Choi, Hye-Won (1999), Optimizing Structure in Context -- Scrambling and Information Structure, CSLI, Stanford.  Home/Search   Document Details and Download   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....la structure communicative. Par exemple, 2) est une rponse naturelle une question du type Was ist mit dieser Frau Qu en est il avec cette femme . Dans ce cas dieser Frau est le thme. L lment qui se trouve dans le Vorfeld peut galement tre un rhme focalis ou focus avec une toute autre prosodie [Choi99, Br97] (correspondant C est cette femme qu ils ont promis de lire le livre) Il en est de mme en (3) o den Roman zu lesen est soit un thme (Lire le livre, les hommes l ont promis cette femme) soit un rhme focalis (C est de lire le livre que les hommes ont promis cette femme) Le cas de la phrase ....

Choi, Hye-Won (1999), Optimizing Structure in Context -- Scrambling and Information Structure, CSLI, Stanford.

..... 199 6.2 Pronominal Form in Non Copula Constructions . 199 6.3 Abstract Object Reference and Syntactic Form . 201 6.4 Abstract Object Reference and Position . 201 12 List of Figures 2. 1 The Features of Discourse Functions (Choi 1996) . 29 2.2 Topic Accessibility Scale: Syntactic Coding (Giv on 1983:17) 34 2.3 Topic Accessibility Scale: Phonological Size (Giv on 1983:18) 35 2.4 IS Level in the Grammar (Vallduv i 1995:147) 63 4.1 Asher s Summary of Abstract Objects (1993:57) ....

....Vallduv i suggests, from a practical processing point of view it makes sense to have the address pointed out before the information is given which is to be added to that address and the instructions of how to add it, and this is why links are sometimes assumed to be obligatorily sentence initial. Choi (1996), in her study of scrambling (ie movement of constituents from their canonical position) in German and Korean, notes that moveability of items is dependent CHAPTER 2. INFORMATION PACKAGING 26 on their informational status. It has been noted, for example, that scrambled elements in German must be ....

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Choi, Hye-Won, 1996. Optimizing Structure in Context: Scrambling and Information Structure. Stanford University dissertation. PhD thesis.

....in Grimshaw 1997) but as long as one discourse related constraint is satisfied if YP surfaces at the left edge of the clause, the ranking of SPECIFIER LEFT, OBLIGATORY HEADS and STAY decides which position is provided. For examples of discourse related Alignment constraints see e.g. Bakovif 1998, Choi 1996, Samek Lodovici 1998. 3 1993) 2 Given the system proposed by Grimshaw 1997, we can explain the typological variation observed in (1 3) by realizing that it is caused by different constraint rankings. All that is required is to carefully explore the Alignment constraint SPECIFIER LEFT, as well ....

Choi, Hye-Won (1996): Optimizing Structure in Context: Scrambling and Information Structure. Phd Diss. Stanford University.

....the intuitively preferred reading, this shows an interesting generalization of OT. To bring this out, we need to look at an empirical domain which involves a fair amount of realization alternatives and ambiguity. A good example is the relatively free word order in German, modelled within OT LFG by Choi (1999). In the German Mittelfeld (the region between the nite verb in verb second position and the clause nal verb position) nominal arguments of the verb can appear in any order. However, as has been widely observed (cf. e.g. Lenerz 1977; H#hle 1982; Abraham 1986; Uszkoreit 1987) a certain ....

....den Brief as the topic. 37) da# that der the Kurier courier (nom) dem the Spion spy (dat) den the Brief letter (acc) zustecken slip sollte should (38) a. b. da# da# der Kurier den Brief den Brief der Kurier dem Spion dem Spion zustecken zustecken sollte sollte Choi (1999, 150) models these data assuming competing sets of constraints on word order: the canonical constraints, based on a hierarchy of grammatical functions (and, in principle also a hierarchy of thematic roles) 39) and information structuring constraints (distinguishing the contextual dimenstions of ....

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Choi, H.-W. (1999). Optimizing Structure in Context: Scrambling and Information Structure. CSLI Publications.

....and restitutive readings for both word orders. This enlarges the repetitive restitutive dichotomy (which focuses on the scope of again 0 and CAUSE) Note that this account does not precipitately determine whether a certain NP may occur in such a position. Hence, it ts in with analyses like Choi (1996) that present licensing conditions for such NPs. The semantic representations in CLLS for (1) and (2) are (14) and (15) respectively. Each constraint has three constructive solutions, depending on the position of CAUSE, while the scope of 8 and again 0 is xed: 14) 2 e:again 0 ( e) 2 ....

Choi, H.-W. (1996). Optimizing structure in context: scrambling and information structure. Ph. D. thesis, Stanford University.

