K. Appleby, S. Fakhouri, L. Fong, M. K. G. Goldszmidt, S. Krishnakumar, D. Pazel, J. Pershing, and B. Rochwerger. Oceano - SLA-based Management of a Computing Utility. In Proceedings of the IFIP/IEEE Symposium on Integrated Network Management, May 2001.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....to use as few servers as possible to meet the service level agreements for various applications they maximize the number of unused servers so that they can be powered down to reduce energy consumption. Two recent efforts have focused on workload driven allocation in dedicated data centers [14], 25] In these efforts, each application is assumed to run on some number of dedicated servers and the goal is to dynamically allocate and deallocate (entire) servers to applications to handle workload fluctuations. These efforts focus on issues such as how many servers to allocate to an ....

K Appleby et. al. Oceano - SLA-based Management of a Computing Utility. In Proceedings of the IFIP/IEEE Symposium on Integrated Network Management, May 2001.

....to use as few servers as possible to meet the service level agreements for various applications they maximize the number of unused servers so that they can be powered down to reduce energy consumption. Two recent efforts have focused on workload driven allocation in dedicated data centers [14], 25] In these efforts, each application is assumed to run on some number of dedicated servers and the goal is to dynamically allocate and deallocate (entire) servers to applications to handle workload fluctuations. These efforts focus on issues such as how many servers to allocate to an ....

K Appleby et. al. Oceano - SLA-based Management of a Computing Utility. In Proceedings of the IFIP/IEEE Symposium on Integrated Network Management, May 2001.

....[7] Harness [27] and Cactus [4] Meanwhile, the Grid resources can also be used as a data storage and management utility, such as in the experiments. Storage Resource Broker [9] NeST [10] the Data Grid [14] and OceanStore [26] Industry efforts parallel those of the academia, such as Oceano [6] at IBM and Planetary Computing [2] at HP. In this paper, we focus on application service hosting as another emerging usage of Grid utility. Recently, the vision of integrating Grid and Web service concepts and technologies has been proposed as the Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) 22, 23] ....

K. Appleby, S. Fakhouri, L. Fong, G. Goldszmidt, and M. Kalantar. Oceano: SLA based Management of a Computing Utility. Proceedings of IFIP/IEEE Intl. Symp. on Integrated Network Management, May 2001.

....allocated to the ASes according to their time varying service loads. Therefore, ASHoP reflects the vision of utility computing: computational resources are supplied on demand, and turned off when no longer needed. ASHoPs have recently drawn tremendous attention from both industry (such as Oceano [5] of IBM and Utility Data Center [4] of HP) and academia (such as Denali [31] SHoP [28] and SODA [19] However, current research in ASHoP mainly focuses on resource and service quality issues. Little efforts have been devoted to the critical problem of OS architecture and mechanisms for ASHoP ....

....hand, AS hosting involves not just contents, but also highly application specific software (such as genome matching and e Commerce) Therefore, it requires a higher degree of isolation between ASes in resource, administration, and fault attack recovery. Examples of ASHoP platform include Oceano [5] of IBM and Utility Data Center [4] of HP. Recently, virtual OS has received significant attention in the OS community. Representative projects include Denali [31] UML [13] UMLinux [12] SODA [19] and Xen [8] They all support the creation of virtual servers based on the guest OS host OS ....

K. Appleby, S. Fakhouri, L. Fong, G. Goldszmidt, and M. Kalantar. Oceano: SLA based Management of a Computing Utility. IFIP/IEEE Intl. Symp. on Integrated Network Management, May 2001.

....conceived of as a way to improve performance of web servers by selecting a web server that has the request cached in memory (instead of on disk) Although energy management was not the focus of that study, it is likely that fetching a cached copy of the document will save energy as well. Oceano [17] is a system managing an e business computing utility. It dynamically assigns servers from a common pool to to multiple customers in response to changing workload to meet quality of service constraints. It would be straight forward to augment the server assignment with PARD like policies to reduce ....

K. Appleby, S. Fakhouri, L. Fong, G. Goldszmidt, M. Kalantar, S. Krishnakumar, D. Pazel, J. Pershing, and B. Rochwerger, "Oceano - SLA based management of a computing utility, " in Proceedings of the 7th IFIP/IEEE International Symposium on Integrated Network Management, 2001.

....part of Service Level Agreements [13] SLAs) which also specify pricing rules for the offered services and a penalty schema to be used if the quality of the offered service violates the agreed upon SLA contract. Various techniques have been investigated to supervise execution of the SLA contract [1], and to notify the management application about any QoS violations. In addition to dealing with resource availability problems, fault diagnosis has to isolate the causes of these performance QoS related notifications. Support for performance problems diagnosis is needed in both the system model ....

