GIBSON,J.J. 1977. The Theory of Affordances. In Perceiving, Acting and Knowing.R.E.Sahw & J. Bransford, Eds. Lawrence Erlbaum Ass. Hillsdale, CA. 67--82.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

.... and prodding objects (e.g. a toy car or a bottle) the behavior of the object associated with a particular manipulation of it (e.g. a toy car rolls along if pushed appropriately, while a bottle tends to roll sideways) Their results were in accordance with the theory of Gibsonian affordances [46]. A developmental algorithm tested on a robot that had to learn to navigate on its own in an unknown indoor environment is described in Weng et al. 27] The robot was trained interactively, that is, on line and in real time, via direct touch of one of the ### touch sensors located on the robot s ....

J.J. Gibson. The theory of affordances. In R.Shaw and J.Brandsford, editors, Perceiving, Acting, and Knowing: Toward and Ecological Psychology, pages 62--82. 1977.

....in the system can have access to the same knowledge about how an object can be manipulated. Although this might at first seem to be a less realistic approach than the former, this may not be the case. Within the fields of psychology and Human Computer Interaction (HCI) the concept of affordance [Gib77] suggests that the design of real world devices inform users in how to operate the device. The de facto example of this is that the shape of a door handle (which matches the shape of a human hand) suggests to a human that the handle should be grasped and turned. However, the most compelling ....

Gibson, J.J., The Theory of Affordances, In R. Shaw & J. Bransford (eds.), Perceiving, Acting and Knowing. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum,1977.

....by interpretive affordances and the internal structure of the AI system is conditioned by authorial affordances. Before describing interpretative and authorial affordance, it is useful to first define the more general concept of affordance. The notion of affordance was first suggested by Gibson [24, 25] as a way to understand perception and was later re articulated by Norman [26] in the field of interface design. Affordances refer to the perceived properties of things, particularly those properties that suggest actions that can be taken with the thing. Affordances are the opportunities for ....

J. Gibson, "The theory of affordances", in R. E. Shaw & J. Bransford (Eds.), Perceiving, acting, and knowing, (Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum Associates, 1977).

....blurred. Drawing more from the neural science literature, we now know that areas active when reaching and or grasping present a mixed structure containing action and sensory related neurons. Arbib and colleagues [6] interpreted these responses as the neural analogue of the affordances of Gibson [7]. In Gibson s theory an affordance is a visual characteristic of an object which can elicit an action without necessarily involving an object recognition stage. It seems that areas AIP (parietal) and F5 (premotor frontal) are active in such a way to provide the individual with a mechanism to ....

J. Gibson, "The theory of affordances," in Perceiving, acting and knowing: toward an ecological psychology (R. Shaw and J. Bransford, eds.), pp. 67--82, Hillsdale NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers, 1977.

....ontology is specially interested to the latter kind of entities, which help generalize our specific knowledge of the world. This position reflects the so called interactionist paradigm, which (though not prevalent) has strong support in psychology of perception and cognitive linguistics [Gibson 1977, Lakoff and Johnson 1999] and seems to be a good compromise between hard referentialist ontology and purely context oriented semiotics. An extreme example of how ontologically relevant entities depend on our perceptive and cognitive structures is the notion of constellation: is a constellation ....

J. J. Gibson. The Theory of Affordances. In R. E. Shaw, J. Bransford (eds.), Perceiving, Acting and Knowing , Hillsdale, LEA, 1977.

....blurred. Drawing more from the neural science literature, we now know that areas active when reaching and or grasping present a mixed structure containing action and sensory related neurons. Arbib and colleagues [2] interpreted these responses as the neural analogue of the affordances of Gibson [5]. In Gibson s theory an affordance is a visual characteristic of an object which can elicit an action without necessarily involving an object recognition stage. It seems that areas AIP (parietal) and F5 (premotor frontal) are active in such a way to provide the individual with a mechanism to ....

J. J. Gibson. The theory of affordances. In R. Shaw and J. Bransford, editors, Perceiving, acting and knowing: toward an ecological psychology, pages 67--82. Hillsdale NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers, 1977.