....the intuitively preferred reading, this shows an interesting generalization of OT. To bring this out, we need to look at an empirical domain which involves a fair amount of realization alternatives and ambiguity. A good example is the relatively free word order in German, modelled within OT LFG by Choi (1999). In the German Mittelfeld (the region between the nite verb in verb second position and the clause nal verb position) nominal arguments of the verb can appear in any order. However, as has been widely observed (cf. e.g. Lenerz 1977; H ohle 1982; Abraham 1986; Uszkoreit 1987) a certain ....

....Since in this additional optimization the string is xed for all competing candidates, the analysis which violates the least constraints will be the one which interprets the arguments in such a way that the observed order is in line with the canonical order. Thus, for the constraints that Choi (1999) assumes, the standard OT generation based view can be generalized to the parsing scenario if a bidirectional competition is applied. 32 31 Note however that further factors are at work: in (i) which also contains ambiguous case marking, the selectional restrictions of the verb clearly ....

Choi, H.-W. (1999). Optimizing Structure in Context: Scrambling and Information Structure. CSLI Publications.

....research ( E. Kiss 1995 and references therein) The division of constituent structure from functional structure, as well as the possibility of an information (discourse function) structure, makes Lexical Functional Grammar well suited for capturing these interactions (King 1993 1995, Choi 1996). This paper explores a problem posed by these interactions, in particular by the association of discourse functions with particular c structure positions and their f structure counterparts. In LFG, discourse function information has traditionally been encoded in the f structure via annotations on ....

....i OBJ h PRED book i 3 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 5 However, there is a problem in that although the entire event is contained in the Q FOC, a circularity is created in that the Q FOC contains itself. 3. 2 Contrastive Focus Contrastive focus picks out one element as prominent new information (Choi 1996 and references therein) In Russian contrastive focus is encoded intonationally, not via the phrase structure (Junghanns and Zybatov 1995) That is, there is no one phrase structure position associated with contrastive focus, although contrastively focused arguments and adjuncts tend to occur ....

Choi, H.W. 1996. Optimizing Structure in Context: Scrambling and Information Structure.

....di erence in formmeaning correspondences is an unsystematic language particular property, from the point of view of our constraint ranking. Finally, we observe that the overall structure of this framework for morphosyntax (5) applies as well to larger syntactic structures (Bresnan, in press a; Choi, 1999; Kuhn, 1999; Lee, 1999; Sells, 1998; Asudeh, 1999) 8 (15) OT LFG Syntactic Framework input candidates S 1 DP 2 VP 3 V 4 DP 5 , 2 6 6 6 4 subj [ 2 tns . pred . obj [ 5 3 7 7 7 5 1;3;4 2 6 6 6 4 gf [ tns . pred . gf 0 [ ....

Choi, Hye-Won. 1999. Optimizing Structure in Context: Scrambling and Information Structure. Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications.

....Constraints in Swedish Clausal Syntax Peter Sells 1. Introduction Alignment constraints in syntax have been successfully developed in Optimality Theory (OT) work to account for clitic placement (e.g. Grimshaw (1998) Legendre (1996) and focusrelated positioning (e.g. Choi (1999), Costa (1998) Samek Lodovici (1998) Can (and should) all syntactic positioning be expressed in terms of alignment constraints In this paper I will explore this issue by focussing on an alignment based account of order within the Swedish clause and show how it naturally encompasses the ....

....The general case is where some edge of an element is aligned with an edge of a domain that contains that element. In syntax, alignment analyses have been proposed for specific phenomena such as clitic placement (e.g. Grimshaw (1998) Legendre (1996) and focus related positioning (e.g. Choi (1999), Costa (1998) Samek Lodovici (1998) Formally, alignment constraints have the form Align(ff, E, fi, E) where E is an edge, L or R, and ff and fi are the elements to be aligned. See also Kager (1999, 117ff. 18 In the domain of clausal syntax, some basic ordering constraints are presented ....

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Choi, Hye-Won. 1999. Optimizing Structure in Context: Scrambling and Information Structure. Stanford, Dissertations in Linguistics, CSLI Publications.

....and Sten Vikner for comments and discussion. This work is supported by National Science Foundation Grant SBR 9511891 and by Rutgers University. 1 On discourse based or apparent optionality within OT, see (among others) Grimshaw Samek Lodovici 1995, to appear; Samek Lodovici 1996, Costa 1996, Choi 1996, and Legendre 1996. 2 Keer and Bakovic 1997 analogously addresses the optionality of overt and covert operators in English relative clauses; the wider empirical and typological consequences of the analyses in that paper and the present one are taken up in joint work in progress with Edward ....

