Mary Dalrymple, Ronald M. Kaplan, John T. Maxwell III, and Annie Zaenen. Formal Issues in Lexical-Functional Grammar. Number 47 in CSLI Lecture Notes. CSLI Publications, 1995.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

.... More sophisticated linguistic theories try to tightly couple syntax and semantics in order to overcome expressiveness problems when dealing with complex linguistic phenomena (see [PS87] and [PS94] At the word level, semantic information has been incorporated into the lexical analyzer (see [DKIZ95] and combining the above theories with them, it is possible to solve syntactic ambiguities during the parsing process. It is worth noting that semantics is often used as a tool to improve flexibility of a syntax analyzer. In the SYSLID project (see [BHA96] a robust parser constitutes the ....

Mary Dalrymple, Ronald M. Kaplan, John T. Maxwell III, and Annie Zaenen, editors. Formal Issues in Lexical-Functional Grammar. Stanford University: Center for the Study of Language and Information, 1995.

....language for feature structure based rewrite grammars. GPL is a formalism that allows the direct expression of linguistic algorithms for parsing, transfer, and generation. Some ideas in GPL can be traced back to Tomita s pseudo unification formalism (Tomita 1988) and to Lexical Functional Grammar (Dalrymple et al. 1995). GPL includes variables, simple and complex tests, and various manipulation operators. GPL also includes control flow statements including if then else, switch, iteration over sub feature structures, and other features. An example of a simplified GPL rule for English generation is shown in Figure ....

Dalrymple, M., R.M. Kaplan, J.T. Maxwell III, and A. Zaenen, eds. (1995) Formal Issues in Lexical-Functional Grammar. CSLI Lecture Notes 47, Stanford, CA.

....Keywords: Automatic annotation, higher level syntax, corpus linguistics, robustness 1 2 1. INTRODUCTION In this contribution we address two important concerns: automatic annotation of treebanks and CFGs extracted from such treebanks with LFG f(eature) structures (Kaplan and Bresnan 1982) (Dalrymple et al. 1995). Treebanks which encode higher level functional structure, in addition to pure phrase structure information, are required as training resources for probabilistic unification grammars and data driven parsing approaches, e.g. Bod and Kaplan 1998) Manual construction of treebanks with feature ....

....principles, which are applied to either grammar rules extracted from a treebank or directly to treebank PS trees. The observation that constituent and higher level feature structure representations stand in a systematic relationship informs theoretical work in LFG (Kaplan and Bresnan 1982) (Dalrymple et al. 1995) and HPSG (Pollard and Sag 1994) In LFG c(onstituent) structure and f structure are independent levels of representation which are related in terms of a correspondence function OE. The correspondence follows linguistically determined principles which are partly universal, and partly language ....

M. Dalrymple, R.M Kaplan, J.T. Maxwell III, and A. Zaenen, editors. 1995. Formal Issues in Lexical-Functional Grammar. CSLI Lecture Notes, No. 47. CSLI Publications.

....on OT and optionality through many long discussions. I accept sole responsibility for any remaining errors. 1 It would be more precise to say that a form can be grammatical and still violate constraints. 2 OT LFG is a version of OT syntax which uses Lexical Functional Grammar (Bresnan, 1982; Dalrymple et al. 1995) for its representations and as its theory of GEN (see (1) below) 1 winning candidates in production. Fourth, this OT approach to linking has interesting implications for Dowty s theory of proto roles. In section 2, I briefly present the basic architecture of standard Optimality Theory and how ....

Dalrymple, Mary, Ronald M. Kaplan, John T. Maxwell, and Annie Zaenen (eds.) (1995). Formal issues in LexicalFunctional Grammar. Stanford, CA: CSLI.

.... domain, Bresnan proposes in a number of papers (see e.g. Bresnan 1996; Bresnan 1998; Bresnan 1999) to integrate OT with the syntactic framework of Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG, Kaplan and Bresnan 1982) whose computational properties have been studied extensively (see, e.g. contributions in Dalrymple et al. 1995). 2 LFG s nonderivational system of correspondence between parallel structures lends itself for making assumptions of OT syntax precise. I will refer to the optimality theoretic LFG model as OT LFG. Even in ipurej LFG, recent work on the general architecture of the mapping from constituent ....

