Brad A. Myers. Graphical Techniques in a Spreadsheet for Specifying User Interfaces. Human Factors in Computing Systems, Proceedings SIGCHI'91, New Orleans, LA, April, 1991, pp. 243-249.  Home/Search   Document Details and Download   Summary   Related Articles   Check

.... form [6] commercial spreadsheet systems, but also a number of research languages that extend the paradigm with features such as gestural formula specification [3, 17] graphical types [3, 32] visual matrix manipulation [31] high quality visualizations of complex data [7] and GUI specification [19]. In this paper, we use the term spreadsheet languages to describe all such systems following the spreadsheet paradigm. Despite the perceived simplicity of the spreadsheet paradigm, research shows that many spreadsheets contain faults. Field audits of real world spreadsheets report faults in 20 ....

B. Myers, "Graphical Techniques in a Spreadsheet for Specifying User Interfaces," Proc. ACM Conf. Human Factors in Computing Systems, 243-249, May 1991.

.... language paradigm is also a subject of ongoing research; for example, there is research into using spreadsheet languages for matrix manipulation problems [28] for scientific visualization [9] for providing steerable simulation environments for scientists [5] and for specifying full featured GUIs [17, 27]. Users of spreadsheet languages program by specifying cell formulas. Each cell s value is defined by that cell s formula, and as soon as the user enters a formula, it is evaluated and the result is displayed. In essence, providing these spreadsheet formulas is an example of first order ....

B. Myers. Graphical techniques in a spreadsheet for specifying user interfaces. In ACM CHI '91, pages 243--249, Apr. 1991.

....SIV formulas are state modification oriented: the syntax for formulas is command result cell arguments . SIV formulas and cellnames can also employ general Tcl code variables, an approach also followed by Levoy s Spreadsheet for Images [Levoy 1994] an earlier project that influenced SIV. C32 [Myers 1991] is a spreadsheet language that uses graphical techniques along with inference to specify user interfaces. C32 is not a full fledged spreadsheet language; rather, it is a front end to the underlying textual language Lisp used in the Garnet user interface development environment [Myers et al. ....

B. Myers, Graphical Techniques in a Spreadsheet for Specifying User Interfaces, ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, New Orleans, LA, April 28 - May 2, 1991, 243-249.

....When a cell s formula is defined, the underlying evaluation engine calculates the cell s value and the values of other affected cells and displays the results. We have prototyped our WYSIWYT methodology in the research language Forms 3 [3] one of many spreadsheet language research systems (e.g. [3, 4, 11, 13, 23, 24]) This choice is motivated partly by the fact that we have access to the implementation of Forms 3, and thus, we can implement and experiment with various testing technologies within that environment. More important, however, is that by working with Forms 3, we can investigate language features ....

B. Myers, "Graphical techniques in a spreadsheet for specifying user interfaces", In ACM CHI '91, pages 243249, Apr. 1991.

....work, but does away with textual formulas altogether. Instead, it uses a dataflow method in which small spreadsheets (which in traditional spreadsheets would be implemented as cell ranges) are linked together via operator nodes (Figure 5 illustrates this) Myers C32 constraint based system [39] is also similar to this, although his use of spreadsheets is limited to the two column variety currently known as property sheets. The usefulness of the spreadsheet paradigm is not limited to spreadsheets, however: Johnson et al. have extended the basic spreadsheet paradigm to use it as the ....

B. Myers. Graphical techniques in a spreadsheet for specifying user interfaces. In Proceedings CHI'91: Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pages 243--249, New Orleans, LA, April 28--May 2 1991. ACM.

....programmers. Examples of informal programmers include an office manager creating budget spreadsheets for the office staff using a conventional spreadsheet system such as Excel [33] a user interface designer creating a user interface using a spreadsheet based user interface design tool such as C32 [36], and a scientist creating a graphical depiction of complex scientific data produced by a spreadsheet based visualization system (e.g. 7] With this mixture of audiences in mind, our goal was to develop a gentle slope approach to exception handling for spreadsheets that would be simple enough ....

....to provide a graphical interface for spreadsheet input and feedback [10, 53] Wilde s WYSIWYC spreadsheet language [64] aims to improve traditional spreadsheet programming by making cell formulas visible and by making the visible structure of the spreadsheet match its computational structure. C32 [36] is a spreadsheet language that uses graphical techniques along with inference to specify constraints in user interfaces. The spreadsheet language Formulate includes the use of voice, handwriting, and gestures as input modalities for entering standard spreadsheet formulas [29] and also provides ....

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B. Myers, "Graphical Techniques in a Spreadsheet for Specifying User Interfaces," ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, New Orleans, Louisiana, pp. 243-249, April 28 - May 2 1991.

