Markus Meister, Rachel O. L. Wong, Denis A. Baylor, and Carla J. Shatz. Synchronous bursts of action potentials in ganglion cells of the developing mammalian retina. Science,252,1991.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....with short range lateral activation in the target to increase the activity of near neighbors that receive strong source inputs. Correlated activity of neighboring neurons in the developing retina, prior to the maturation of photoreceptors, has been observed in rat [15, 41] and in cat and ferret [42]. The observed activity patterns consist of short correlated bursts of activity (lasting a few seconds) separated by relatively long periods of silence. Synaptic growth is limited by competition between synapses projecting to the same target neuron. Competitive effects cause map expansion under ....

Markus Meister, Rachel O. L. Wong, Denis A. Baylor, and Carla J. Shatz. Synchronous bursts of action potentials in ganglion cells of the developing mammalian retina. Science,252,1991.

.... axons might cooperate some form of competition is also required to prevent the outcome of development from being trivial [40] Different ways of implementing the Hebbian or the competitive parts of the rule, different models for the activity itself (either random or somehow patterned [41]) from which the development arises, and different degrees of abstraction from the neural basis, all lead to apparently different algorithms (eg [42, 43, 44, 45, 46] 5 and there is as yet not enough experimental data to distinguish between those that compete. Also, they have almost exclusively ....

Meister, M, Wong, RO, Baylor, DA and Shatz CJ. Synchronous bursts of action potentials in ganglion cells of the developing mammalian retina. Science, 1991 252939-43.

....evidence is rapidly accumulating that such processes are occurring in at least two pathways leading to mammalian visual cortex: the developing retina and the brain stem. In the retina, the patterns take the form of intermittent spatially coherent waves of activity across groups of ganglion cells (Meister et al. 1991; Sirosh 1995; Wong et al. 1993) They appear to arise from as yet unknown events in networks of developing amacrine cells that provide input to the ganglion cells (Catsicas and Mobbs 1995; Feller et al. 1996; Shatz 1996) These waves may represent training inputs for the prenatally developing LGN ....

....a predominance of elongated features. Similar features may also be found in the intrinsic retinal activity waves that occur in late prenatal development in mammals, and they are believed to drive the initial organization of the visual cortex (as discussed in section 3.7. 4; Catsicas and Mobbs 1995; Meister et al. 1991; Wong et al. 1993) The RF LISSOM network models the self organization of the visual cortex based on these natural sources of elongated features. 4.2 Training parameters The model consisted of an array of 192 Theta 192 neurons, and a retina of 24 Theta 24 ganglion cells. The circular ....

Meister, M., Wong, R., Baylor, D., and Shatz, C. (1991). Synchronous bursts of actionpotentials in the ganglion cells of the developing mammalian retina. Science, 252:939-- 943.

....might be generated by the reticular thalamic nucleus (Golomb, Wang and Rinzel, 1994, Contreras and Steriade, 1996) can be a good example of coherent activity. Another example could be the synchronous bursts of activity that propagate as wave fronts in retinal ganglion cells of neonatal mammals (Meister et al.: 1991, Wong, 1993) It has been suggested that these waves play an important role in the formation of ocular dominance layers in the LGN (Meister et al.: 1991) It would be interesting to have a systematic study of neuronal tissue on the mm scale in different areas and under different conditions, ....

Meister M., Wong R.O.L., Denis A.B. and Shatz C.J. 1991. Synchronous bursts of action potentials in ganglion cells of the developing mammalian retina. Science 252, 939--943.

....dominance segregation is complete. Interest in the contribution to map formation and eye specific segregation of previsual activity in the retina has been re awakened recently by the finding that spontaneous retinal activity takes the form of waves sweeping across the retina in a random direction [12]. Although this finding has in turn generated a wave of theoretical activity, it is important to note that the theoretical principles of how correlated activity can guide map formation have been fairly well worked out since the 1970 s [16, 11] Discovery of the precise form that these correlations ....

Meister, M., Wong, R.O.L., Baylor, D.A. & Shatz, C.J. (1991). Synchronous bursts of action potentials in ganglion cells of the developing mammalian retina. Science, 252, 939-943.

....between the eyes, these patterns of activity can support eye specific segregation of afferents in the dGLN. Rough calculations also suggest that the waves could support activity driven refinement of the retinotopic projection to adult levels of precision. Using arrays of micro electrodes (Meister et al. 1991; Meister et al. 1994; Wong et al. 1993) and voltage sensitive dyes (Wong et al. 1995; Feller et al. 1996) researchers have been able to record activity in the immature ferret retina. They have found this activity to be quite regular and systematic essentially, waves of high firing ....

