Hwang, C.L., and Lin, M.J., Group Decision Making under Multiple Criteria: Methods and Applications, Springer-Verlag, 1987  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....task and tool. The task level suggests which generic GDSS module is most adequate to carry out an activity. It defines four generic modules: creative confrontation, polling of experts participation, systematic structuring, and implementing and controlling. This classification was adopted from Hwang and Lin (1987). Although Hwang and Lin define an additional simulation module, we excluded it from our model given that it is not supported by the generic purpose GDSS cited in this paper. Meetingprepa Tool 10 The tool level supplies more details about tool recommendations. It uses knowledge about specific ....

Hwang, C. and Lin, M. (1987). Group decision making under multiple criteria: Methods and applications. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

....for the divergent zone. Finally, a strategy can consist of one or more activities. As an example, we find in the explore the territory strategy a sequence of activities characterised as who, what, when, where and how (each activity identifies who is involved, what must be done and so forth) [Hwang and Lin 1987] divide the decision making process in four phases: extraction, exploration, selection and execution. The authors also propose an interesting classification of problem solving purposive methods (computational or not) to implement the above phases: creative confrontation, polling of ....

....in the product life cycle. The Kaner s model was extended in order to embrace two new levels of abstraction: task level and tool level. Both levels are intended to smoothly approximate the high level decision making design towards the actual process instantiation. The task level borrows the [Hwang and Lin 1987] characterisation of computational methods in five categories, but excludes simulation, given that such task is not addresses by the GDSS cited in this paper. The tool level directly maps tasks into GDSS tools such as brainstorming, topic commenter, categorizer, etc. This final level is the only ....

HWANG, C., LIN, M. (1987). Group decision making under multiple criteria: Methods and applications. Springer-Verlag.

....in the product life cycle. The above model was extended in order to embrace two new levels of abstraction: task level and tool level. Both levels are intended to smoothly approximate the high level decision making planning towards the actual process instantiation. The task level borrows the [12] characterisation of computational methods in five categories, creative confrontation, polling of experts participation, systematic structuring, simulation, implementing and controlling, but excludes simulation, given that such task is not addressed by the GDSS cited in this paper. The tool level ....

. Hwang, C. and Lin, M., 1987. Group decision making under multiple criteria: Methods and applications. Springer-Verlag. 1987.

....Figure 3: Criteria for Problem Matching Techniques. information related with the organization: the organizational structure, flows of information, hierarchies of power, formalized procedures. Some examples of techniques for group interaction are: Brainstorming (free wheeling idea generation) [25, 14, 24], Nominal Group Technique (structured group consensus) 31, 14] Cognitive Maps (representations of person s beliefs) 5, 11] Delphi (generation of suggestions and clustering of alternatives) 32, 28] Interpretive Structural Modeling (structuring of collective knowledge) 18] Dealmaking ....

....related with the organization: the organizational structure, flows of information, hierarchies of power, formalized procedures. Some examples of techniques for group interaction are: Brainstorming (free wheeling idea generation) 25, 14, 24] Nominal Group Technique (structured group consensus) [31, 14], Cognitive Maps (representations of person s beliefs) 5, 11] Delphi (generation of suggestions and clustering of alternatives) 32, 28] Interpretive Structural Modeling (structuring of collective knowledge) 18] Dealmaking (mediated negotiations) 17] A more complete catalog of the different ....

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C. Hwang andM. Lin. Group Decision Making underMultiple Criteria: Methods and Applications. Springer-Verlag, 1987.

....requirements, the server must run on a Unix machine. EXAMPLE In order to illustrate the system previously described in usage, we present an example application. This application is intended to allow users to generate and organise ideas, using a technique similar to the brainstorming technique [20][26] The requirements of this application are: A public space is necessary to increase synergy, by allowing users to observe ideas already generated by the group. Users can freely generate ideas in their private or public spaces. Ideas can be moved from private to public spaces. Ideas can ....

C. Hwang and M. Lin. Group Decision Making under Multiple Criteria. Springer-Verlag. 1987.

....extended in order to embrace two new levels of abstraction: task level and tool level. Both levels are intended to smoothly approximate the high level process design towards the actual process instantiation. The task level uses a generic characterisation of GDSS support developed by Hwang and Lin [9]. The tool level directly maps these tasks into GDSS tools such as brainstorming, topic commenter, categorizer, and so forth. This final level is the only one dependent from the particular GDSS used (currently, GroupSystems and Meeting Works) In Table 1 we present a table descriptive of the ....

. Hwang, C., Lin, M. (1987). Group decision making under multiple criteria. Springer-Verlag. 1987.

.... a special purpose behavioral science technique that is adequate to situations where individual ideas and judgments need to be tapped but where a group consensus is the desired outcome [34] Other characteristics include: single problem, structured approach, limited argumentation, limited conflicts [16]. The technique per se does not involve any computer support. The NGT meetings have the following steps: ffl Introduction of the meeting (by the moderator) ffl Individual and silent generation of written ideas. ffl Round robin feedback of ideas, which means going around the table asking for ....

....The NGTool does not provide face to face interactions neither video or audio counterparts. One question that is relevant is whether these characteristics are fundamental to the success of the NGT. From our point of view, the technique does not allow for extensive interactions. As said in [16], the term nominal means silent and independent. Ideas are created silently and limited to some few words, round robin idea proposals are not discussed, only clarifications and final discussion require more interaction. Even then, the avoidance of conflicts and a strong control from the ....

C. Hwang and M. Lin. Group Decision Making under Multiple Criteria: Methods and Applications. Springer-Verlag, 1987.

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Hwang, C.L., and Lin, M.J., Group Decision Making under Multiple Criteria: Methods and Applications, Springer-Verlag, 1987

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Hwang C.L., Lin M.J. (1987), Group Decision Making under Multiple Criteria: Methods and Applications, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

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C.Hwang and M.Lin. Group Decision Making under Multiple Criteria: Methods and Applications, Springer-Verlag, 1987.

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C.L. Hwang and M.J. Lin, Group decision-making Under Multiple Criteria, Springer Verlag, New-York 1987 .

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