vol. 1, pp. 471--8, july 1990.

....approaches use an inference scheme based on the Dempster Shafer theory or Bayes theory. 3.3. 1 Dempster Shafer Approach, 1990 Carberry presents a process model of plan recognition that is motivated by an analysis of naturally occurring dialogues and by psychological studies of human inference [5]. It includes a strategy for incrementally updating the system s model of the user s plan, by both sanctioning appropriate default inferences and deferring unwarranted decisions until further evidence is available. She describes an implementation of this strategy using the Dempster Shafer theory ....

Carberry S. (1990). Incorporating Default Inferences into Plan Recognition. Proceedings of AAAI-90, Pub:AAAI Press 8th National Conference on AI Boston,MA.

....approaches use an inference scheme based on the Dempster Shafer theory or Bayes theory. Dempster Shafer Approach, 1990 Carberry presents a process model of plan recognition that is motivated by an analysis of naturally occurring dialogues and by psychological studies of human inference [5]. It includes a strategy for incrementally updating the system s model of the user s plan, by both sanctioning appropriate default inferences and deferring unwarranted decisions until further evidence is available. She describes an implementation of this strategy using the Dempster Shafer theory ....

Carberry S. (1990). Incorporating Default Inferences into Plan Recognition. Proceedings of AAAI-90, Pub:AAAI Press 8th National Conference on AI Boston,MA.

....yet which kind of plan recognizer is best suited to the need of the application. A variety of plan recognition systems have been designed, each one is more suited to certain tasks than the other. Kautz Allen 86] proposed a technique that is satisfying only when plan libraries are complete. Carberry 90] Konolige Pollack 89] propose alternative theories of plan recognition in which beliefs and intentions are ascribed to the user by using a direct argumentation system, which does not require a complete library of plans, but with other drawbacks. Lots of authors have investigated grammar based ....

Carberry, S. Incorporating Default Inferences into Plan Recognition. Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), Boston, July 1990. pp. 471-478, (1990).

....each ascribable intention enables the entity to achieve such states. In fact, a number of possible solutions to this problem have been reported elsewhere in the AI literature and include, among others, uncertainty reasoning via symbolic endorsements [SC85] Dempster Shafer evidential reasoning [Car90a] probability theory [GN87, pages 177 186] and decision theory [DW91, pages 265 279] Further consideration of these techniques must at present, however, remain as a possible avenue for future work. 9 To conclude this subsection, the full pseudocode algorithm implementing the various ....

Sandra Carberry. Incorporating default inferences into plan recognition. In Proceedings Conference of the American Association for Artificial Intelligence, pages 471--478, 1990.

....types of choice points during the search for local and global program explanations. Chapter 3 Plan Recognition In Artificial Intelligence research, the problem of program understanding has been approached indirectly from the perspective of plan recognition [Kautz and Allen, 1986, Carberry, 1988, Carberry, 1990a, van Beek et al. 1993, Song and Cohen, 1991, Song, 1990] In this work, existing human knowledge in a particular domain is represented in hierarchies (of varying types) of plans that describe relevant actions and goals. Program understanding research has taken similar representational ....

....addition, others address similar issues of explanation selection 1 Best is a highly subjective term which changes definition depending on the intent of the particular plan recognition application. CHAPTER 3. PLAN RECOGNITION 54 in separate representational and conceptual schemes [Carberry, 1988, Carberry, 1990a] Kautz and Allen define the PR process as that by which a set of observed or described actions is explained by constructing a plan that contains them . A model of PR is formed with the intent of both representing actual events or occurrences, and of proposing hypothetical explanations of ....

Sandra Carberry. Incorporating default inferences into plan recognition. Proceedings of the 8th AAAI, 1:471--478, 1990.

....overhead of using a Bayesian network makes the probabilistic assumptions and calculations more tenable. In addition, the likelihood of a given interpretation plays a direct role in the conclusions of the system (as opposed to the set minimization approach, above) In related work, Carberry [7] similarly approached plan recognition using probabilistic reasoning, though instead of a Bayesian model the system used Dempster Shafer belief functions. 15 3 A Decision Theoretic Model for Focal Points Using focal points to choose among competing solutions requires that contextual information ....

S. Carberry. Incorporating default inferences into plan recognition. In Proceedings of AAAI-90, pages 471--478, Boston, Massachusetts, July 1990.

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S. Carberry. Incorporating default inferences into plan recognition. In Proc. 8th Nat. Conf. AI, volume 1, pages 471--8, july 1990.

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S. Carberry. Incorporating default inferences into plan recognition. In Proc. 8th Nat. Conf. AI, volume 1, pages 471--8, july 1990.

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Sandra Carberry. Incorporating default inferences into plan recognition. In Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pages 471--478, 1990.

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Carberry, S., "Incorporating Default Inferences into Plan Recognition", Proceedings of the National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 471-478, 1990.

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Sandra Carberry. Incorporating default inferences into plan recognition. In Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pages 471--478, 1990.

No context found.

S. Carberry. Incorporating default inferences into plan recognition. In Proc. 8th Nat. Conf. AI, volume 1, pages 471--8, july 1990.

No context found.

S. Carberry. Incorporating default inferences into plan recognition. In Proc. 8th Nat. Conf. AI, volume 1, pages 471--8, july 1990.

No context found.

Sandra Carberry, \Incorporating Default Inferences into Plan Recognition, " In Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on Arti cial Intelligence, pages 471-478, Boston, July 29 { August 3 1990. AAAI.

No context found.

S.Carberry. Incorporating Default Inferences into Plan Recognition. Proc. 8th Conf. AAAI, 471-478 Boston, 1990.

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Carberry, S., "Incorporating Default Inferences into Plan Recognition", Proceedings of the National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 471-478, 1990.

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Carberry, S., "Incorporating Default Inferences into Plan Recognition", Proceedings of the National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 471-478, 1990.

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