....that have RF centers at the same point in visual space have an overall scatter of 2 10 ffi (area centralis to periphery) with the standard deviation of the scatter being . 5 2 ffi (Sanderson, 1971) 7 Given that the recordings of retinas were done between the blind spot and the periphery (Meister et al. 1991; Wong et al. 1993) they likely are between 5 20 ffi eccentricity in the retina. Therefore, in the adult the minimal amount of visual distance one can shift and be sure of shifting laterally in terms of dLGN cells is approximately 3 5 ffi . By these calculations, the waves could serve to ....

Meister, M., Wong, R. O. L., Baylor, D. A., and Shatz, C. (1991). Synchronous bursts of action potentials in ganglion cells of the developing mammalian retina. Science, 252(5008):939--943.

....dense nature of natural input images. However, there are two ways why such sparse input patterns might actually be realistic: 1) it is possible that much of the self organization occurs prenatally based on traveling activity waves in the retina, such as those observed in the ferret and in the cat (Meister et al. 1991; Wong et al. 1993) Such waves appear to have the necessary sparse structure. 2) Although the natural images may be dense originally, after the edge enhancement mechanisms in the retina, they also have a sparse structure, with linear features at the local level (Wandell 1995) If retinal ....

Meister, M., Wong, R., Baylor, D., and C.J.Shatz (1991). Synchronous bursts of action-potentials in the ganglion cells of the developing mammalian retina. Science, 252:939--943.

....traditional Hebbian learning rule such that weight changes would be proportional to presynaptic activity and a trace (running average) of postsynaptic activity. The network was trained by sweeping one orientation at a time across the entire input field such as may occur during prenatal development [130, 132]. One representation unit would become active due to the competition in that layer, and it would stay active as the input moved to a new location. Thus units signaling horizontal at multiple locations would strengthen their connections to the same output unit. This mechanism can learn ....

M. Meister, R. Wong, D. Baylor, and C. Shatz. Synchronous bursts of action potentials in ganglion cells of the developing mammalian retina. Science, 252(5008):939--43, 1991.

....This work was supported by a S.E.R.C. grant whilst the author was completing his PhD at the University of Stirling, Scotland. 7 This does not preclude correlation being involved in pre natal calibration of spatial representations, since the eye spontaneously generate correlated activity (Meister et al. 1991). ....

Meister, M, Wong, R.O.L, Baylor, D.A., & Shatz, C.J. 1991. Synchronous bursts of action potentials in ganglion cells of the developing mammalian retina.

....waves generated by the reticular thalamic nucleus [Golomb, Wang and Rinzel, 1994, Contreras and Steriade, 1996] may well be an example of coherent activity. Another example could be the synchronous bursts of activity that propagate as wave fronts in retinal ganglion cells of neonatal mammals [Meister et al.: 1991, Wong, 1993] It has been suggested that these waves play an important role in the formation of ocular dominance layers in the LGN [Meister et al.: 1991] 11.7 The Importance of Noise The effects of noise, displayed in Fig. 11.11, are deconstructive, in the sense that noise causes ....

.... Another example could be the synchronous bursts of activity that propagate as wave fronts in retinal ganglion cells of neonatal mammals [Meister et al.: 1991, Wong, 1993] It has been suggested that these waves play an important role in the formation of ocular dominance layers in the LGN [Meister et al.: 1991]. 11.7 The Importance of Noise The effects of noise, displayed in Fig. 11.11, are deconstructive, in the sense that noise causes desynchronization and, therefore, eliminates the coherent behavior. However, desynchronization may also have useful aspects, as seen in section 11.4 and displayed in ....

Meister M., Wong R.O.L., Denis A.B. and Shatz C.J. (1991). Synchronous bursts of action potentials in ganglion cells of the developing mammalian retina. Science 252, 939--943.

.... (Yuste, Peinado, Katz, 1992) Synchronized activity may have an important role in timekeeping general cognitive functions (Engel, Konig, Kreiter, Shillen, Singer, 1992) In the retina, ganglion cells undergo spontaneous activity during development long before external visual input is received (Meister, Wong, Baylor, Shatz, 1991). The activity takes the form of a wave of excitation which spreads across the retina at a rate of around 100 m per second. These waves of activity have been implicated in the formation of a topographic map between the retina, lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and visual cortex. This synchronous ....