Dalrymple, M., R. M. Kaplan, J. T. Maxwell, and A. Zaenen (Eds.) (1995). Formal Issues in Lexical-Functional Grammar. Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications.

....on OT and optionality through many long discussions. I accept sole responsibility for any remaining errors. 1 It would be more precise to say that a form can be grammatical and still violate constraints. 2 OT LFG is a version of OT syntax which uses Lexical Functional Grammar (Bresnan, 1982; Dalrymple et al. 1995) for its representations and as its theory of GEN (see (1) below) 1 winning candidates in production. Fourth, this OT approach to linking has interesting implications for Dowty s theory of proto roles. In section 2, I briefly present the basic architecture of standard Optimality Theory and how ....

Dalrymple, Mary, Ronald M. Kaplan, John T. Maxwell, and Annie Zaenen (eds.) (1995). Formal issues in LexicalFunctional Grammar. Stanford, CA: CSLI.

.... to research into LFG include the development of processing algorithms, principles of syntactic description for various linguistic phenomena (e.g. long distance dependencies, coordination) and extensions of the LFG projection architecture for semantic representation and translation (see Dalrymple et al. 1995). Since 1995, the ParGram (Parallel LFG Grammar Development) project, a joint initiative of Xerox PARC, XRCE Grenoble, and the University of Stuttgart (IMS) has investigated the potential of LFG for large scale NLP applications. ParGram encompasses linguistic research in LFG based parallel ....

Dalrymple, M., Kaplan R.M., Maxwell III, J.T. and Zaenen, A. 1995. Formal Issues in Lexical-Functional Grammar. Stanford, CSLI Publications.

....some approaches discussed in the literature and sketch a QLF [ Alshawi and Crouch, 1992 ] and a UDRS [ Reyle, 1995 ] style interpretation for a set of linear logic premises obtained. 2 A Linear Logic Based Glue Language Semantics for LFG Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG) Kaplan and Bresnan, 1982; Dalrymple et al. 1995a ] is a member of the family of early unification based grammar formalisms. It has a number of attractive features which have ensured continued popularity among computational and theoretical linguists alike. In a series of papers, Mary Dalrymple and others [ Dalrymple et al. 1993b; Dalrymple et ....

Dalrymple, M.; Kaplan, R.M.; Maxwell, J.T.; and Zaenen, A., editors 1995a. Formal Issues in Lexical-Functional Grammar. CSLI lecture notes; no.47. CSLI Publications.

....with some approaches discussed in the literature and sketch QLF [Alshawi and Crouch, 1992] and UDRS [Reyle, 1995] style interpretations for sets of linear logic premises obtained. 2 A Linear Logic Based Glue Language Semantics for LFG Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG) Kaplan and Bresnan, 1982, Dalrymple et al. 1995a] is a member of the family of early unification based grammar formalisms. It has a number of attractive features which have ensured continued popularity among computational and theoretical linguists alike. Dalrymple et al. 1993b, Dalrymple et al. 1993a, Dalrymple et al. 1995b, Dalrymple et ....

Dalrymple, M.; Kaplan, R.M.; Maxwell, J.T.; and Zaenen, A., editors 1995a. Formal Issues in Lexical-Functional Grammar. CSLI lecture notes; no.47. CSLI Publications.

.... University of California, San Diego Miriam Butt and Tracy Holloway King (Editors) 1997 CSLI Publications http: www csli.stanford.edu publications LFG97 On Comparing Dynamic and Underspecified Semantics for LFG 1 1 Introduction Lexical Functional Grammar [ Kaplan and Bresnan, 1982; Dalrymple et al. 1995a ] has enjoyed a rich variety of semantic interpretation components including [ Halvorsen, 1983; Frey and Reyle, 1983; Frey et al. 1983; Reyle, 1985; Wada and Asher, 1986; Fenstad et al. 1987; Reyle, 1988; Halvorsen and Kaplan, 1988; Asher and Wada, 1988; Wedekind and Kaplan, 1993; Dalrymple et ....

