G. Costagliola, et.al., Automatic generation of visual programming environments, IEEE Computer, vol 28, no. 3, pp. 56-66, March 1995.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....specification. There are many types of grammars such as Positional Grammars [4] Relational Grammars [6] and Constraint Multiset Grammars (CMG) 8] A parser generator, which generates the parser automatically by specifying its grammar, has been investigated. For instance, see SPARGEN [7] VLCC [5], Penguins [3] Eviss [1] and Rainbow [9] CMG is used to provide an interactive system based on the visual language. Penguins, Eviss, and Rainbow are environments that can generate an interactive system. In these systems, figures edited on the attached editor will be analyzed immediately. ....

G. Costagliola, G. Tortora, S. Orerice, and A.D. Lucia, "Automatic Generation of Visual Programming Environments ", IEEE Computer, Vol.28, No.3, pp.56-66, March 1995.

....considered as uni dimensional. The important point is to be able to formalize such syntaxes into grammars suited to generating or parsing structures at a reasonable computing cost. Important advances have been made, concerning relational grammar[17, 16, 7] graph grammar[11] and positional grammar[6] formalisms. These latter seem to be the most tractable, by offering efficient bottom up parsing of unordered visual items while preserving a satisfactory expressive power and simplicity. Fewer works (such as [12, 10] consider the temporal structure of interactive systems, which may be in our ....

....can be shown as rotating, as opposed to inactive, fixed proxies. Related commands such as launching or stopping a proxy should then be introduced according to the representation. The visual parser is not yet automatically generated but can be specified by the following positional grammar (see [6] for the formalism) A DbesidesA Delta(A; Domain) A D Delta(A; D) D domain contains N Delta(D; domain) N Host besidesN Delta(N; Host) N Host Delta(N; Host) Host host contains I Delta(Host; host) I OStype besides CPUtype besides It Delta(I; OStype) It Item besides It ....

G. Costagliola, G. Tortora, S. Orefice, and A. De Lucia. Automatic generation of visual programming environments. IEEE Computer, 28(3):56--66, March 1995.

....for a specific VL. Rekers and Schurr base their language definition on a fixed number of atomic types containing allowed picture objects. Minas and Viehstaedt deals with a textual specification of VLs. G. Costagliola et.all introduced the vlcc environment supporting the visual definition of VLs ([7, 6]) A symbol editor can be used to define terminal and non terminal symbols. The defined symbols are then available within a production editor allowing the definition of context free grammar rules. In contrast, we use algebraic graph grammars which are not restricted to be context free. ....

G. Costagliola, S. Orefice, and A. De Lucia. Automatic Generation of Visual Programming Environments. IEEE Computer, 28(3):56--66, March 1995.

....cannot be represented by conventional grammars and other means of describing programs, and are often described by example. There is, however, an increasing amount of work on grammars for visual syntax; this is particularly relevant to work on automatic generation of visual language parsers, as in [37]. Golin and Reiss [53] for example, use a picture layout grammar. The underlying grammar model is based on multisets to eliminate the ordering implicit in textual grammars. A number of primitive operators specify relationships between pictures for example, the production A contains(B; C) ....

Gennaro Costagliola, Genoveffa Tortora, Sergio Orefice, and Andrea de Lucia. Automatic generation of visual programming environments. IEEE Computer, 28(3):56--66, March 1995.

....cannot be represented by conventional grammars and other means of describing programs, and are often described by example. There is, however, an increasing amount of work on grammars for visual syntax; this is particularly relevant to work on automatic generation of visual language parsers, as in [37]. Golin and Reiss [53] for example, use a picture layout grammar. The underlying grammar model is based on multisets to eliminate the ordering implicit in textual grammars. A number of primitive operators specify relationships between pictures for example, the production A contains(B; C) ....

Gennaro Costagliola, Genoveffa Tortora, Sergio Orefice, and Andrea de Lucia. Automatic generation of visual programming environments. IEEE Computer, 28(3):56-- 66, March 1995.

....described by graph transformation which is again a very natural formalism for this purpose. Many different tools just as formalisms have been proposed supporting the definition of VLs. In contrast to other approaches GENGED allows for the explicit definition of alphabets and grammars for VLs. In [CODL95] the vlcc environment is introduced that supports the visual definition of VLs, too. A symbol editor can be used to define terminal and non terminal symbols. The defined symbols are then available within a production editor allowing the definition of context free positional grammar rules. In ....

G. Costagliola, S. Orefice, and A. De Lucia. Automatic Generation of Visual Programming Environments. IEEE Computer, 28(3):56--66, March 1995.

