C. H. Bennett. Quantum cryptography using any two nonorthogonal states. Physical Review Letters, 68(21):3121-3124, 1992.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   APS   Related Articles   Check

....tappa iro.umontreal.ca. Part of this research was done while working at Department of Combinatorics and Optimization, University of Waterloo and McGill University. 1 Introduction For a long time, the expression quantum cryptography primarily referred to the quantum key distribution protocols [4, 3, 12]. However, these words now refer to a larger set of problems involving both classical and quantum data. Quantum key distribution and many other quantum protocols attempt to provide improved security for tasks involving classical information. An emerging division of quantum cryptography instead ....

C. H. Bennett, "Quantum Cryptography using any two nonorthogonal states", Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 68, 1992, 3121 -- 3124.

....e mail: tappa iro.umontreal.ca. Part of this research was done while working at Department of Combinatorics and Optimization, University of Waterloo and McGill University. 1 Introduction Until recently, the expression quantum cryptography referred mostly to quantum key distribution protocols [5, 4, 13]. However, these words now refer to a larger set of problems. While QKD and many other quantum protocols attempt to provide improved security for tasks involving classical information, an emerging area of quantum cryptography attempts instead to create secure protocols for tasks involving quantum ....

C. H. Bennett, "Quantum Cryptography using any two nonorthogonal states", Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 68, 1992, 3121 -- 3124.

.... by Wiesner (1970) and by Bennett and Brassard (1984) 89] ffl EPR type: Cryptosystems with encoding built upon quantum entanglement and the Bell Theorem proposed by Ekert (1990) 42] ffl B type: Cryptosystems with encoding based on two non orthogonal state vectors proposed by Bennett (1992) [3]. 34 A BB quantum cryptosystem can be explained using the following simple example. The system includes a transmitter, Alice, and a receiver, Bob. Alice may use the transmitter to send photons in one of four polarisations: 0, 45, 90, or 135 degrees. Bob at the other end uses the receiver to ....

C. H. Bennett. Quantum cryptography using any two nonorthogonal states. Phys. Rev. Lett., 68 (1992), 3121-3124.

.... information using quantum two level systems (qubits) instead of classical bits, has lead to many surprising results such as exponentially fast quantum algorithms, teleportation of unknown states, and quantum cryptography which was originated by Wiesner, Bennett, and Brassard (see for instance [2, 3, 4, 5, 6]. Quantum key distribution was invented in 1984 [3] to 1 provide a new type of solution to one of the most important cryptographic problems: the transmission of secret messages. A key distributed via quantum cryptography techniques can be secure even against an eavesdropper with unlimited ....

C. H. Bennett, Quantum cryptography using any two nonorthogonal states, Phys. Rev. Lett., 68(1992), 3121--3124. 21

....a private key of size O(m s) which is optimal for schemes which provide both encryption and authentication. Keywords. Authentication, quantum information. 1 Introduction For a long time, the expression Quantum Cryptography primarily referred to the Quantum Key Distribution protocols [4, 3, 9]. However, these words nowadays refer to a larger set of problems involving quantum data, such as encryption or authentication of quantum messages. This paper is concerned with this last problem. A key ingredient behind most recent work in quantum cryptography is the concept of quantum ....

C. H. Bennett, "Quantum Cryptography using any two nonorthogonal states", Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 68, 1992, 3121 -- 3124.

....but only to produce high delity representatives of the correct sequence of states. Hence, even in the visible case, the problem is not one of classical coding information theory. The visible case (for pure states) occurs, for example, in quantum cryptographic protocols (e.g. BB84 [13] and B92 [14]) where the sender (Alice) is also the state preparer. 3 Coding Decoding Schemes and their Fidelity Let H d denote the space of all d dimensional states. Given any physical system in state , quantum mechanics allows only the following three types of operations: OP1) A unitary ....

