Andrew Ortony, editor. Metaphor and Thought. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2nd edition, 1993.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....of the plans. It shows, which plans are to be performed in sequence, in parallel, etc. It does not deal with temporal issues. In order to make this view easier to understand and remember, a number of metaphors are used for Asbru s concepts. A lot of theory has been produced about metaphors [Ortony, 1993]; but for the purposes of this discussion, a simple classification into three categories shall suffice. The first class of objects that is sometimes called metaphors (and that originally inspired the development of the metaphors used here [Cole and Stewart, 1994] is what is called a glyph in ....

Andrew Ortony, editor (1993). Metaphor and Thought. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2nd edition.

....through intelligent user interfaces. In our approach, end user programming (EUP) mechanisms are cast as abductive processes [14] that operate on figures of speech. Metaphors and metonymies have been chosen because they mirror a natural way of thinking about things we know little or nothing about [15, 16, 17, 21]. Compared to alternative approaches that try to meet major EUP cognitive challenges by progressively disclosing commands and programming structures [6, 7] ours allows users to achieve changes without even knowing that what they want to do is innovative in any sense. This feature is also ....

....our system s models and reasoning processes, and provide examples of interpreting vanishing non literal expressions based on a toy application. 2. EXTENSIONS THROUGH ANALOGIES Many researchers in the field of Cognitive Science agree that we humans think and express ourselves in non literal ways [15, 17, 21]. In particular, we make use of metaphors and metonymies in order to understand or explain a concept in terms of others, by highlighting a concept s characteristics or relations, and hiding others. It is also known that, in order to effectively use this kind of figurative language in our ....

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Ortony, A. (ed., 1993) Metaphor and Thought, 2 nd Edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

....arise from, the manipulation of abstract symbols. Johnson s catalogue of empirical support for this view includes human categorisation behaviour (e.g. Rosch, 1975) concept framing in different cultures reflecting different experiences (e.g. Fillmore, 1975) metaphor, metonymy and polysemy (e.g. Ortony, 1979; Fauconnier, 1985) semantic differences over time, nonwestern conceptual systems, and the growth of knowledge over time (Kuhn, 1970) The idea of two streams of mental activity is implicit in much existing work following the largely cognitivist HCI tradition. Generally, the assumption is that an ....

Ortony, A (ed.)(1979) - 'Metaphor and Thought'. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

....mechanism for fleshing out the particular metaphorical interpretation, in a discourse setting. One can also provide more specific lexical rules, that work on more specific word classes, to capture particular, more specific aspects of metaphorical productivity (cf. Briscoe and Copestake 1991) Ortony (1979) cites a further productive case of metaphor: adjectives which apply to physical objects, can be applied in a metaphorical sense to humans: straight, bent, soft, hard, narrow, broad, and so on. The licensing of these metaphorical uses of adjectives can be represented via a lexical rule, which ....

Ortony, A. [1979] Metaphor and Thought, Cambridge University Press.

....use [Nielsen 1990] is one area where image schemas, due to their presumed culture independence, are likely to be of particular importance. 3. Existing Metaphor Formalizations While there is a vast literature on metaphor and analogy (e.g. Johnson 1981, Lakoff and Johnson 1980, Mac Cormac 1985, Ortony 1979, Vosniadou and Ortony 1989] formal approaches are rare (see [Hall 1989] for a survey and [Indurkhya 1989, Martin 1990] for recent treatments) Most existing formalizations employ traditional knowledge representation formalisms, such as semantic networks, to specify metaphorical domains, but not ....

Ortony, A. 1979. Metaphor and Thought. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.

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Andrew Ortony, editor. Metaphor and Thought. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2nd edition, 1993.

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Andrew Ortony, editor. Metaphor and Thought. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2nd edition, 1993. 13

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Ortony, Andrew (Ed.). Metaphor and Thought. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1993.

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