H. Zhang and E. Knightly, "RED-VBR: A renegotiation-based approach to support delaysensitive VBR video," ACM Multimedia system Journal, May 1997.  Home/Search   Document Details and Download   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....from disk to buffer. It can reduce the difference in block reading times by reducing the differences in block sizes, which results in high disk utilization. There are two kinds of traffic smoothing techniques statistical smoothing and deterministic smoothing. Statistical smoothing schemes[10] [11], 12] find the characteristics of the VBR traffic, establish a traffic model and suggest a statistical rate bound of the modeled traffic. Deterministic smoothing schemes[8] 13] 14] 7] use the object s characteristics before transmitting the VBR object. They assume stored video and cannot be ....

H. Zhang and E.W. Knightly, "Red-vbr: a renegotiation-based approach to support delay-sensitive vbr video," ACM Multimedia Systems, vol. 5, pp. 16z1-176, May 1997.

....streams. The main questions to face in this case are the tradeoff between the delay introduced at the shaper and the available information on the traffic to be transmitted and the effectiveness and the complexity of traffic prediction. A solution for shaping with limited packet loss is proposed in [9]. The shaping is based on the BIND characterization. The BIND parameters are continuously updated as the statistical properties of the stream change, which seems to be a rather complex process considering the real time operation. In [12] the authors study statistically identical, peak rate ....

H. Zhang and E. W. Knightly, "RED-VBR: A Renegotiationbased Approach to Support Delay-Sensitive VBR Video," ACM Multimedia system Journal, May 1997.

....is the PCR unaware scheme, in which no distinction is made for packets containing PCR values; this may introduce significant jitter for PCR values during the encapsulation. A wide range of proposals has been made for selecting the type of service under which MPEG 2 is to be transported over ATM [10 13]. For constant bit rate MPEG 2 streams, the CBR class of service is the natural choice. However, even in this case, the QoS provided by the ATM network may influence the overall quality significantly. For the variable bit rate case, the following approaches have been proposed: CBR : The stream ....

....reserves bandwidth according to its peak rate requirement. VBR: Bandwidth is allocated according to the effective bandwidth [14 18] of the stream. Statistical service with rate renegotiation: This service tries to maximize the multiplexing gain by capturing the VBR nature of MPEG 2 [10, 13]. According to this approach, the effective bandwidth of the source during a pre determined interval is used to allocate resources in the network. If sufficient resources are not available the quality is degraded and in that sense, the service is statistical. This requires an algorithm to ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

H. Zhang and E. W. Knightly, "RED-VBR: A RenegotiationBased Approach to Support Delay-Sensitive VBR Video," Proc. 5th Int'l. Wksp. Network and Operating System Support for Digital Audio and Video (NOSSDAV '95), Durham, New Hampshire, Apr. 1995.

....not standardized yet, may offer an alternative in the future for transport of VBR MPEG 2 traffic. AAL2 will provide support for clock synchronization and superior error control. Different proposals have been made for selecting the type of service under which MPEG 2 is to be transported over ATM [27, 36, 47, 76]. For constant bit rate MPEG 2 streams, the CBR class of service is the natural choice. Even in this case, the scheduling algorithm employed by the switches may influence the overall quality significantly. For the variable bit rate case, three main approaches have been proposed. The statistical ....

....the scheduling algorithm employed by the switches may influence the overall quality significantly. For the variable bit rate case, three main approaches have been proposed. The statistical service with rate renegotiation tries to maximize the multiplexing gain by capturing the VBR nature of MPEG 2 [27, 76]. According to this approach, the effective bandwidth of the source during a specific interval is used in order to allocate resources in the network. If enough resources are not available the quality gets degraded and in that sense, the service is statistical. The rate is renegotiated in the long ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

H. Zhang and E. W. Knightly. RED-VBR: A renegotiation-based approach to support delay-sensitive VBR video. to appear in ACM/Sringer-Verlag Multimedia Systems Journal.

....is the PCR unaware scheme, where no distinction is made for packets containing PCR values; this may introduce significant jitter for PCR values during the encapsulation. A wide range of proposals has been made for selecting the type of service under which MPEG 2 is to be transported over ATM [31, 39, 48, 81]. For constant bit rate MPEG 2 streams, the CBR class of service is the natural choice. However, even in this case, the QoS provided by the ATM network may influence the overall quality significantly. For the variable bit rate case, three main approaches have been proposed. The statistical service ....

....this case, the QoS provided by the ATM network may influence the overall quality significantly. For the variable bit rate case, three main approaches have been proposed. The statistical service with rate renegotiation tries to maximize the multiplexing gain by capturing the VBR na ture of MPEG 2 [31, 81]. According to this approach, the effective bandwidth of the source during a pre determined interval is used to allocate resources in the network. If sufficient resources are not available the quality is degraded and in that sense, the service is statisti cal. This requires an algorithm to ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

H. Zhang and E. W. Knightly, "RED-VBR: A renegotiation-based approach to support delay-sensitive VBR video," in Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Network and Operating System Support for Digital Audio and Video (NOSSDAV'95), Durham, New Hampshire, April 1995.