C. H. Bennett, \Quantum cryptography using any two nonorthogonal states," Physical Review Letters, vol. 68, pp. 3121-3124, 1992.

....but only to produce high fidelity representatives of the correct sequence of states. Hence, even in the visible case, the problem is not one of classical coding information theory. The visible case (for pure states) occurs, for example, in quantum cryptographic protocols (e.g. BB84 [13] and B92 [14]) where the sender (Alice) is also the state preparer. 3 Coding Decoding Schemes and their Fidelity Let H d denote the space of all d dimensional states. Given any physical system in state ae, quantum mechanics allows only the following three types of operations: ffl (OP1) A unitary ....

C. H. Bennett, "Quantum cryptography using any two nonorthogonal states," Physical Review Letters, vol. 68, pp. 3121--3124, 1992.

....one or the other of two orthogonal subspaces then the information about which of the orthogonal subspaces the state lies in can be gathered without disturbance. This fact underlies some important applications of quantum mechanics in information processing, notably quantum key distribution [1] [2] and other forms of quantum cryptography. The goal of this paper is to quantify the tradeoff between information gained and disturbance to the system, and derive general features of that tradeoff. In introductory presentations of quantum theory, it is often stated that when a quantum system is ....

C. H. Bennett, "Quantum cryptography using any two nonorthogonal states," Physical Review Letters, vol. 68, pp. 3121--3124, 1992.

....be used to implement a quantum cryptography protocol whose security was based on Bell s inequalities. Starting in 1989, Bennett, Brassard and collaborators demonstrated that QKD was potentially practical by constructing a working prototype system for the BB84 protocol, using polarized photons. [6] Although the propagation distance was only about 30 cm, this experiment is in several ways still the most thorough demonstration of quantum cryptography. In 1992 Bennett published a minimal QKD scheme ( B92 ) and proposed that it could be implemented using single photon interference with ....

....by Bob, and so they could be passively monitored by Eve. However, it is possible to overcome this problem and generate a secure key by using non orthogonal quantum states as the tokens. Several QKD protocols have been developed, but for simplicity we shall describe the minimal B92 QKD protocol[6] in terms of the preparation and measurement of single photon polarization states. We will first review some of the salient features of the quantum mechanics of polarized light. In classical physics light of a single color is described by an electromagnetic field in which electric and magnetic ....

C. H. Bennett, "Quantum Cryptography Using Any Two Non-Orthogonal States," Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 3121 (1992).

.... Salvail [30] 3 Alternative Proposals Most working prototypes that we are aware of implement the original 1984 quantum key distribution protocol [4] henceforth called BB84, sometimes with the possibility of implementing also Bennett s simplified protocol based on only two nonorthogonal states [2], henceforth called B92. They use either photon polarization (as originally proposed in [4] or phase and interferometry (as in [2] Although not yet implemented to the best of our knowledge, other carriers of quantum information have been proposed for implementing BB84 and B92. To cite only two ....

....protocol [4] henceforth called BB84, sometimes with the possibility of implementing also Bennett s simplified protocol based on only two nonorthogonal states [2] henceforth called B92. They use either photon polarization (as originally proposed in [4] or phase and interferometry (as in [2]) Although not yet implemented to the best of our knowledge, other carriers of quantum information have been proposed for implementing BB84 and B92. To cite only two examples, Yi Mu proposed the use of quantized quadrature phase amplitudes of light [62] and Hrub y studied the use of q deformed ....

Bennett, C. H., "Quantum cryptography using any two nonorthogonal states", Physical Review Letters, Vol. 68, no. 21, 25 May 1992, pp. 3121 -- 2124.

....exponential ( N ) number of Turing machine steps, with some definitions of the word simulate. Peter Shor [shor94] has shown that that is true, assuming integer factoring is superpolynomially hard. Deutsch has also claimed that the use of certain quantum mechanical devices [benn92a] benn92b] [benn92c] [benn93] gives capabilities to Turing machines with random number generators, which they would not otherwise have. Specifically, two Turing machines A and B equipped with this device may communicate in such a way that eavesdropping is statistically impossible, in the sense that any eavesdropper ....

