Zhao, J., Govindan, R., Estrin, D.: Residual energy scans for monitoring wireless sensor networks. In: IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC'02), Orlando, FL, USA (2002)  Home/Search   Document Details and Download   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....can choose a fractionf of these neighbors and apply the filter specified by the query type parameter. Even, in case of topology discovery a more sophisticated aggregation scheme as proposed in [16] could be used. A different type of aggregation could be used for energy information as proposed in [4]. Finally use of schemes like smart messages as proposed in [24] which would carry specific code along with the query to support infrequent queries could save valuable memory resources in sensors. STREAM opens up a wide design space for multiresolution information retrieval. This would require ....

Jerry Zhao, Ramesh Govindan and Deborah Estrin, "Residual Energy Scans for Monitoring Wireless Sensor Networks", IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, 2002.

....the cell such that the corresponding candidate set is non empty, since energy usually exhausts faster at a head than at an associate. In many envisioned large scale wireless networks, the traffic load across a network is statistically uniform due to in network processing such as data aggregation [16], which means statistically uniform energy dissipation across the network. Given the fact that statistically there are multiple nodes in any Rt radius circular area at the beginning of the self configuration, the lifetime of any two sets of candidates at different cells is statistically the same ....

Jerry Zhao, Ramesh Govindan, Deborah Estrin, "Residual energy scans for monitoring wireless sensor networks", USCCSD -TR-01-745, May 2001.

....of the cell such that the corresponding candidate set is nonempty, since energy usually exhausts faster at a head than at an associate. In many envisioned large scale wireless networks, the traffic load across a network is statistically uniform due to in network processing such as data aggregation [16], which means statistically uniform energy dissipation across the network. Given the fact that statistically there are multiple nodes in any R t radius circular area at the beginning of the selfconfiguration, the lifetime of any two sets of candidates at different cells is statistically the same ....

Jerry Zhao, Ramesh Govindan, Deborah Estrin, "Residual energy scans for monitoring wireless sensor networks", USCCSD -TR-01-745, May 2001.

....in Figure 1 in which light areas represent regions with more remaining energy and regions short of energy are represented by dark areas. Using the energy map, a user may be able to determine if any part of the network is about to su er system failures in near future, due to depleted energy [28]. The knowledge of low energy area can aid in incremental deployment of sensors because additional sensors can be placed selectively on those regions short of resources. The choice of the best location for the monitoring node can be made also based on the energy map. We know that nodes near the ....

....in a sensor networks. In [8] Elson presents an implementation of a sensor network time synchronization scheme that uses the idea of post facto synchronization, low power method of synchronizing clocks in a local area when accurate timestamps are needed for speci c events. The work proposed by [28] is the most similar to ours. The technique described in that paper tries to depict the remaining energy levels of sensor nodes by using an aggregation based approach. A sensor node only needs to report its local energy information when there is a signi cant energy level drop compared to the last ....

Yonggang Jerry Zhao, Ramesh Govindan, and Deborah Estrin. Residual energy scans for monitoring wireless sensor networks. In IEEE Wilress Communications

.... that take advantage of this fact [9, 12] A number of routing data aggregation approaches were also proposed [3, 10, 11, 13, 18] A number of studies have explored implementing services for sensor networks, including positioning mechanisms [4, 21, 28] time synchronization [7] and energy scans [36]. Other studies considered specific sensor network applications and their implication on protocol design [5, 29, 33, 34] Meguerdichian et al. define the problem of exposure in sensor networks [19] and propose localized algorithms to address it [20] The exposure problem is the problem of ....

ZHAO,Y.,GOVINDAN,R.,AND ESTRIN, D. Residual energy scans for monitoring wireless sensor networks. In IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC'02) (Mar. 2002).

....determining object population (counting) and density, object flows or movement trends, with applications to the environment (wildlife tracking) society (tracking crowds of people in buildings) and the military. Early developments here includes sensor tomography (sensor network self monitoring) [23], and distributed database techniques for sensor networks [2, 3] More challenging still is the goal of monitoring sensor fields over time. If collaborative signal processing uses multiple sensors to track a target or area at a point in time, spatial sensor mining is the use of sensors to track ....

....flow rates every few seconds to a central site, so traditional centralized data mining techniques are not directly applicable. Instead, techniques for distributed data processing and mining are needed. Approaches such as filters to allow in networkprocessing [12] and sensor network tomography [23] offer promise to minimize communications by aggregating information. These approaches must be combined with capabilities for drill down on unusual phenomena, and with appropriate data mining and analysis techniques. Spatial sensor mining in some ways is similar to condition based maintenance: ....