K. Appleby, S. Fakhouri, L. Fong, G. Goldszmidt, M. Kalantar, S. Krishnakumar, D. Pazel, J. Pershing, and B. Rochwerger. Oc eano -- SLA-based management of computing utility. In IM'01 [16]. (to appear).

....to our knowledge are unique. The findings provide insight needed to design policies for adaptive distributed resource allocation. II. RELATED WORK Solutions to adaptively allocate resources at a single site are being developed by many system vendors. HP s Utility Data Center [6] IBM s Oceano [12], and Peakstone [13] all support means to dynamically allocate resources in a single site among multiple customers sharing the site. CDNs such as Akamai [3] and DigitalIsland [4] host services on a geographically distributed infrastructure. Ejasent [5] also hosts services on a distributed ....

K. Appleby, S. Fakhouri, L. Fong, G. Goldszmidt, and M. Kalantar, "Oceano - SLA based management of a computing utility," in IFIP/IEEE Intl. Symp. on Integrated Network Management, May 2001.

....adapt to these workloads, they result in poor resource utilization or significant performance degradation when loads exceed capacity. To address these limitations, infrastructure on demand architectures have been recently introduced to dynamically share the vast computing resources of IDCs [1], 18] The central idea of such architectures is to securely and adaptively migrate servers from one site to another according to workload demands. For example, if one hosted application is experiencing a demand surge, servers can be migrated to this site from a shared pool S. Ranjan, H. Fu, and ....

....= 20 min B = 5 min log log Fig. 9. Impact of Autocorrelation VI. RELATED WORK As described in the Introduction and illustrated in Section V, static partitioning of IDC resources results in under utilization of resources. A number of related approaches have been proposed to address this issue [1], 9] 12] 18] 19] Each offers a notion of utility computing where resources can be acquired and released when where they are needed. Such architectures can be classified as employing shared server utility or full server utility models. With the shared server utility model, many services ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

K. Appleby et al. Oceano -- SLA based management of a computing utility. In Proceedings of the IFIP/IEEE International Symposium on Integrated Network Management, May 2001.

....we anticipate that, in the future, storage service providers will not necessarily own their own physical resources. Instead, their infrastructure will be provided by on demand aggregation of resources from multiple disparate data centers, following the principles of a resource utility model [10, 11]. Even today, the infrastructure of SSPs and big corporations consists of many, heterogeneous and distributed physical storage resources. In this context, logical volume managers are used in order to simplify the management and facilitate the use of diverse resources. Logical volumes provide an ....

....logical volume assignment by interacting with an ASR representative. The volume assignments may be dynamic to accommodate system reconfiguration, fluctuating demand or changing workloads. Automating the resource management in such environments is the focus of several current research projects [ 10, 11, 15]. When a client requires access to a file, it performs a lookup by sending a lookup request to the file server that hosts the logical volume where the parent directory of the file resides. The file server performs lookup locally on the parent directory and returns the file handle corresponding to ....

K. Appleby, S. Fakhouri, L. Fong, G. Golds2xnidt, M. Kalantar, S. Krishnakumar, D. P. Pazel, J. Pershing, and B. Rochwerger., "Oceano - SLA Based Management of a Computing Utility," presented at Proceedings of the 7th IFIP/IEEE International Symposium on Integrated Network Management, 2001.

....we anticipate that, in the future, storage service providers will not necessarily own their own physical resources. Instead, their infrastructure will be provided by on demand aggregation of resources from multiple disparate data centers, following the principles of a resource utility model [10, 11]. Even today, the infrastructure of SSPs and big corporations consists of many, heterogeneous and distributed physical storage resources. In this context, logical volume managers are used in order to simplify the management and facilitate the use of diverse resources. Logical volumes provide ....

....logical volume assignment by interacting with an ASR representative. The volume assignments may be dynamic to accommodate system reconfiguration, fluctuating demand or changing workloads. Automating the resource management in such environments is the focus of several current research projects [10, 11, 15]. When a client requires access to a file, it performs a lookup by sending a lookup request to the file server that hosts the logical volume where the parent directory of the file resides. The file server performs lookup locally on the parent directory and returns the file handle corresponding ....

K. Appleby, S. Fakhouri, L. Fong, G. Goldszmidt, M. Kalantar, S. Krishnakumar, D. P. Pazel, J. Pershing, and B. Rochwerger., "Oceano - SLA Based Management of a Computing Utility," presented at Proceedings of the 7th IFIP/IEEE International Symposium on Integrated Network Management, 2001.