....is requested to refresh the reservation at given times. However, this is not intended as a mechanism for modifying the reservation parameters only, but rather as the general approach for managing the reservation state in routers and hosts [15] Renegotiable VBR services are also studied in [22] [23], 24]# there the focus is on describing a given traffic with as few leaky buckets as possible, and thus applies to the optimization of a network offering the RVBR service. In contrast, our approach focuses on the customer side of the RVBR service, and provides an analysis of the various tradeoffs ....

H. Zhang, E. Knightly, "RED-VBR: A RenegotiationBased ApproachtoSupportDelay-Sensitive VBR Video," ACM Multimedia Systems Journal, 1997.

....is requested to refresh the reservation at given times. However, this is not intended as a mechanism for modifying the reservation parameters only, but rather as the general approach for managing the reservation state in routers and hosts [16] Renegotiable VBR services are also studied in [22] [23], 24]# there the focus is on describing a given traffic with as few leaky buckets as possible, and thus applies to the optimization of a network offering the RVBR service. In contrast, our approach focuses on the customer side of the RVBR service, and provides an analysis of the various tradeoffs ....

H. Zhang, E. Knightly, "RED-VBR: A Renegotiation-Based Approach to Support Delay-Sensitive VBR Video," ACM Multimedia Systems Journal, 1997.

....video traffic has significant burstiness in the slow time scale; 2) showing that renegotiation allows us to extract almost all of the SMG available from exploiting this variation; and 3) admission control for loosely constrained traffic sources. Recently Chong et al. 4] and Zhang and Knightly [48] have independently published work that comes to the same conclusions. Zhang and Knightly present a renegotiated VBR service. Chong et al. have concentrated on the online prediction problem using artificial neural networks. Our work differs from theirs in some important aspects. First, our work is ....

H. Zhang and E. W. Knightly, "RED-VBR: A renegotiation-based approach to support delay-sensitive VBR video," ACM Multimedia Syst. J., vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 164--176, May 1997.

....a QoS contract. BOCHMANN 97] suggests taking the average QoS provided over an interval to avoid spurious renegotiation due to very transient fluctuations. A tuned probabilistic or stochastic model could incorporate current information about the causes of failure and resource characteristics. ZHANG 97] describes client controlled renegotiation and examines network utilisation. They demonstrate graceful QoS degradation of deterministic guarantees, which they contend shows benefits over statistical guarantees. Renegotiation can be invoked by users, on deciding that they do not consider a given ....

....the range of effects which can be hidden by traditional QoS management methods. These fluctuations can only reasonably be managed in conjunction with applications. Adaptation to this type of change has been a focus of interest recently [BLAIR 97a, DAVIES 96c, NOBLE 97, SRIVASTAVA 97, SREENAN 96, ZHANG 97] It should be noted that depending on the application and the QoS management techniques employed the boundary between fine grained, large grained and hideable change may vary. Hideable changes are those minor fluctuations, some of which may be peculiar to mobile systems, which are small enough ....

Zhang, H., Knightly, E.W.: RED-VBR: a renegotiation-based approach to support delay-sensitive VBR video Multimedia Systems vol 5 p164-176 (Springer-Verlag, 1997) 65

....rates, so to prevent bu#er overflow and underflow. For interactive applications, where the tra#c source is not known nor directly controllable, these methods are not suitable. On line methods periodically renegotiate re1 source allocation based upon predicted tra#c behavior [1] 4] 8] 10] 11] [13]. Predictions are derived from measurements of the tra#c and or QoS observations. Such methods do not have the problems associated with o# line methods and may be implemented by filters [1] neural networks [4] dynamic algorithms [8] 10] or some other sampling procedure [11] 13] These methods ....

....[8] 10] 11] 13] Predictions are derived from measurements of the tra#c and or QoS observations. Such methods do not have the problems associated with o# line methods and may be implemented by filters [1] neural networks [4] dynamic algorithms [8] 10] or some other sampling procedure [11] [13]. These methods also have the advantage of adjusting the resource allocation with respect to a desired QoS. To date no on line method has the ability to tightly control the QoS for such di#cult applications as transmission of compressed video. In addition, most methods su#er from a large number of ....

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H. Zhang and E. W. Knightly. RED-VBR: A Renegotiation-Based Approach to Support DelaySensitive VBR Video. Multimedia Systems, 5:164-- 176, 1997. 8

....can occur at three different time scales. Variation introduced by the coding mechanism is usually in the milli seconds scale [19] Variation due to (perceptual) change in the context of the application (for example, scene change in a movie) happens in tens of seconds to a few minutes scale [38, 28]. The third level, called the trick mode [27] for example, fast forward, rewind or pause on the displayed video, resizing display windows, etc) occurs in several minutes scale. Variable Bit Rate (VBR) service class [13] has been proposed to facilitate the distribution of such applications. The ....