.... to spreadsheets is limited to data propagation and textual formulas, and therefore is more accurately termed formbased [45, page 4] 20 Spreadsheets for User Interface Design Two notable systems designed for user interface specification are the Penguims system [49, 48] and the C32 spreadsheet [67] in the Garnet toolkit [68] The purpose of both systems is to enable user interface programmers to specify complex constraints among user interface elements by using equations in cells. The Penguims system does not strictly conform to a grid, but instead organizes cells into related stacks. In ....

Brad A. Myers. Graphical techniques in a spreadsheet for specifying user interfaces. In Proceedings of ACM CHI'91 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pages 243--249, 1991.

....programming language in practice. We use the term spreadsheet language to denote not only commercial spreadsheet systems, but also research spreadsheet languages for a wide variety of purposes, such as for producing high quality visualizations of complex data [5] for specifying GUI interfaces [9, 16], for manipulating matrices [1] and for working with user defined objects [2, 3] Our visual testing methodology is called the What You See Is What You Test (WYSIWYT) methodology [13, 14] The testing problem is particularly challenging for visual programming languages that aim toward diverse ....

B. Myers, Graphical techniques in a spreadsheet for specifying user interfaces, ACM Conf. Human Factors in Computing Systems, 243-249, May 1991.

....and WYSIWYT subjects answered additional questions about their use and understanding of our methodology s feedback. The Experimental Environment We have prototyped our WYSIWYT testing methodology in the research language Forms 3 [4] one of many spreadsheet language research systems (e.g. [4, 5, 13, 16, 24, 26]) This choice is motivated partly by the fact that we have access to the implementation of Forms 3, and thus, we can implement and experiment with various testing technologies within that environment. More important, however, is that by working with Forms 3, we can investigate language features ....

B. Myers. Graphical techniques in a spreadsheet for specifying user interfaces. In ACM CHI '91, pages 243-- 249, Apr. 1991.

....visualization [Chi et al. 1998] SIV formulas are state modification oriented: the syntax for formulas is command result cell arguments . SIV formulas and cellnames can also employ general Tcl code variables, an approach also followed by Levoy s Spreadsheet for Images [Levoy 1994] C32 [Myers 1991] is a spreadsheet language that uses graphical techniques to specify user interfaces. Unlike the other spreadsheet languages described here, C32 is not a full fledged spreadsheet language; rather, it is a front end to the underlying textual language Lisp used in the Garnet user interface ....

B. Myers, "Graphical Techniques in a Spreadsheet for Specifying User Interfaces," ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, New Orleans, LA, April 28 - May 2, 1991, 243-249. -

....interface objects into a conventional spreadsheet for GUI programming [Smedley et al. 1996] Both of these approaches add some of the power of object oriented programming, but do not enforce consistency with the value rule, since global variables and state modifying mechanisms circumvent it. C32 [Myers 1991] is a spreadsheet language that is part of the Garnet and Amulet user interface development environments [Myers et al. 1990; Myers et al. 1996] C32 uses graphical techniques along with inference to specify constraints in user interfaces. C32 does not itself feature the graphical creation and ....

Myers, B., "Graphical Techniques in a Spreadsheet for Specifying User Interfaces," CHI `91, 243249, 1991.

.... systems, but also a number of research languages that extend the paradigm with explicitly visual features, such as support for gestural formula specification [1, 7] graphical types [1, 17] visual matrix manipulation [14] high quality visualizations of complex data [2] and specifying GUIs [8]. In this paper, we use the term spreadsheet languages to describe all such systems following the spreadsheet paradigm. Unfortunately, despite the perceived simplicity of spreadsheet languages, and even though spreadsheet creators devote considerable effort to finding and correcting their errors ....

B. Myers, "Graphical Techniques in a Spreadsheet for Specifying User Interfaces," ACM Conf. Human Factors in Computing Systems, New Orleans, LA, 243-249, April 28 - May 2, 1991.

....tools for problem domains such as: Artificial Life Environments [59] Visual Programming Languages [12, 26, 41, 45, 58, 62, 79, 106] Programmable Drawing Tools [23] Simulation Environments [24, 107, 113, 117] 37 . Games [54] Complex Cellular Automata [112] Spreadsheet Extensions [33, 55, 68, 81, 84, 90, 108] All these domains have the following characteristics in common: They are visual: Certain pertinent aspects of applications in these domains have non textual, visual manifestations. They employ spatial notations: The visual manifestations can be formally interpreted through implicit or ....

Myers, B. A., "Graphical Techniques in a Spreadsheet for Specifying User Interfaces," Proceedings SIGCHI'91, New Orleans, LA, 1991, pp. 243-249.

....in many domain specific areas. For example, there is research into using spreadsheet languages for matrix manipulation problems [33] for providing steerable simulation environments for scientists [7] for high quality visualizations of complex data [9] and for specifying full featured GUIs [21]. Despite the end user appeal of spreadsheet languages and the perceived simplicity of the spreadsheet paradigm, research shows that spreadsheets often contain faults. For example, in an early spreadsheet study, 44 of finished spreadsheets still contained faults [4] A more recent survey of ....