....like in systems that harvest idle workstations (e.g. 2, 24] or as a management technique for manually excluding a cluster node. We use load concentration as a first class technique for conserving power and energy in clusters. A few other projects deal with cluster reconfiguration (e.g. [14, 1, 31, 16]) Even though these projects do not consider power and energy issues, they lend themselves nicely to the powering down of unused systems. The technique that is closest in spirit to load concentration for power and energy is offloading computation from a battery operated device to a remote ....

K. Appleby, S. Fakhouri, L. Fong, G. Goldszmidt, M. Kalantar, S. Krishnakumar, D.P. Pazel, J. Pershing, and B. Rochwerger. Oceano - SLA Based Management of a Computing Utility. In Proceedings of the 7th IFIP/IEEE International Symposium on Integrated Network Management, 2001.

....execution plan, and then adjusts the cost estimates and statistics that may be used in future query optimizations. Although it does not currently do so, Hippodrome could use such feedback from observed system performance to improve the quality of its storage device performance models. Oceano [7] focuses on managing an e business computing utility without human intervention, automatically allocating and configuring servers and network interconnections in a data center. It uses simple metrics for performance such as number of active connections and overall response time; it is similar in ....

K. Appleby, S. Fakhouri, L. Fong, G. Goldszmidt, M. Kalantar, S. Krishnakumar, D. P. Pazel, J. Pershing, and B. Rochwerger. Oceano -- SLA based management of a computing utility. In Integrated Network Management VII, May 2001.

....the inverse of the load balancing operation. Other systems use load concentration, but only as a remedial (e.g. 2, 24] or management technique. A few projects deal with cluster reconfiguration, besides the systems that harvest idle machines. One such ongoing research project is Oceano at IBM [1]. In their work, they have three tiers of computers. The first is a front end system that monitors workload. The third tier is composed of large database servers that are statically assigned to customers. In the second tier, many machines reply to generated requests. These machines can be shifted ....

K. Appleby, S. Fakhouri, L. Fong, G. Goldszmidt, M. Kalantar, S. Krishnakumar, D.P. Pazel, J. Pershing, and B. Rochwerger. Oceano - SLA Based Management of a Computing Utility. In Proceedingsof the 7th IFIP/IEEE International Symposium on Integrated Network Management, 2001.

....conditioning, and cooling [29] This energy would cost 2B annually at a common price of 100 per MWh; price peaks of 500 per MWh have been common on the California spot market. Energy will make up a growing share of operating costs as administration for these centers is increasingly automated [5, 12]. Moreover, generating this electricity would release about 12M tons of new CO2 annually. Some areas are zoning against data centers to protect their local power systems [29] Improving energy efficiency for data centers will yield important social and environmental benefits, in addition to ....

....evenly across the entire active server pool. The resource container allotment for service i is set on every active server as a percentage of total # allotted to all services in that epoch. In practice, it may be desirable to partition the server pool for stronger security or fault isolation [35, 5]. The executive emits a sequence of commands to control the active server sets, server power states, and resource allotments. A separate actuator program triggers the state changes by passing commands to the switches and servers. For example, the actuator changes resource allotments by issuing ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

Karen Appleby, Sameh Fakhouri, Liana Fong, German Goldszmidt, Michael Kalantar, Srirama Krishnakumar, Donald Pazel, John Pershing, and Benny Rochwerger. Oceano - SLA Based Management of a Computing Utility. In Proceedings of the 7th IFIP/IEEE International Symposium on Integrated Network Management,May 2001.

....a server farm. Currently, GulfStream only manages virtual LAN settings, by reconfiguring the network switches via SNMP, to move servers from domain to domain. This paper does not address these control mechanisms further; they are described in [7] GulfStream is an underlying technology of Oceano [1], a prototype of a scalable, manageable infrastructure for a large server farm. This infrastructure enables multi domain hosting on a collection of hardware resources interconnected by switched LANs. Oceano is motivated by largescale web hosting environments, which increasingly require Figure 1. ....

....of the domains by adding and removing nodes. It does so by reconfiguring the switches to redefine VLAN membership. In addition to changing the VLAN membership, such nodes need to change their personality ; they may need a new operating system, applications and data. Other components of Oceano [1] are responsible for these changes. When a node is logially moved from one domain to another, the VLANs to which its adapters are connected may change. Consider one such adapter. It is not aware that the VLAN to which it belongs has changed. It still tries to heartbeat with the adapters in its ....

K. Appleby, S. Fakhouri, L. Fong, M. K. G. Goldszmidt, S. Krishnakumar, D. Pazel, J. Pershing, and B. Rochwerger. Oceano --- sla based management of a computing utility. In Proc. of the 
IFIP/IEEE Intl. Symp. on Integrated Network Management (IM 2001.

