Carpenter, B. (1994), `Quantification and scoping: a deductive account'. Proceedings 13th West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics. San Diego.  Home/Search   Document Details and Download   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....# np s # s np, np s # s ( L) np # np s # s np, np s # s ( L) np, np s) s, x : np ,np s # u : s ( L) y : s # y : s np, np s) s, someone:q(np,s,s) np s # y[someone(#x.u) y] s (qL) 25 u = thinks(left(x) k) y[someone(#x.u) y] someone(#x. thinks(left(x) k) Carpenter [Carpenter 94, Carpenter 96] offers an in depth discussion of the empirical range of the binding connective as compared with competing approaches to quantification, and an extension with a treatment of plurals. Notice finally the different heuristic qualities of the connective based and the rule based ....

Carpenter, B. (1994), `Quantification and scoping: a deductive account'. Proceedings 13th West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics. San Diego.

.... Gamma; Gamma 0 . Since the choice of how to match the context Delta; Delta 0 in particular cases need not be fixed, these rules provide a natural way to deal with quantifier scope ambiguities. For a thorough examination of the empirical coverage afforded by these rules, see Carpenter [3, 4]. Nevertheless, this approach is not entirely satisfactory: the rules are not complete for the intended interpretation. One way to see this, as Herman Hendriks observed, is to try to derive the valid transition np s ) np npns . Another way is to try to derive the identity axiom for this type ....

Carpenter, B. (1994), `Quantification and scoping: a deductive account'. Proceedings 13th West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics. San Diego.

....approach to semantic computation; they employed what [1] referred to as a rule by rule approach, in which there is a tight connection between syntactic rules and semantic rules, with a correspondence between syntactic categories and semantic types. Modern resource logic approaches (e.g. [2, 5, 6, 7]) have recast such rules in a more general and elegant deductive system, but remain faithful to retaining a correspondence between syntax and semantic deduction; as [6] puts it, the proof terms 1 These structures are simplified, and do not take into account the full treatment of quantifiers ....

....x y) e s : likes x y ne s : 8u[ student u) likes u y] e 1 s : 9w[ course w) 8u[ student u) likes u w] e 2 Figure 4: Derivation of reading (2b) associated with categorial derivations relate structural composition in a systematic way to the composition of meaning. 2 For example, [2] and [7] present a natural deduction form of quantifier elimination, illustrated in Figure 2, which uses hypothetical reasoning to allow a quantifier to take scope at a later point in the derivation. The two readings (2) are derived by the different orders of discharging the quantifiers, as shown ....

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Bob Carpenter. Quantification and scoping: A deductive account. 1994.

....the terms A and B is syntactically specified according to the specific operator. forms provided that all the other five readings were available. Incidentally, the need to embed this kind of a logical condition in a system has also been pursued in much subsequent work including Keller (1988) Carpenter (1989; 1994), Pereira (1989; 1990) We should also point out that this kind of condition is needed in one form or another in order to explain natural language pronouns as bound variables. This is a separate issue, however. We claim that in addition to the unavailable reading (f) there is another reading, or ....

....two judges. b) A picture of most monuments of every student s pleased exactly two judges. The translation (a) has a certain uniqueness (or saliency) condition imposed by the definite article the. Such a condition is not present in (b) which only requires the existence of each such picture. Carpenter (1994) assumed that the NP every kid s toy can mean either the same toy or different toys for kids, implicitly endorsing the translation (a) However, we can not take this as evidence for a genuine semantic ambiguity, since the two meanings (within the translation (a) and similarly within the ....

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Carpenter, Bob. 1994. Quantification and Scoping: A Deductive Account. manuscript.

.... of (18) np ) np s ) s np; npns ) s (nL) np ) np s ) s np; npns ) s (nL) np; npns) s; x : np ; npns ) u : s ( L) y : s ) y : s np; npns) s; someone:q(np; s; s) npns ) y[someone(x:u) y] s (qL) u = thinks(left(x) k) y[someone(x:u) y] someone(x:thinks(left(x) k) Carpenter [Carpenter 94, Carpenter 96] offers an in depth discussion of the empirical range of the binding connective as compared with competing approaches to quantification, and an extension with a treatment of plurals. Notice finally the different heuristic qualities of the connective based and the rule based ....

Carpenter, B. (1994), `Quantification and scoping: a deductive account'. Proceedings 13th West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics. San Diego.

.... of (7) np ) np s ) s np; npns ) s (nL) np ) np s ) s np; npns ) s (nL) np; npns) s; x : np ; npns ) u : s ( L) y : s ) y : s np; npns) s; someone:q(np; s; s) npns ) y[someone(x:u) y] s (qL) 9) u = thinks(left(x) j) y[someone(x:u) y] someone(x:thinks(left(x) j) Carpenter [1, 2] offers an in depth discussion of the empirical range of the binding connective as compared with competing approaches to quantification (such as Cooper storage or LFG style type driven interpretation) and he puts to use the binding connective in a treatment of plurals and collectivity. It may be ....

Carpenter, B. (1994), `Quantification and scoping: a deductive account'. Proceedings

....different orders of quantifier retrieval generate different readings of the sentence. More recently, ambiguity has been captured by exploiting non determinism in deductive semantic construction systems, exemplified by the constraint based semantics project [DLPS96] and Carpenter s categorial logic [Car94]. However, systems are required which, as well as capturing ambiguity, should underspecify meaning. We characterise underspecification as a pair of requirements: 1. the meaning of a sentence should be represented in a way that is not committed to any one of the possible (intended) meanings of the ....

B. Carpenter. Quantification and scoping: A deductive account. In Proceedings of the 13th West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics. CSLI Press., 1994.

....how micro conversational events combine into larger units. This idea can be formulated most perspicuously by adopting the view of the connection between grammar and scope assignment developed in recent proposals in the Categorial Grammar framework, in particular (Pereira, 1990; Moortgat, 1990; Carpenter, 1994; Carpenter, 1996) In this work, the tight connection between operator scopes and derivations adopted in Montague Grammar is resurrected. This version of categorial grammar includes, in addition to the usual inference schemes, a SCOPING CONSTRUCTOR that accounts for the way quantified NPs ....

Carpenter, B. 1994. Quantification and scoping: a deductive account. In Proc. of the 13th West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics.

....he looking for. More will be said about this type of examples in section 4. In the meantime, a bibliographical note is in place: although many works deal with WS disjunction in intensional contexts as in (19) a non exhaustive list: Rooth Partee(1982) Larson(1985) Hendriks(1993) Emms(1993) Carpenter(1994), Moltmann(1992) neither of these studies provides evidence for WS or in extensional contexts as in (7) 8) 13) 18) The fact that WS or is not attested in these cases calls for an explanation. The distinctions found between the scope of conjunction and disjunction are summarized in the ....

Carpenter, B.(1994), "Quantification and scoping: a deductive account", to appear in B. Carpenter, Lectures on Type Logical Semantics, MIT Press.

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Carpenter, B.(1994b), "Quantification and scoping: a deductive account", to appear in B.

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Carpenter, B. (1994b), "Quantification and scoping: a deductive account", to appear in B. Carpenter, Lectures on Type Logical Semantics, MIT Press.

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