Charles H. Bennett. Quantum cryptography using any two nonorthogonal states. Phys. Rev. Lett., May 1992.

.... proof of principle demonstration of secure quantum key exchange over short distances of free space [2] Since this original experiment progress towards practical applications has been rapid, with several studies showing the feasibility of using the technique over long distances in optical fibres [3 6]. We have recently taken this work a step further with the demonstration of a prototype system at BT laboratories that is capable of key transfer over distances of 10km in optical fibre at potential data rates of 20kbits s [7] With the expected improvements in single photon detector technology ....

....of the type any to any and any to many can occur. In contrast, the conventional application of quantum cryptography is to establish a secret key between a single transmitter and receiver pair joined by a fibre link as shown in figure 1a, and the quantum cryptography protocols developed to date [2, 3, 8 10] have been designed to protect this type of one to one communication. In this Letter we describe how multi user operation can be achieved on fibre distributed networks, with a variety of architectures, by means of simple adaptations of the original protocols and equipment configurations. The ....

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BENNETT, C. H.: 'Quantum cryptography using any two nonorthogonal states', Phys. Rev. Lett.., 1992, 68, pp. 3121-3124

.... Protocols based EPR and Bell s theorem exploit the properties of quantum correlated particles [10] A further simplified protocol which does not use Bell s inequality has been proposed by Bennett et al.[8] Although there are some other interesting protocols, for instance, by photon interferometry[4], teleporting [7] rejected data[2] and so on, the BB protocol and Ekert s protocol are the most typical models in quantum cryptography. Recently, it has been shown that without using polarised photons one can also achieve a secure quantum cryptographic protocol [11] This system is based on an ....

Bennett, C. H.: Quantum cryptography using any two nonorthogonal states. Phys. Rev. Lett. 68 (1992) 3121--3124.

....cryptography. However, this secret key exchange for authentication need only be done once. Thereafter, a portion of the secure key communicated via a quantum protocol can be used for authentication. 5 The B92 quantum cryptographic protocol As with the BB84 quantum protocol, the B92 protocol [7] can be described in terms of any quantum system represented by a two dimensional Hilbert space. For our description, we choose the two dimensional Hilbert space H representing the polarization states of a single photon. B92 can be implemented in terms of any non orthogonal basis. We choose as ....

....Alice uses the quantum alphabet A to send her random binary sequence to Bob. Since j i and fi fi ff are not orthogonal, there is no one experiment that will unambiguously distinguish between these two polarization states. Bob can use one of many possible measurement strategies. Bennett [7] suggests the measurements be based on the two incompatible experiments corresponding to the projection operators P: 1 Gamma j i h j and P : 1 Gamma fi fi ff Omega fi fi In this case, Bob either correctly detects Alice s transmitted bit, or an ambiguous result, i.e. an erasure, ....

Bennett, Charles H., Quantum cryptography using any two nonorthogonal states, Physical Review Letters, Vol. 68, No. 21, 25 May 1992, pp 3121 - 3124.

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C. H. Bennett. Quantum cryptography using any two nonorthogonal states. Physical Review Letters, 68(21):3121-3124, 1992.

No context found.

C.H. Bennett. Quantum cryptography using any two nonorthogonal states. Phys. Rev. Lett., 68(21):3121-3124, 1992.

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C.H. Bennett. Quantum cryptography using any two nonorthogonal states. Phys. Rev. Lett., 68:3121, 1992.

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Charles H. Bennett. Quantum cryptography using any two nonorthogonal states. Phys. Rev. Lett., 68(21):3121-3124, 1992.

No context found.

C. H. Bennett, "Quantum Cryptography Using Any Two Non-Orthogonal States," Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 3121 (1992).

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