Meister, M., Wong, R., Baylor, D., & Shatz, C. (1991). Synchronous Bursts of Action Potentials in Ganglion Cells of the Developing Mammalian Retina. Science, 252, 939--943.

....ocular dominance stripe segregation without further assumptions. 1. 2 Input Correlations It is known experimentally that neighbouring cells within the retina have correlated activities when firing spontaneously in the goldfish [Arnett 1978, Ginsburg et al. 1984] and in the cat [Mastronade 1989, Meister et al. 1991]. Although correlations between the two retinae have not been measured, it seems reasonable to assume that for animals such as cats and monkeys that use stereo vision the following are true: ffl Between eye correlations are approximately zero before eye opening, and for the abnormal cases of ....

Meister, M., Wong, R.O.L., Baylor, D.A. & Shatz, C.J. (1991). Synchronous bursts of action potentials in ganglion cells of the developing mammalian retina. Science, 252, 939-943.

....from the uniform distribution in the range [0; The elongated spots approximate natural visual stimuli after the edge detection and enhancement mechanisms in the retina. They can also be seen as a model of the intrinsic retinal activity waves that occur in late pre natal development in mammals (Meister, Wong, Baylor, and Shatz 1991). The RFLISSOM network models the self organization of the visual cortex based on these natural sources of elongated features. The afferent weights are initially set to random values, and the lateral weights are preset to a smooth Gaussian profile. The connections are organized throughan ....

Meister, M., Wong, R., Baylor, D., and Shatz, C. (1991). Synchronous bursts of action-potentials in the ganglion cells of the developing mammalian retina. Science, 252:939--943.

.... in the mapping occur (Wiesel Hubel, 1963; Blakemore van Sluyters, 1974; Blakemore et al. 1978; LeVay et al. 1980) This evidence has been qualified slightly by more recent work which has established an important role for pre natal neural activity in many species (Shatz Stryker, 1988; Meister et al. 1991). This later work describes simple locally correlated waves of retinal ganglion activity which are involved in establishing the connectivity of the eyes to segregated regions of the LGN and V1. However, the work of Blakemore and others has established an intrinsic role for learning in even the ....

Meister, M., Wong, R.O.L, Baylor, D.A., & Shatz, C.J. 1991. Synchronous bursts of action potentials in ganglion cells of the developing mammalian retina. Science, 252, 939--943.

....with activity dependent network organization and can be generalized to other interesting cases, in particular to neocortex. Basic to the fiber sorting mechanism is the fact that the spontaneous activity of neighbouring retinal ganglion cells is correlated due to excitatory connections in retina [Mas83, MWBS91]. These correlations carry complete information about neighbourhood relationships within retina, without coding for retinal position directly. They are used for fiber sorting in the following way: Retinal fibers establish tentative contacts on tectum. Through these contacts they impress their ....

M. Meister, R.O.L. Wong, D.A. Baylor, and C.J. Shatz. Synchronous bursts of action potentials in ganglion cells of the developing mammalian retina. Science, 252:939--943, 1991.

.... terminals serving the two eyes (see discussion in [44] The signal indicating that different terminals represent the same eye appears to be the correlations in their neural activities [54] These correlations exist due both to spontaneous activity, which is locally correlated within each retina [36, 37, 38, 64], and to visually induced activity, which correlates the activities of retinotopically nearby neurons within each eye and, to a lesser extent, between the eyes [26] The segregation process is competitive. If one eye is caused to have less activity than the other during a critical period in which ....

....review can only point to a small sample of the rich literature on this topic. Among the many open questions in the field are: How can biologically interpretable models replicate the details of cortical maps Might orientation selectivity arise from early oriented wave patterns of retinal activity [38, 64] or other mechanisms, rather than through ON OFF competition Might the initial development of orientation selectivity occur through patterning of intracortical connections, rather than through patterning of LGN connections to cortex 7 How might intracortical plasticity affect receptive field ....

M. Meister, R.O.L. Wong, D.A. Baylor, and C.J. Shatz. Synchronous bursts of action-potentials in ganglion cells of the developing mammalian retina. Science, 252:939--943, 1991.

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Meister, M., Wong, R., Baylor, D. and Shatz, C. (1991) Synchronous bursts of action potentials in ganglion cells of the developing memmalian retina. Science, 252, 939-943.

No context found.

M. Meister, R. O. L. Wong, D. A. Baylor, and C. J. Shatz, Synchronous bursts of action-potentials in the ganglion cells of the developing mammalian retina, Science, 252:939--943 (1991).

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