....manipulation of VLdiagrams by applying grammar rules. Constraint based constraint based Rule and Editor Grammar GENGED Alphabet Editor Test Editor VL grammar VL alphabet Diagram Editor Figure 1 . The GENGED compontents. Parsing facilities as provided by DIAGEN [MV95] or VLCC [CODL95] are still not supported within GENGED. In the opposite, a textual syntax description is the input of DIAGEN and not a visual one. VLCC supports the visual definition of an alphabet but in the current state the grammar must be defined textually. In addition, within a generated diagram editor the ....

G. Costagliola, S. Orefice, and A. De Lucia. Automatic Generation of Visual Programming Environments. IEEE Computer, 28(3):56--66, March 1995.

....expressions. A fundamental issue in such interfaces is habitability: errors in the user interface must be managed, ideally by guiding the user into constructing only interpretable expressions. While visual language parsing might be utilized directly for such a purpose (Golin and Magliery 1993; Costagliola et al. 1995), an alternative is to define mappings from the underlying grammatically based descriptions to procedurally defined editors for creating these descriptions (e.g. Backlund et al. 1990) Relational Grammars: Theory and Practice in a Visual Language Interface for Process Modeling 3 We ourselves ....

Costagliola, G., G. Tortora, S. Orefice, and A. De Lucia. (1995) Automatic Generation of Visual Programming Environments. Computer, March 1995, pp. 56-66.

....systems only provide facilities to create form based graphical user interfaces or are limited to one very application specific visual language or user interface like charting diagrams. On the other hand there exist frameworks for generation and customization of visual language captures like VLCC [4] with graphical rewrite rules for visual language specification. In this paper we present VIVID (Visual Interactive View Development) VIVID provides a general approach for rapid generation of interactive visual interfaces for arbitrary resources managed through databases. The generated visual ....

....language environments with Progres. The visual language is defined by an abstract syntax graph and a spatial relationship graph with graph grammars. The final layout is assigned by the DeltaBlue constraint solver and the Fresco user interface builder. The Visual Language Compiler Compiler (VLCC) [4] supports the automatic generation of environments for visual languages and their manipulation. The visual language is specified by the lexical, syntactical, and semantical definition. The token symbol is first defined by a dedicated symbol editor. The production editor defines visual production ....

G. Costagliola, et.al., Automatic generation of visual programming environments, IEEE Computer, vol 28, no. 3, pp. 56-66, March 1995.

....of objects and their relations which is the strength of the graph based approach. 138 CHAPTER 3. APPLICATION TO VISUAL LANGUAGES A typical example of systems generating visual language editors providing freehand editing and being based on some kind of graph grammar is VLCC by Costagliola et al. [26]. VLCC uses positional grammars [67] as a grammar formalism which is related to graph grammars in special cases and that provides efficient parsing. VLCC comes with a visual specification tool which is used to specify a set of pictorial objects that can be arbitrarily manipulated and connected by ....

G. Costagliola, S. Orefice, and A. De Lucia. Automatic generation of visual programming environments. IEEE computer, pages 56--66, 1995.

....in form of text fields or combo boxes support additional, mostly text oriented, data input and manipulation. On the other hand there are systems for generation of visual interactive systems. They can be distinguished in ffl systems for the generation of visual language environments like VLCC [3, 5], and ffl approaches to the specification and generation of interactive visual interfaces by Dialogue Nets, Petri Nets, UAN (User Action Notation) and ODSN (Object oriented Dialogue Specification Notation) etc. 4, 6] Considering all the above approaches we can generally observe that user ....

G. Costagliola, et.al., Automatic generation of visual programming environments, IEEE Computer, vol 28, no. 3, pp. 56-66, March 1995.

....The Vampire system by McIntyre [8] employs a framework for developing visual programming languages based on transformation rules on iconic graphical objects. Again, there is no notion of grammar which is noted as a deficiency by the author of Vampire. The VLCC system by Costagliola et al. [3] is based on the traditional metacompiler approach to the implementation of visual languages. The underlying grammar model is roughly of the same expressive power as atomic relational grammars. However, our framework based approach appears to be more flexible and open for the implementation of ....

Gennaro Costagliola, Genoveffa Tortora, Sergio Orefice, and Andrea De Lucia. Automatic generation of visual programming environments. Computer, 28(3):56--- 66, 1995.