B. Myers. Graphical techniques in a spreadsheet for specifying user interfaces. In ACM CHI '91, pages 243--249, April 1991.

....Agentsheets provides explicit relationships objects, such as links, but it is generally suggested that designers minimize their usage since they generally result in a weaker spatial metaphor. Not only are spreadsheets user interfaces, they can also be employed to design user interfaces [7, 8, 12, 21]. Agentsheets go one step further by unifying the graphical user interfaces to be designed with the design tool. There is no distinction between the model of the artifact to be designed and the model of the tool to design it. 4. EXAMPLE APPLICATIONS Agentsheets is a substrate to build ....

B. A. Myers, "Graphical Techniques in a Spreadsheet for specifying User Interfaces," Proceedings SIGCHI'91, New Orleans, LA, 1991, pp. 243-249.

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Brad A. Myers. Graphical Techniques in a Spreadsheet for Specifying User Interfaces. Human Factors in Computing Systems, Proceedings SIGCHI'91, New Orleans, LA, April, 1991, pp. 243-249.

No context found.

Brad A. Myers. Graphical Techniques in a Spreadsheet for Specifying User Interfaces. Human Factors in Computing Systems, Proceedings SIGCHI'91, New Orleans, LA, April, 1991, pp. 243-249.

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Brad A. Myers. "Graphical Techniques in a Spreadsheet for Specifying User Interfaces," Human Factors in Computing Systems, Proceedings SIGCHI'91. New Orleans, LA, Apr, 1991a. pp. 243-249.

....These systems also use constraints, which are relationships that are declared once and maintained by the system, to tie objects values together. Amulet and Garnet al..so include many other innovations, which are described in various papers [Myers 1989] Myers 1990a] Vander Zanden 1990] Myers 1991b] Myers 1991a] Hashimoto 1992] Myers 1994] Vander Zanden 1994] Vander Zanden 1995b] Myers 1996a] Myers 1996b] Myers 1998] This chapter concentrates on the prototype instance object systems in Garnet and Amulet. In Garnet s and Amulet s prototype instance object systems, there is no concept of a class since ....

....iconic menus for defining the most popular constraints. We have found that these are sufficient for most graphical applications. For more complex constraints, a spreadsheet like tool in Garnet, which is called C32, provides a number of features to help programmers who do not know the exact syntax [Myers 1991a] For example, C32 has menus that will insert commonly used functions. Also, the user can point to objects with the mouse and C32 will insert a reference into the constraint using the correct path expression. We are working on similar tools for Amulet. The use of constraints provides the ....

Brad A. Myers. "Graphical Techniques in a Spreadsheet for Specifying User Interfaces," Human Factors in Computing Systems, Proceedings SIGCHI'91. New Orleans, LA, Apr, 1991a. pp. 243-249.

....can be changed by bringing up the appropriate property menu (e.g. Figure 3. b) Finally, infrequently changed properties of an object, such as the curvature of the rounded corners of a roundtangle, can be modified using C32, Garnet s spreadsheet editor, which shows all the properties of an object [29]. Lapidary allows objects to be aligned using constraints as described in the next section. However, there are occasions when the designer would like objects to be organized into higher level entities that Lapidary 10 editor menu File Edit Properties Arrange Constraints Other Test Build ....

....represented by the iconic constraint menus make up the vast majority of those needed in typical user interfaces. However, when the designer needs a constraint that cannot be expressed using one of the standard constraints, the designer can bring up Garnet s C32 spreadsheet editor (Figure 10) [29] by selecting the Customize buttons in the constraint menus. A formula window for the desired slot will appear in addition to the spreadsheet (Figure 10) The designer is allowed to type in an arbitrary CommonLisp expression specifying the formula. This expression can use conditionals, loops, ....

Brad A. Myers. Graphical Techniques in a Spreadsheet for Specifying User Interfaces. Human Factors in Computing Systems, Proceedings SIGCHI'91, New Orleans, LA, April, 1991, pp. 243-249.

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B. Myers. Graphical techniques in a spreadsheet for specifying user interfaces. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pages 243--249, May 1991.

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B. Myers. Graphical techniques in a spreadsheet for specifying user interfaces. In ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pages 243--249, April 1991.

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B Myers. Graphical techniques in a spreadsheet for specifying user interfaces. In ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, New Orleans, pages 243--249, April 1991.

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B Myers. Graphical techniques in a spreadsheet for specifying user interfaces. In ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, New Orleans, pages 243--249, April 1991.

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Myers, B., "Graphical Techniques In a Spreadsheet For Specifying User Interfaces", Proceedings of ACM CHI'91 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems,, 1991, pp. 243-249.

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