....default action, which cancels the event Oceano.Yemanja.problem.cleared and leaves the problem open, is taken. If problem cancellation is to be handled explicitly the template event list passed to open problem is set to [fail] 3 Test bed environment: The Oc eano Server Farm The Oceano project [3] is developing a scalable infrastructure that enables multi enterprise hosting on a virtualized collection of hardware resources. Hosted customers increasingly require support for peak loads that are orders of magnitude larger than what they experience in their normal steady state, particularly ....

K. Appleby, S. Fakhouri, L. Fong, G. Goldszmidt, M. Kalantar, S. Krishnakumar, D. Pazel, J. Pershing, and B. Rochwerger. Oceano -- SLA-based management of computing utility. (submitted for publication).

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K. Appleby, S. Fakhouri, L. Fong, M. K. G. Goldszmidt, S. Krishnakumar, D. Pazel, J. Pershing, and B. Rochwerger. Oceano - SLA-based Management of a Computing Utility. In Proceedings of the IFIP/IEEE Symposium on Integrated Network Management, May 2001.

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G. Goldszmidt, K. Appleby, S. Fakhouri, L. Fong, M. Kalantar, S. Krishnakumar, D. Pazel, J. Pershing, and B. Rochwerger. Oc eano -- SLA based management of a computing utility. In 7th IFIP/IEEE International Symposium on Integrated Network Management (IM), May 2001.

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K. Appleby, S. Fakhouri, L. Fong, M. K. G. Goldszmidt, S. Krishnakumar, D. Pazel, J. Pershing, and B. Rochwerger. Oceano - SLA-based Management of a Computing Utility. In Proceedings of the IFIP/IEEE Symposium on Integrated Network Management, May 2001.

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K. Appleby, S. Fakhouri, L. Fong, G. Goldszmidt, M. Kalantar, S. Krishnakumar, D. Pazel, J. Pershing, and B. Rochwerger. Oceano - SLA Based Management of a Computing Utility. In Proceedings of the 7th IFIP/IEEE International Symposium on Integrated Network Management, May 2001.

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Appleby, K., Fakhouri, S., Fong, L., Goldszmidt, G., Kalantar, M., Krishnakumar, S., Pazel, D., Pershing, J., Rochwerger, B.: Oceano -- SLA based management of a computing utility. In: Proceedings of the 7th IFIP/IEEE International Symposium on Integrated Network Management. (2001)

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K. Appleby, S. Fakhouri, L. Fong, G. Goldszmidt, M. Kalantar, S. Krishnakumar, D. Pazel, J. Pershing, and B. Rochwerger. Oceano-SLA Based Management of a Computing Utility. In IEEE/IFIP Integrated Network Management Proceedings, May 2001.

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K. Appleby, S. Fakhouri, L. Fong, G. Goldszmidt, M. Kalantar, S. Krishnakumar, D. Pazel, J. Pershing, and B. Rochwerger. Oceano-SLA Based Management of a Computing Utility. In IEEE/IFIP Integrated Network Management Proceedings, May 2001.

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K. Appleby, S. Fakhouri, L. Fong, G. Goldszmidt, and M. Kalantar. Oceano: SLA based Management of a Computing Utility. IFIP/IEEE Intl. Symp. on Integrated Network Management, May 2001.

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K Appleby et. al. Oceano - sla-based management of a computing utility. In Proceedings of the IFIP/IEEE Symposium on Integrated Network Management, May 2001.

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K. Appleby, S. Fakhouri, L. Fong, M. K. G. Goldszmidt, S. Krishnakumar, D. Pazel, J. Pershing, and B. Rochwerger. Oceano - SLA-based Management of a Computing Utility. In Proceedings of the IFIP/IEEE Symposium on Integrated Network Management, May 2001.

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K. Appleby, S. Fakhouri, L. Fong, M. K. G. Goldszmidt, S. Krishnakumar, D. Pazel, J. Pershing, and B. Rochwerger. Oceano - SLA-based Management of a Computing Utility. In Proceedings of the IFIP/IEEE Symposium on Integrated Network Management, May 2001.

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K. Appleby, S. Fakhouri, L. Fong, G. Goldszmidt, M. Kalantar, S. Krishnakumar, D. Pazel, J. Pershing, and B. Rochwerger. Oceano-SLA Based Management of a Computing Utility. In IEEE/IFIP Integrated Network Management Proceedings, May 2001.

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K. Appleby, S. Fakhouri, L. Fong, G. Goldszmidt, and M. Kalantar. Oceano: SLA based Management of a Computing Utility. In Proceedings of IFIP/IEEE International Symposium on Integrated Network Management, May 2001.