Choi, Hye-Won. 1996. Optimizing Structure in Context: Scrambling and Information Structure. Doctoral dissertation, Stanford University.

....motivation for our approach is extending grammatical relations with probability measures and to develop a framework for modelling competition for these as grammatical resources. Existing attempts to implement traditional theories in a parallel and competitive framework (e.g. Stevenson1993] and [Choi1996] will force us to change and modify some of the basic assumptions in our present theories. For example [Bresnan1996] and [Choi1996] in working on optimal LFG argue for full specification of under specified grammatical functions (GFs) in LFG. This optimal extension to LFG is in conflict with the ....

....competition for these as grammatical resources. Existing attempts to implement traditional theories in a parallel and competitive framework (e.g. Stevenson1993] and [Choi1996] will force us to change and modify some of the basic assumptions in our present theories. For example [Bresnan1996] and [Choi1996] in working on optimal LFG argue for full specification of under specified grammatical functions (GFs) in LFG. This optimal extension to LFG is in conflict with the assumption of underspecification in LFG. It is not clear how long distance scrambling can be captured in such optimal LFG. We think ....

Choi, Hye-Won. 1996. Optimizing Structure in Context: Scrambling and Information Structure. Ph.D. thesis, Stanford University, August.

....like Bulgarian, the rigidity of clitic placement (except for li) is in stark contrast with the general freedom in constituent ordering. This freedom is however far from arbitrary, as demonstrated most recently for Russian in King (1995) Italian in Samek Lodovici (1996) and German and Korean (Choi, 1996). These authors convincingly and elaborately demonstrate that variation in word order is discourse based. These distinctive properties of clitics constitute one important piece of evidence in favor of treating clitics differently from standard syntactic constituents. I follow Klavans (1985) and ....

Choi, Hye-Won. 1996. Optimizing Structure in Context: Scrambling and Information Structure. Ph.D.

....by Aissen (1998) 1) Local Person (1st 2nd) Proper Noun 3rd Human 3rd Animate 3rd Inanimate 3rd In addition to person animacy, various other hierarchies have been proposed in the literature. Examples of other hierarchies are thematic role in (2) this specific formulation taken from Choi 1996), grammatical function in (3) this specific formulation taken from Aissen 1998) and the reduction scale in (4) Bresnan 1998) 2) Agent Beneficiary Experiencer Goal Instrument Patient theme Locative (3) Subject Object (4) Null Overt What ties these different hierarchies together ....

Choi, Hye-Won. 1996. Optimizing Structure in Context: Scrambling and Information Structure. Doctoral Dissertation, Stanford University.

....be identifiable from the output by a correspondence. Hence the candidate set cannot simply consist of syntactic forms (such as strings of morphemes parsed into phrase structure trees) alone. Both of these requirements can met by defining gen formally as an lfg (as proposed in Bresnan 1996a and Choi 1996). This provides a mathematically well defined correspondence between feature structures (representing language independent content) and constituent structures (representing the variety of surface forms) The universal input can be modelled by sets of f structures, which provide an abstract and ....

....does not appear to be universally the marked value, we may use sets of privative features (Steriade 1995, Frisch 1996) whose values are inherently incompatible. For example, a pair of privative features (e.g. top and foc) could replace a binary equipollent feature (e.g. Sigma new] as in Choi 1996); the fact that a single element cannot simultaneously have both properties top and foc would follow from pragmatic considerations (as Bresnan and Mchombo 1987 argue) rather than the formal opposition of Sigma values. 2 Specifically, the information about overparsing and underparsing shown ....

Choi, Hye-Won. 1996. Optimizing Structure in Context: Scrambling and Information Structure. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Ph.D. dissertation.

.... In this paper, I will examine several informationally triggered syntactic constructions and propose an interface approach between i s (information structure) and c s (constituent structure) In the first part of the paper, I will introduce a model of information structure developed in Choi (1996), which is based on two crossclassifying discourse features newness and prominence , called [New] and [Prom] respectively. In the second part, I will discuss and give an account of several types of syntactic realizations of information structure in English, Catalan, and German. 2 Information ....

....Coia. c. La Coia [ F Parar a la TAULA] Coia will set the table. Without the distinction of link and tail, it would be difficult to explain the informational differences between (8b) and (8c) 2.3 Information Structure with Crossclassifying Features 2.3. 1 Completive Focus and Contrastive Focus Choi (1996) argued for a further distinction in the focus domain in addition to the ground domain in Vallduv i s. The main argument comes from the fact that some focal elements behave differently from other focal elements just as link behaves differently from tail, e.g. in the Catalan detachment case. One ....

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Choi, Hye-Won. 1996. Optimizing Structure in Context: Scrambling and Information Structure.

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