Dalrymple, M.; Kaplan, R.M.; Maxwell, J.T.; and Zaenen, A., editors 1995a. Formal Issues in Lexical-Functional Grammar. CSLI lecture notes; no.47. CSLI Publications.

.... the syntactic domain, Bresnan proposes in a number of papers (see e.g. Bresnan 1996; Bresnan 1998b) to integrate OT with the syntactic framework of Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG, Kaplan and Bresnan 1982) whose computational properties have been studied extensively (see, e.g. contributions in Dalrymple et al. 1995). 2 LFG s nonderivational system of correspondence between parallel structures lends itself for making assumptions of OT syntax precise. I will refer to the optimality theoretic LFG model as OT LFG. Even in pure LFG, recent work on the general architecture of the mapping from constituent ....

Dalrymple, M., R. M. Kaplan, J. T. Maxwell, and A. Zaenen (Eds.) (1995). Formal Issues in Lexical-Functional Grammar. Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications.

.... The main use of HMMs is in analysis (like finding the most probable part of speech assignment for a sequence of words) see [Rab89, KS97] for a classical introduction to HMMs from an NLP point of view) 11 word level, semantic information has been incorporated into the lexical analyzer (see [DKIZ95] and combining the above theories with them, it is possible to solve syntactic ambiguities during the parsing process. It is worth noting that semantics is often used as a tool to improve flexibility of a syntax analyzer. In the SYSLID project (see [BHA96] a robust parser constitutes the ....

Mary Dalrymple, Ronald M. Kaplan, John T. Maxwell III, and Annie Zaenen, editors. Formal Issues in Lexical-Functional Grammar. Stanford University: Center for the Study of Language and Information, 1995. 17

....away from the particular realization of tense: whether it be periphrastic (auxiliaries) or morphological, the f structure representation of tense is parallel. 2 The Formalism We assume here the traditional LFG architecture of Bresnan (1982) as well as the newer advances within the theory (Dalrymple et al. 1995)) A grammar is viewed as a set of correspondences expressed in terms of projections from one level of representation to another. Two fundamental levels of representation plements) is maintained (comps) and arguments from the main verb are inherited by the auxiliaries. This approach must thus be ....

.... one to one, but many to one, allowing an abstraction over idiosyncratic c structure properties of a language (e.g. discontinuous constituents) The grammars are implemented using the Xerox Linguistic Environment (XLE) 4 , which allows the integration of the projection based architecture of LFG (Dalrymple et al. 1995) and the correspondence based MT approach of Kaplan et al. 1989) 5 3 Auxiliaries a flat approach 3.1 The Received Wisdom The traditional treatment of auxiliaries in both HPSG and LFG has its roots in Ross s (1967) proposal to treat auxiliaries and modals on a par with main verbs. 6 In ....

Dalrymple, M., R. Kaplan, J. T. Maxwell III, and A. Zaenen (Eds.). 1995. Formal Issues in Lexical-Functional Grammar. Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications.

.... More sophisticated linguistic theories try to tightly couple syntax and semantics in order to overcome expressiveness problems when dealing with complex linguistic phenomena (see [PS87] and [PS94] At the word level, semantic information has been incorporated into the lexical analyzer (see [DKIZ95] and combining the above theories with them, it is possible to solve syntactic ambiguities during the parsing process. It is worth noting that semantics is often used as a tool to improve flexibility of a syntax analyzer. In the SYSLID project (see [BHA96] a robust parser constitutes the ....

Mary Dalrymple, Ronald M. Kaplan, John T. Maxwell III, and Annie Zaenen, editors. Formal Issues in Lexical-Functional Grammar. Stanford University: Center for the Study of Language and Information, 1995.

....Mary Dalrymple, Ron Kaplan, Louisa Sadler, Doug Arnold and our FraCaS colleagues Jan Jaspars, Steve Pulman, Manfed Pinkal, Robin Cooper and Hans Kamp for discussion. Errors and opinions are our own. 2 Introduction Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG) f structures [ Kaplan and Bresnan, 1982; Dalrymple et al. 1995a ] are designed to encode abstract syntactic information. In LFG this is unpacked in terms of an inventory of grammatical functions and encoded in the form of attribute value structures (f structures) related to surface structure trees in terms of a piecewise function mapping nodes in trees into ....