Yonggang Zhao, Ramesh Govindan, and Deborah Estrin. Residual energy scans for monitoring wireless sensor networks. Technical Report 01-745, University of Southern California Computer Science Department, May 2001. This paper, prepared for a committee of the Computer Science and Telecommunications Board, should not be cited as a National Research Council report. 5

....determining object population (counting) and density, object flows or movement trends, with applications to the environment (wildlife tracking) society (tracking crowds of people in buildings) and the military. Early developments here includes sensor tomography (sensor network self monitoring) [23], and distributed database techniques for sensor networks [2, 3] More challenging still is the goal of monitoring sensor fields over time. If collaborative signal processing uses multiple sensors to track a target or area at a point in time, spatial sensor mining is the use of sensors to track ....

....bandwidth: clearly sensors placed on every meter of pipe cannot report flow rates every few seconds to a central site. Instead, techniques for distributed data processing and mining are needed. Approaches such as filters to allow in network processing [12] and sensor network tomography [23] offer promise to minimize communications by aggregating information. These approaches must be combined with capabilities for drill down on unusual phenomena, and with appropriate data mining and analysis techniques. Spatial sensor mining in some ways is similar to condition based maintenance: ....

Yonggang Zhao, Ramesh Govindan, and Deborah Estrin. Residual energy scans for monitoring wireless sensor networks. Technical Report 01-745, University of Southern California Computer Science Department, May 2001.

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Y. Zhao, R. Govindan, and D. Estrin. Residual energy scans for monitoring wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, March 2002.

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Y. Zhao, R. Govindan, and D. Estrin. Residual energy scans for monitoring wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, March 2002.

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Y. Zhao, R. Govindan, and D. Estrin, "Residual energy scans for monitoring wireless sensor networks," in Proceedings of the IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, Mar. 2002.

....model (the two rayground model) In reality though, radio propagation is strongly affected by multi path effects (fading) In addition, observations of radio communication in the field show that the shadowing model cannot completely reflect the characteristics of radio propagation. Zhao et al. [37, 38] found that the quality of radio communication between nodes varies dramatically, leading to the belief that there is time varying interference affecting radio communication in the field. We therefore extend the shadowing model to a time varying shadowing model by adding a statistical factor to ....

Y. Zhao, R. Govindan, and D. Estrin. Residual energy scans for monitoring wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC'02), pages 78--89, Florida, USA, March, 2002.

....class of tools that we call scans. Scans represented abstracted views of resource consumption throughout the entire network, or throughout a significant section of the network. Thus, this class of tools has a significantly greater spatial extent than dumps. One example of a scan is the escan [15]. To compute an escan, a special user gateway node initiates collection of node state, for instance residual energy supply level, from every node in the system. Instead of delivering the raw data to user node, escan computation takes advantage of in network aggregation. Residual energy level data ....

....VIII. RELATED WORK The problem of monitoring sensor networks is crucial and important. Recently, different protocols are proposed to discover node deaths [21] 22] compute the coverage and exposure bounds of wireless sensor networks [23] 24] provide remaining energy supply indication [15] or discover the topology of the network [25] These approaches address various specific aspects of sensor network monitoring and are complementary to the digest aggregation tools in this paper. In addition, they can fit into our proposed architecture to provide a coherent monitoring system for ....

Y. Zhao, R. Govindan, and D. Estrin, "Residual energy scans for monitoring wireless sensor networks," in Proceedings of the IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, Mar. 2002.

....much more work is needed in developing analysis tools for these networks. Tools are needed to report the changing radio topology, observe collision rates and energy consumption, permit more flexible logging, and accurately synchronize node clocks. We have begun work on in network monitoring tools [40], but more work is needed. Appropriate MAC protocols for sensor networks is a continuing challenge. In spite of published work in this area [3, 33] and ongoing activities, a freely available, energy aware MAC protocol remains needed. We and others are currently exploring alternatives here; we ....

Y. Zhao, R. Govindan, and D. Estrin. Residual energy scans for monitoring wireless sensor networks. Technical Report 01-745, May 2001.

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Zhao, J., Govindan, R., Estrin, D.: Residual energy scans for monitoring wireless sensor networks. In: IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC'02), Orlando, FL, USA (2002)

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J. Zhao, R. Govindan and D. Estrin, "Residual energy scans for monitoring wireless sensor networks," in Proceedings of the IEEE Wilress Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC'02), March 2002, pp. 17--21.

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J. Zhao, R. Govindan, and D. Estrin. Residual energy scans for monitoring wireless sensor networks. In IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), 2002.

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J. Zhao, R. Govindan and D. Estrin, "Residual Energy Scans for Monitoring Wireless Sensor Networks", IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC'02), Orange County Convention Center, Orlando, FL, USA, 17-21 March, 2002.

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Y. Zhao, R. Govindan, and D. Estrin, "Residual energy scans for monitoring wireless sensor networks," Tech. Rep. 01-745, May 2001.

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Jerry Zhao, Ramesh Govindan, Deborah Estrin, "Residual energy scans for monitoring wireless sensor networks", USC-CSD-TR-01-745, May 2001.

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Jerry Zhao, Ramesh Govindan and Deborah Estrin, "Residual Energy Scans for Monitoring Wireless Sensor Networks", IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, 2002.

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