....There are some systems which try to achieve this, one of them is our system JKogge (see section 2) 1 Some approaches do not separate the symbol definition from the description of the rest of the language like DiaGen [12] using hypergraph grammars including the visual information. VLCC [4] is also a grammar based approach using positional grammars including icons in the grammar rules and a small editor to construct those icons. GenEd [10] offers a set of predefined simple shapes which can be used and combined. VisPro [14] uses graph grammars to describe the visual language, it ....

Gennaro Costagliola, Genoveffa Tortora, Sergio Orefice, and Andrea De Lucia. Automatic Generation of Visual Programming Environments. IEEE Computer, pages 56--66, March 1995.

....sources. In this paper, we discussed how to extract a raw grammar from IBM s references using simple lexical tools and a diagram parser relying on the ASCII encoding of the diagrams [75] For more involved visual notation and or proper graphical encoding, visual language tools might be needed [30, 29, 33]. Note that efficiency is not an issue in the extraction phase because extraction is done only once. Minimum development effort and adaptability are much more important. Generation of browsable grammars is relatively easy to accomplish. It merely means to export grammars in HTML or some other ....

G. Costagliola, G. Tortora, S. Orefice, and A. De Lucia. Automatic Generation of Visual Programming Environments. Computer, 28(3):56--66, March 1995.

....allow for efficient parsing [3, 12] which are not available for plain graph grammars. Arbitrary data structures for semantic representations, e.g. strings, that are used in this paper, have the advantage that they can be customized for common compilers. VLCC (Visual Language Compiler Compiler) [6] is a tool whose approach is related to the approach in this paper. VLCC creates parsers for visual languages. Similar as with textual parsers (e.g. generated by yacc) semantic actions are used to create semantic representations of visual sentences. VLCC depends on positional grammars which ....

G. Costagliola, G. Tortora, S. Orefice, and A. D. Lucia. Automatic generation of visual programming environments. IEEE Computer, 28(3):56--66, Mar. 1995.

....The latter requires an explicit representation of objects and their relations which is the strength of the graph based approach. A typical example of systems generating visual language editors providing freehand editing and being based on some kind of graph grammar is VLCC by Costagliola et al. [76]. VLCC uses positional grammars [8] as a grammar formalism which is related to graph grammars in special cases and that provides efficient parsing. VLCC comes with a visual specification tool which is used to specify a set of pictorial objects that can be arbitrarily manipulated and connected by ....

G. Costagliola, S. Orefice, and A. De Lucia. Automatic generation of visual programming environments. IEEE computer, pages 56--66, 1995.

....evaluating them. Accordingly, we have seen 1 There was much discussion about this during VL 94 (10th VL Symposium) where panels reflected and projected on the success of visual languages. considerable work in the area of visual programming environments (VPEs) 7] as well as in VPE generators [8, 19, 1, 10, 20, 4]. This paper discusses visual language specification and VPE generation based on specifications. Section 2 gives a brief discussion of programming environment generation. Section 3 discusses the picture specification language, Vodl, which is used in defining lexical syntax. Section 4 describes an ....

G. Costagliola, G. Tortora, S. Orefice, and A. D. Lucia. Automatic generation of visual programming environments. ieeec, 28(3):56--67, March 1995.

....and design, but it prescribes the refinement of the object models into relational applications. In this paper we describe a syntactic model of UML diagrams, namely the Extended Positional Grammars [2] The model can be used in conjunction with the visual language compiler of compiler VLCC [3] to rapidly generate a compiler and a syntax driven editor for the UML diagrams. This also allows us to rapidly implement new transformations of the diagrams by specifying semantic routines in VLCC. In this way we can easily implement new software development processes based on the UML diagrams, ....

....Evaluator PE is a materialization function which transforms an internal representation of a visual sentence into the corresponding external representation. 4 Constructing OMAR Front End CASE Tools through Visual Languages This section shows how the Visual Language Compiler of Compiler (VLCC) [3], 4] has been used as a meta case for generating OMAR front end CASE tools. VLCC is a grammar based system that can support the implementation of graphical objects, syntax, and semantics of many types of visual languages. 4.1 A Visual Grammar for UML Diagrams In this section we describe how the ....

G. Costagliola, G. Tortora, S. Orefice, A. De Lucia, "Automatic Generation of Visual Programming Environments", IEEE Software, vol. 98, no. 3, March 1995.

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G. Costagliola, et.al., Automatic generation of visual programming environments, IEEE Computer, vol 28, no. 3, pp. 56-66, March 1995.

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G. Costagliola, G. Tortora, S. Orefice, and A. D. Lucia. Automatic generation of visual programming environments. Computer, 28(3):56--66, 1995.

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