Dalrymple, M.; Kaplan, R.M.; Maxwell, J.T.; and Zaenen, A., editors 1995a. Formal Issues in Lexical-Functional Grammar. CSLI lecture notes; no.47. CSLI Publications.

....design. We present (i) a tried and tested scheme of metadescription of rules that improves the situation, and (ii) the prototype of a re ned scheme that overcomes limitations of the former. 1 Introduction Within constraint based syntax formalisms such as HPSG Pollard and Sag (1994) and LFG Dalrymple et al. 1995) there exists a large body of lingusitic literature with formally precise accounts of linguistic phenomena. The formalisms are also used in implementations of large grammar fragments for the use on corpus data. Between these two applications of the formalisms, there is a signi cant dioeerence in ....

M. Dalrymple, R. M. Kaplan, J. T. Maxwell, and A. Zaenen, editors. Formal Issues in Lexical-Functional Grammar. CSLI Publications, Stanford, CA, 1995.

....embedding nite verbs, propo, may not appear on any path between a direct and a positional head. 4 A Brief Review of LFG This section introduces key concepts of LFG which are of interest in Sec. 5 and is necessarily very short. Further information can be found in Bresnan Kaplan (1982) and Dalrymple et al. 1995). LFG posits several dioeerent representation levels, called projections. Within a projection, a certain type of linguistic knowledge is represented, which explains dioeerences in the formal setup (data types and operations) of the projections. The two standard projections, and those used here, ....

Dalrymple, M., R. Kaplan, J. Maxwell & A. Zaenen (Eds.) (1995). Formal Issues in Lexical-Functional Grammar. CSLI Lecture Notes 47, Stanford/CA: CSLI.

....to constrain the construction of the f structure) are metavariables; refers to the f structure projected from the mother node, # refers to the fstructure projected from the node itself. For more background information on the mechanisms of standard LFG, the reader is referred to the articles in (Dalrymple et al. 1995b) 10 As noted by an anonymous reviewer, the book keeping of morphological marking cannot be part of fstructure, due to the unification of both NPs. There are two equally feasible ways in which constraints on morphological marking can be formulated: i) the assumption of a special projection level, ....

Dalrymple, M., Kaplan, R. M., Maxwell, J. T., and Zaenen, A., eds. (1995b). Formal Issues in Lexical-Functional Grammar . CSLI Publications, Stanford, CA.

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Mary Dalrymple, Ronald M. Kaplan, John T. Maxwell III, and Annie Zaenen. Formal Issues in Lexical-Functional Grammar. Number 47 in CSLI Lecture Notes. CSLI Publications, 1995.

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M. DALRYMPLE, R. M. KAPLAN, I. MAXWELL, JOHN T. & A. ZAENEN, Eds. (1995). Formal issues in Lexical-Functional Grammar. Number 47 in CSLI Lecture Notes. Stanford, California.

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Mary Dalrymple, Ronald M. Kaplan, John T. Maxwell, III, and Annie Zaenen, editors. Formal issues in LexicalFunctional Grammar. Number 47 in CSLI Lecture Notes. Stanford, California, 1995.

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Dalrymple, M., R. Kaplan, J. M. III and A. Zaenen, editors, "Formal issues in LexicalFunctional Grammar," CSLI Lecture Notes, no. 47, 1994.

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Mary Darlymple, Ronald M. Kaplan, John T. Maxwell III, and Annie Zeanen, editors. Formal Issues in Lexical-Functional Grammar. CSLI Publications, US, 1995.

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Mary Dalrymple, Ronald M. Kaplan, John T. Maxwell, Annie Zaenen (eds.). Formal Issues in LexicalFunctional Grammar, CSLI Publications, Stanford, CA, 1995.

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M. Dalrymple, R.M. Kaplan, J.T. Maxwell, and A. Zaenen, editors. 1995a. Formal Issues in LexicalFunctional Grammar. CSLI lecture notes; no.47.

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