.... (a sort of cognitive metaphysics) We draw inspiration here from Searle s notion of deep background [18] which represents the set of skills, tendencies and habits shared by humans because of their peculiar biological make up, and their evolved ability to interact with their ecological niches [9]. The consequences of this approach are that our categories are at the so called mesoscopic level, and they do not claim any special robustness against the state of the art in scientific knowledge: they are just descriptive notions [21] that assist in making already formed conceptualizations ....

Gibson, J. J.: The Theory of Affordances. In: R. E. Shaw and J. Bransford (eds.), Perceiving, Acting and Knowing. LEA, Hillsdale (1977)

....ontology is specially interested to the latter kind of entities, which help generalize our specific knowledge of the world. This position reflects the so called interactionist paradigm, which (though not prevalent) has strong support in psychology of perception and cognitive linguistics [Gibson 1977, Lakoff and Johnson 1999] and seems to be a good compromise between hard referentialist ontology and purely context oriented semiotics. An extreme example of how ontologically relevant entities depend on our perceptive and cognitive structures is the notion of constellation: is a constellation ....

J. J. Gibson. The Theory of Affordances. In R. E. Shaw, J. Bransford (eds.), Perceiving, Acting and Knowing , Hillsdale, LEA, 1977.

....etc. Our approach requires that the cognitive and social dimensions of this extension should also be addressed. These issues can be explore using Gibson s notion of affordance, which he defined as a capability for a specific kind of action, involving an animal and a part of its environment [3]. For example, a back button on a browser provides an affordance for returning to the previously viewed page. Werner Kuhn has used semiotic morphisms, Gibsonian affordances, and blending to develop semantics for geographic information system interfaces [13] 3 Some Examples Because a major ....

James Gibson. The theory of affordances. In Robert Shaw and John Bransford, editors, Perceiving, Acting and Knowing: Toward an Ecological Psychology. Erlbaum, 1977.

....uses in different sub communities, as well as to misunderstandings misuses, and evolution, e.g. though metaphorical extension. Moreover, the social category into which a perception is placed also effects the perception, as is brought out, for example, in James Gibson s theory of affordances [10]. Although mathematical objects might differ less from real world objects than was once thought, and future research might bring them even closer together, we can still say that Platonic objects do not appear in the real world, and that it is not possible to observe any causal role for them in any ....

James Gibson. The theory of affordances. In Robert Shaw and John Bransford, editors, Perceiving, Acting and Knowing: Toward an Ecological Psychology. Erlbaum, 1977.

....of meaning. Searle argues that this demonstrates that even a program that succeeded in simulating consciousness could not be conscious. McCarthy [4] and many others have of course argued against this position, often by misinterpreting it. Another serious challenge comes from work of James Gibson [10] on affordances, showing that many cognitive tasks are greatly simplified by using information already in the world, instead of relying on complex internal representations. Work in cognitive linguistics has shown that many basic metaphors rely on innate sensory motor schemas [11] Neurophysiology ....

James Gibson. The theory of affordances. In Robert Shaw and John Bransford, editors, Perceiving, Acting and Knowing: Toward an Ecological Psychology. Erlbaum, 1977.

....chance encounter occurs at the point in human interaction with an information system when a human makes an accidental and often sagacious discovery. The encounter is generally influenced by the person s prior knowledge, although not necessarily, and by the person s recognition of the affordances (Gibson, 1977) in the text (Toms, 2000) Like the role of serendipity in scientific breakthroughs and discoveries, these chance encounters may lead to an outcome not anticipated at the outset. Inducing Serendipity In her study of 47 readers of a daily digital newspaper, Toms (2000) experimentally manipulated ....

Gibson, JJ (1977). "The theory of affordances," In R. Shaw & J. Bransford (eds.), Perceiving, Acting and Knowing: Toward an Ecological Psychology (pp.67-82). Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum.

....be viewed as an abstract information structure. At this abstract level a goal is a required state of the system. Monk (1999) has argued the value of equating goals with states of the environment rather than processes in this way. Affordances: The term affordance was introduced to psychology by Gibson (1977, 1979) and has since been used by others in the HCI literature. For many, the term has come to refer to some intuitive way of using an artefact. So for example, certain kinds of door handle are intuitive in that they afford pushing not pulling or vice versa. Recently Norman (1999) has argued with ....

Gibson, J.J. (1977) The theory of affordances. In Shaw, R.E. and Bransford, J. (Eds.) Perceiving acting and knowing. Hillsdale, N.J: Erlbaum Associates.