....degree of burstiness as traffic sources. Real time experiments are used to determine the softness of video quality. The results show the effectiveness of our CAC scheme and also help establish the advantages of VBR service over VBR service. Several renegotiation schemes have been studied in [28, 27, 38, 16, 7]. Video coding suitable for rate renegotiation is addressed in [28, 27] The D BIND [14] traffic model has been used in [38] to study the renegotiation. The authors propose a central limit theorem based admission control schemes on the D BIND traffic model. As pointed out later in this paper, a ....

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H. Zhang and E. W. Knightly. RED-VBR: A Renegotiation-Based Approach to Support DelaySensitive VBR Video. Technical report, University of California, Berkeley, 1996. To appear in ACM/Springer-Verlag Multimedia Systems Journal.

....example for MPEG ows [31, 15] However worst case allocation does not o er good network utilization when ows, such as MPEG, have periods of low bandwidth activity. Network utilization can be improved by releasing excess bandwidth during low activity and then reacquiring the bandwidth as needed [5, 11, 32, 27, 3]. Such solutions work well when the consumers of the bandwidth cooperate, but this becomes less e ective in a competitive setting where consumers can extract no bene t from releasing excess resources. Pricing schemes have been suggested as means for prioritizing competition for resources based on ....

....Figure 1 shows the expected savings for di erent bandwidth ows as a function of the throughput satisfaction. The simulation setting is presented in detail along with the results in Section 4. Related work. Renegotiated services were considered in [5, 27, 3] Other examples, such as RED VBR [32] or RCBR [11] are well suited for Variable Bit Rate ows, such as MPEG used for video on demand that requires maximum delay guarantees. Although these schemes have higher network utilization in comparison to non renegotiated services, these schemes provide no motivation for users to free unneeded ....

Hui Zhang, Edward W. Knightly, RED-VBR: A Renegotiation-Based Approach to Support Delay-Sensitive VBR Video, ACM/Springer-Verlag Multimedia Systems Journal, (3), pp. 164176, May 1997.

.... achieve high resource utilization while maximizing user s perceived quality of service (QoS) Various ATM services have been proposed and evaluated for transporting compressed video: classical Constant Bit Rate (CBR) 1] Renegotiated CBR [2] Renegotiate Deterministic Variable Bit Rate (REDVBR) [3], and Available Bit Rate (ABR) 4] Nevertheless, Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR) is the true and simplest ATM best effort service available. Since today it is widely and is based on the excess bandwidth in the network with lower usage cost, it is predictable that it will also support a non negligible ....

H. Zhang and E.W. Knightly, "REDVBR: A renegotiation based approach to support delay sensitive VBR video", in ACM/SpringerVerlag Multimedia Systems Journal, Vol.5 n.3, pp. 164-176, May 1997.

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H. Zhang and E. Knightly, "RED-VBR: A renegotiation-based approach to support delaysensitive VBR video," ACM Multimedia system Journal, May 1997.

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H. Zhang and E. W. Knightly, "RED-VBR: A Renegotiationbased Approach to Support Delay-Sensitive VBR Video," ACM Multimedia system Journal, May 1997.

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H. Zhang and E. W. Knightly. RED-VBR: A renegotiation-based approach to support delay-sensitive VBR video. Multimedia Systems, 5(3):164--176, 1997.

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H.Zhang and E.Knightly, RED-VBR: A Renegotiation-Based Approach to Support Delay-Sensitive VBR Video, Multimedia Systems Journal, 5(3):164--176, May 1997.

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H. Zhang and E. W. Knightly, "RED-VBR: A RenegotiationBased Approach to Support Delay-Sensitive VBR Video," Multimedia Systems, vol. 5, 1997, pp. 164--76.

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H. Zhang and E. W. Knightly. RED-VBR: A renegotiation-based approach to support delay-sensitive VBR video. Multimedia Systems, 5(3):164--176, 1997.

No context found.

H. Zhang and E. W. Knightly, "RED-VBR: A Renegotiationbased Approach to Support Delay-Sensitive VBR Video," ACM Multimedia system Journal, May 1997.

No context found.

Hui Zhang, Edward W. Knightly, RED-VBR: A Renegotiation-Based Approach to Support Delay-Sensitive VBR Video, ACM/Springer-Verlag Multimedia Systems Journal, (3), pp. 164176, May 1997.

No context found.

H.Zhang and E.Knightly, RED-VBR: A Renegotiation-Based Approach to Support Delay-Sensitive VBR Video, Multimedia Systems Journal, 5(3):164--176, May 1997.

No context found.

H. Zhang and E. Knightly, "RED-VBR: A renegotiation-based approach to support delaysensitive VBR video," ACM Multimedia system Journal, May 1997.

No context found.

Zhang, H. & Knightly, E W. (1997) RED-VBR: A renegotiation-based approach to support delay-sensitive VBR video. ACM/Springer-Verlag Multimedia Systems Journal 5: 164--176.

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H. Zhang and E. W. Knightly, "RED-VBR: A renegotiation-based approach to support delay-sensitive VBR video," ACM Multimedia Syst. J., to be published; also, in Proc. NOSSDAV'95, Durham, NH, Apr. 1995.

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