V. Bruce, Recognizing Faces. Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1988.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....has attracted much attention in several disciplines, including psychology, computer vision, and computer graphics. Psychophysical investigations clearly indicate that faces are very special visual stimulii. Psychologists have studied various aspects of human face perception and recognition [5] [3]. They have also examined facial expression the result of a confluence of voluntary muscle articulations that deform the neutral face into an expressive face. The facial pose space is immense. The face is capable of generating on the order of 55 000 distinguishable facial expressions with about ....

V. Bruce, Recognizing Faces. Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1988.

....Recognition of six facial expressions, as well as eye blinking, on a large set of image sequences is reported. 1 Introduction Human visual communication has been extensively studied in the social and psychology literature, mainly as a means to describe the emotional state of the sub ject [3,5,11,15]. Research in psychology has indicated that at least six emotions are universally associated with distinct facial expressions. Several other emotions, and many combinations of emotions, have been studied but remain unconfirmed as universally distinguishable. The six principle emotions are: ....

V. Bruce, Recognizing Faces, Lawrence Erlbaum Assoc., London, 1988.

....more interesting is that movement seems to provide a benefit even if the information content is equated in dynamic and static conditions. On the other hand, experiments with unfamiliar faces suggest no additional benefit from viewing animated rather than static sequences. ffl Facial expression[29]: Based on neurophysiological studies, it seems that analysis of facial expressions is accomplished in parallel to face recognition. Some prosopagnosic patients, who have difficulties in identifying familiar faces, nevertheless seem to recognize facial expressions due to emotions. Patients who ....

V. Bruce, Recognizing Faces, London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1988.

....changes (e.g. facial hair like beard or mustasch) we address the problem of identifying subjects from the eyes only. There is a significant amount of evidence from psychophysics which support the theory that humans make use of local features (such as the eyes) when recognizing other individuals [1]. And indeed, several current face recognition systems are based on local features as well as global (holistic) features. The eigenface approach, developed by Turk et al. 12] was further developed in [8] to include eigenfeatures such as eigeneyes, eigennose and eigenmouth. This improved ....

V. Bruce. Recognizing Faces. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, London, 1988.

....of time (commonly 250 milliseconds) and then determine whether or not the viewer was able to pick out the unique element. Sophisticated image processing systems have been used to manipulate various facial features, and have shown how sensitive humans actually are to tiny variations in stimuli [Br88]. To some, small movement in the mouth or eyes can create the impression of an entirely new person [Mu98] With all of this in mind, it appears that humans are able to detect changes in facial features and are able to quickly focus on certain features. The problem we chose to investigate is ....

Bruce, Vicki, Recognizing Faces, pp. 4247, 1988.

....to whom correspondance should be made. mustasch) we address the problem of identifying subjects from the eyes only. There is a significant amount of evidence from psychophysics which support the theory that humans make use of local features (such as the eyes) when recognizing other individuals [1]. And indeed, several current face recognition systems are based on local features as well as global (holistic) features. The eigenface approach, developed by Turk et al. 12] was further developed in [8] to include eigenfeatures such as eigeneyes, eigennose and eigenmouth. This improved ....

V. Bruce. Recognizing Faces. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, London, 1988.

....Recognition of six facial expressions, as well as eye blinking, on a large set of image sequences is reported. 1 Introduction Human visual communication has been extensively studied in the social and psychology literature, mainly as a means to describe the emotional state of the subject [3,5,11,15]. Research in psychology has indicated that at least six emotions are universally associated with distinct facial expressions. Several other emotions, and many combinations of emotions, have been studied but remain unconfirmed as universally distinguishable. The six principle emotions are: ....

V. Bruce, Recognizing Faces, Lawrence Erlbaum Assoc., London, 1988.

....transmission of facial data, and face recognition from dynamic imagery. Visual communication has been extensively studied in the psychology literature, mainly as a means of describing the emotional, cognitive and physical states of subjects and the role they play in social interactions [BRU88, DAV75, EKM73, SCH84, YOU89]. Ekman and Friesen [EKM75] classified facial signals into three types: static (such as skin color) slow (such as permanent wrinkles) and rapid (such as raising the eyebrows) The rapid facial signals can be further classified as conveying emotional, emblematic, manipulator, illustrator, and ....

....appropriate muscles, a difficult image analysis problem since the muscle units correspond to smooth, featureless surfaces of the face. Furthermore, it builds on a model that is suitable for synthesizing facial expressions but remains untested in analysis of facial expressions (for more details see [BRU88]) Mase s bottom up approach tessellated the area of the face with rectangular regions over which feature vectors derived from an optical flow computation are computed. The feature vectors are defined over a 15 dimensional space that is based on the means and variances of the optical flow. The ....

V. Bruce, Recognizing Faces, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, London, 1988.

....faces to the representation of objects in general. While determining the class of an object is sufficient for most object recognition tasks, face recognition usually involved identifying an individual, which may require a more precise metrical representation of the spatial relationships of parts (Bruce, 1988). Therefore the available data do not indicate the extent to which the spatial organization of parts of objects other than faces are explicitly represented. Implementational issues The finding that certain cells respond selectively to particular stimuli might at first seem to imply local ....

Bruce, V. (1988). Recognizing Faces. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ.

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V. Bruce. Recognizing Faces. Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, 1988.

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Bruce, V., Recognizing Faces, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, London, 1988.

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V. Bruce, Recognizing Faces, Lawrence Erlbaum, 1988.

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V. Bruce, Recognizing Faces, Lawrence Erlbaum, 1988.

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