....begun to explore these issues experimentally, but have not brought powerful modeling tools to the table, nor have looked closely at the biological underpinnings of the problem. Our research does both. There is also a relationship to the school of ecological psychology [28] as formulated by Gibson [35] and developed further by Neisser using schema theory [51] We have previously shown a connection between affordance based perception and perceptual schemas [6] We continue to explore this avenue in light of new biological data. One study assesses how praying mantises react to different aspects ....

Gibson, J.J., "The Theory of Affordances", Perceiving, Acting, and Knowing, ed. Shaw, R., and Bransford, J., Erlbaum, 1977.

.... interesting to explore in future research include: making proof displays more interactive; evaluating the use of audio, avatars, chatrooms, and archetypal characters; further developing the theory of hidden semiotic morphisms for dynamic displays; and integration with Gibson s notion of affordance [5, 6]. Acknowledgements We especially thank Dr. Grigore Rosu for his extensive work on the Tatami project for his PhD at UCSD. We also thank Prof. Kokichi Futatsugi for his encouragement and support through the CafeOBJ project, and we thank the international community interested in behavioral ....

James Gibson. The theory of affordances. In Robert Shaw and John Bransford, editors, Perceiving, Acting and Knowing: Toward an Ecological Psychology. Erlbaum, 1977.

....to concentrate on high level task s rather than on low level motor activities. Some solutions to this matter start to be proposed [8] Unfortunately, less attention has been given to exploit implementations of high level interaction metaphors. Existing works remain in the theoretical level [22], or mainly concern hand gesture recognition, as for instance, a dynamic two handed gesture recognition system for object modelling [11] Aiming to fulfil this gap in the VR research, we propose a framework to perform high level interactions with virt ual objects that, by knowing how the user ....

J. J. Gibson, "The theory of affordances", In R. Shaw & J. Brandsford (eds.), Perceiving, Acting and Knowing. Hillsdale, NJ:Erlbaum, 1977.

....have begun to explore these issues experimentally, but have not brought powerful modeling tools to the table, nor have looked closely at the biological underpinnings of the problem. Our research does both. There is also a relationship to the school of ecological psychology as formulated by Gibson [22] and developed further by Neisser using schema theory [31] We have previously shown a connection between affordance based perception and perceptual schemas [6] We continue to explore this avenue in light of new biological data. Our research focuses on three major questions: 1. How can ....

Gibson, J.J., "The Theory of Affordances", Perceiving, Acting, and Knowing, ed. Shaw, R., and Bransford, J., Erlbaum, 1977.

....robotic agent s ecological relationships, it is impossible to effectively construct an intelligent robotic system. The notion of thus viewing a robot as inseparable from its environment is central to this position [5] and is consistent with views from a biological psychological perspective (e.g. [11,13,12]) 2. No Excuses In order to effectively study robotic agents then, it becomes necessary to ground them in real situations, using physical agents whenever and wherever possible. This requirement is reflected in all of the papers included in this special issue. Intelligent robotics requires real ....

Gibson, J.J., "The Theory of Affordances", Perceiving, Acting, and Knowing, ed. Shaw, R., and Bransford, J., Erlbaum, 1977.

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GIBSON,J.J. 1977. The Theory of Affordances. In Perceiving, Acting and Knowing.R.E.Sahw & J. Bransford, Eds. Lawrence Erlbaum Ass. Hillsdale, CA. 67--82.

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J. J. Gibson, "The Theory of Affordances," The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception, Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, 1979.

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J. J. Gibson, "The Theory of Affordances," The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception, Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, 1979.

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Gibson, JJ, "The theory of affordances." In Shaw, R. E. and Bransford J. (Eds.), Perceiving, Acting, and Knowing. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1977

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J.J. Gibson, The theory of affordances, in Perceiving, acting, and knowing, (Eds.: R. E. Shaw, J. Bransford), Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, 1977.

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Gibson, J.J. The theory of affordances. In Perceiving, acting, and knowing, R. Shaw, and J.Bransford, Eds. 1977, Erlbaum Associates: Hillsdale, N. J.

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J. J. Gibson. The theory of affordances. In R. E. Shaw and J. Bransford, editors, Perceiving, acting and knowing, pages 67--82. Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ, 1977.

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