Anderson, R.M., May, R.M., 1991. Infectious Diseases of Humans: Dynamics and Control. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....were deterministic and assumed a community of homogeneous individuals who mix uniformly. Subsequently, these models have been extended to take account of stochasticity, individual heterogeneities and social structures that yield non uniform mixing; see, for example, Bailey [6] Anderson and May [3] and Andersson [4] to mention just a few. In order to determine the critical vaccination coverage in practice, estimates of model parameters are required. Thus, alongside modelling, procedures for statistical inference have been developed, often focusing on estimation of epidemiologically ....

.... inference have been developed, often focusing on estimation of epidemiologically important parameters, such as the basic reproduction number R0, both before and after vaccinating a specified proportion of individuals, and the critical vaccination coverage; see, for example, Anderson and May [3], Becker [13] Becker and Britton [14] and Andersson and Britton [5] One departure from homogeneous mixing, that has received considerable interest recently and has an important impact on model behaviour, is that owing to the household structure of most human populations (see, for example, ....

R. M. Anderson, R. M. May, Infectious diseases of humans: dynamic and control, Oxford, Oxford University press, 1991.

....period) selection may favor low, intermediate or increasing virulence [15, 16, t0] A number of recent models address variations of the trade off just described. Important extensions include analyses of (i) interactions between virulence and host recovery rate ( clearance by the immune system [1,2]) ii)competition between different parasite strains infecting the same host individual ( coinfection [3, 8, 19] iii) competition between parasites when a more virulent strain excludes a less virulent strain infecting the same host ( superinfection [tt, 12, 16] and and (iv) effects of ....

R. M. Anderson and R. M. May. Infectious Diseases of Humans: Dynamics and Control. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1991.

....an empirically useful mathematical theory. Their work has been the foundation for almost all subsequent empirical and analytical research in epidemiology and cost benefit analysis of control programs. Much of this research in reported in the authoritative references of Bailey (1975) and Anderson and May (1992). Research on the costs and benefits of particular control programs has a long history, beginning with Daniel Bernoulli s analysis of smallpox prevention through variolation in the eighteenth century (See Bailey 1975 for a detailed discussion) There is now a large body of work on the ....

....of helminth infections. Hethcote and Yorke (1984) is an analysis of the comparative effectiveness of different policies for control of gonorrhea. There is also a large literature on the control of tropical parasites, and childhood viral diseases such as measles, rubella and polio, as described in Anderson and May (1992). The full dynamic solution of the control problem is usually very difficult and a closed form solution does not exist except for very special cases. Therefore many dynamic analyses are numerical simulations of particular models. See Gupta and Rink (1973) for an example. This type of analysis, ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

Anderson, RM. and RM. May (1992) Infectious Diseases of Humans: Dynamics and Control, Oxford, Oxford University Press.

....into a system does not always give us the range of output available from the system, as some behaviours are only found in small regions of parameter space. The rst example is in simulations of disease control strategies. In creating such a simulation using a mathematical or computational model [2, 11], we can specify a large number of parameters. However it is dif cult to place an exact optimization criterion on the desired outcome a na ve criterion such as minimizing the number of people infected may produce one solution, whereas a better solution might allow more people to become infected ....

R. Anderson and R. May. Infectious diseases of humans : dynamics and control. Oxford University Press, 1991.

....search space changes the long term dynamics of the game in a substantial way. In this case there are only a small number of qualitative dynamics producible within the system. However we can imagine other systems which have a wide variety of dynamics, e.g. in a simulation of the spread of a disease [6, 2, 24] where we want to know what the range of results might be from various intervention strategies. These interventions do not necessarily 4 produce a simple linear range of results some might cause the disease to be eradicated in part of the population, so might cause a general decline in the level ....

R. Anderson and R. May. Infectious diseases of humans : dynamics and control. Oxford University Press, 1991.

....resistance (Levy, 1992) The problem of antibiotic resistance is complex and difficult to model in its entirety. In this paper, we rely on a few stylized facts about the mechanisms and issues that contribute to 7 The interested reader is referred to the standard text on this subject by Anderson and May, 1991. 6 resistance. One such abstraction is that the increased use of antibiotics leads to increased resistance. This feature permits us to treat the problem of increasing resistance (or decreasing effectiveness) as a problem of optimal extraction of a non renewable natural resource (Carlson, 1972, ....