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K. Appleby, S. Fakhouri, L. Fong, M. K. G. Goldszmidt, S. Krishnakumar, D. Pazel, J. Pershing, and B. Rochwerger. Oceano - SLA-based Management of a Computing Utility. In Proceedings of the IFIP/IEEE Symposium on Integrated Network Management, May 2001.

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K. Appleby, S. Fakhouri, L. Fong, M. Goldszmidt, S. Krishnakumar, D. Pazel, J.Pershing and B. Rochwerger. Oceano - SLA-based Management of a Computing Utility. In Proceedings of the IFIP/IEEE Symposium on Integrated Network Management, May 2001.

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K Appleby S. Fakhouri L. Fong M. K. G. Goldszmidt S. Krishnakumar D. Pazel J. Pershing and B. Rochwerger. Oceano--SLA-based management of a computing utility. Proceedings of the IFIP/IEEE Symposium on Integrated Network Management, 2001.

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Appleby K., Fakhouri S., Fong L., Goldszmidt G. and Kalantar M.: Oceano -- SLA Based Management of a Computing Utility. Proceedings of the IFIP/IEEE International Symposium on Integrated Network Management, May 2001.

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K. Appleby, S. Fakhouri, L. Fong, G. Goldszmidt, and M. Kalantar. Oceano: SLA based Management of a Computing Utility. IFIP/IEEE Intl. Symp. on Integrated Network Management, May 2001.

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K. Appleby, S. Fakhouri, L. Fong, G. Goldszmidt, M. Kalantar, S. Krishnakumar, D.P. Pazel, J. Pershing, and B. Rockwerger. Oceano: SLA Based Management of Computing Utility. IBM technical report.

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K. Appleby, S. Fakhouri, L. Fong, G. Goldszmidt, M. Kalantar, S. Krishnakumar, D. Pazel, J. Pershing, and B. Rochwerger. Oceano-SLA based management of a computing utility. In IEEE/IFIP Integrated Network Management Proceedings, May 2001.

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K. Appleby, S. Fakhouri, L. Fong, G. Goldszmidt, M. Kalantar and S.Krishnakumar, D. Pazel, J. Pershing and B. Rochwerger, Oceano - SLA Based Management of a Computing Utility, In Proceedings of the 7th IFIP/IEEE International Symposium on Integrated Network Management, May, 2001

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K. Appleby, S. Fakhouri, L. Fong, G. Goldszmidt, M. Kalantar, S. Krishnakumar, D. Pazel, J. Pershing, and B. Rochwerger. Oceano - SLA Based Management of a Computing Utility. In Proceedings of the 7th IFIP/IEEE International Symposium on Integrated Network Management, May 2001.

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K. Appleby, S. Fakhouri, L. Fong, G. Goldszmidt, M. Kalantar, S. Krishnakumar, D. Pazel, J. Pershing, and B. Rochwerger. Oceano - SLA Based Management of a Computing Utility. In Proceedings of the 7th IFIP/IEEE International Symposium on Integrated Network Management, May 2001.

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K. Appleby et al. Oceano -- SLA based management of a computing utility. In Proceedings of the IFIP/IEEE International Symposium on Integrated Network Management, May 2001.

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K. Appleby, S. Fakhouri, L. Fong, M. K. G. Goldszmidt, S. Krishnakumar, D. Pazel, J. Pershing, and B. Rochwerger. Oceano - SLA-based Management of a Computing Utility. In Proceedings of the IFIP/IEEE Symposium on Integrated Network Management, May 2001.

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K Appleby et. al. Oceano - SLA-based Management of a Computing Utility. In Proceedings of the IFIP/IEEE Symposium on Integrated Network Management, May 2001. 21

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K. Appleby, S. Fakhouri, L. Fong, M. K. G. Goldszmidt, S. Krishnakumar, D. Pazel, J. Pershing, and B. Rochwerger. Oceano - SLA-based Management of a Computing Utility. In Proceedings of the IFIP/IEEE Symposium on Integrated Network Management, May 2001. 9

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K Appleby et. al. Oceano - SLA-based Management of a Computing Utility. In Proceedings of the IFIP/IEEE Symposium on Integrated Network Management, May 2001.

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K Appleby et. al. Oceano - SLA-based Management of a Computing Utility. In Proceedings of the IFIP/IEEE Symposium on Integrated Network Management, May 2001.

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K Appleby et. al. Oceano - sla-based management of a computing utility. In Proceedings of the IFIP/IEEE Symposium on Integrated Network Management, May 2001.

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