....in the case of pesticide resistance. However, the time taken for antibiotics to recover their effectiveness is much longer than the time it took for the initial loss of effectiveness. Moreover, resistance evolves much faster when the antibiotic is reintroduced than during the initial cycle of use (Anderson and May, 1991). 3. THE BIOLOGY AND ECONOMICS OF RESISTANCE This paper examines the question of the optimal use of two antibiotics in a hospital setting. We find that the results obtained from an analysis of the economic problem of optimal antibiotic use differ from results that would be obtained from either ....

Anderson, R. M., and R. M. May. Infectious Diseases of Humans: Dynamics and Control. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991.

....demands that defied even the most ambitious data collection enterprise, the sophisticated machinery developed by Bailey (1975) or Bartholomew (1973) for example, was utilized only page 3 minimally, if at all by demographers. It is only recently and mainly through the influential work by Anderson and May (1991) that such models were revived, fine tuned, and implemented to answer empirical questions. An example of this are applications to understand the spread of HIV AIDS. Although these models are still on the shelves of practitioners of demography, there is growing pressure to use them on issues ....

....implied aggregate characteristics) For example, given estimates of the hazard rates and effects of covariates from a multistate model describing health and morbidity, we may want to know what is the implied distribution of the population by health status, by duration in each state and by age. Anderson and May (1991) provide a complete machinery linking individual transition rates and aggregate distributional characteristics. Billari and colleagues (1999) applied some of Anderson and May tools in order to study the steady state characteristics of young adults that corresponds to a particular set of rates at ....

Anderson, R.M. and R. M. May, 1991. Infectious Diseases of Humans: Dyna mics and Control.

.... on the Evolution of Virulence Context In recent years it has been increasingly realized that evolutionary theory has a major role to play in medical research [23] Contemporary with this development has been a substantial body of work applying mathematical techniques to evolutionary problems [15, 16, 1, 14]. In this proposal we outline a project on the mutual frontier of these topics, applying mathematical techniques to host parasite coevolution. The study of this area is motivated by a number of ideas. Firstly it fits into a broad program of attempting to understand the population genetics and ....

....a project on the mutual frontier of these topics, applying mathematical techniques to host parasite coevolution. The study of this area is motivated by a number of ideas. Firstly it fits into a broad program of attempting to understand the population genetics and dynamics of infectious disease [1]. By developing accurate models of the dynamics of infection we hope that we can synthesize and analyze potential treatment strategies, such as changes in social patterns and the development of vaccination programs. Secondly there is a more basic scientific understanding to be gained from such a ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

R. Anderson and R. May. Infectious diseases of humans : dynamics and control. Oxford University Press, 1991.

No context found.

Anderson, R.M., May, R.M., 1991. Infectious Diseases of Humans: Dynamics and Control. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.

No context found.

Anderson, R. M., and May, R. M. 1991. Infectious Diseases of Humans: Dynamics and Control," Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford.

No context found.

R. M. Anderson, R.M. May. Infectious diseases of humans: dynamics and control. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1991.

No context found.

R. M. Anderson, R.M. May. Infectious diseases of humans: dynamics and control. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1991.

No context found.

R. M. Anderson and R. M. May, Infectious Diseases of Humans: Dynamics and Control (Oxford University press, UK, 1992).

No context found.

R. M. Anderson, R. M. May, Infectious diseases of humans: dynamic and control, Oxford, Oxford University press, 1991.

No context found.

Anderson RM, May RM. Infectious diseases of humans: dynamics and control. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1990.

No context found.

Anderson, R. M. & May, R. M. (1991) Infectious diseases of humans: Dynamics and control (Oxford University Press, Oxford).

No context found.

May R, Anderson R. Infectious Diseases of Humans: Dynamics and Control. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992.

No context found.

Anderson, R. M. and May, R. M. (1991) Infectious diseases of humans: Dynamics and control (Oxbrd University Press, Oxbrd).

No context found.

Anderson RM, May RM. Infectious diseases of humans: dynamics and control. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1991.

No context found.

Anderson, R.M. and May R.M. (1991) Infectious Diseases of Humans: Dynamics and Control. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

No context found.

Anderson, A.M. and May, R.M. (1991) Infectious Diseases of Humans: Dynamics and Control, Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford.

Online articles have much greater impact   More about CiteSeer.IST   Add search form to your site   Submit documents   Feedback  

CiteSeer.IST - Copyright Penn State and NEC