P. Debevec, T. Hawkins, C. Tchou, H.-P. Duiker, W. Sarokin, and M. Sagar, "Acquiring the reflectance field of a human face," in Proc. SIGGRAPH, pp. 145--156, 2000.  Home/Search   Document Details and Download   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....linear models. Although the presented work concentrated only on head pose variations, our future goal must address other types of variation such as illuminations and expressions for realizing more robust systems. There havebeenanumber of recent progresses on both illumination variations [6, 9] and expression variations [7, 11] However, an issue on combining the variation specific solutions into a unified system that is robust against all types of variation has scarcely been investigated. We believe that our simple and general approach will benefit us for extending the presented system ....

P. Debevec, T. Hawkins, H. P.Tchou, C. Duiker, W. Sarokin, and M. Sagar. Acquiring the reflectance field of a human face. In Proceedings of Siggraph, pages 145--156, 2000.

....errors. The di#culty of conducting accurate measurements comes from many factors such as instability of the apparatus assembly and specimen inhomogeneity. Nevertheless, these measurements are important for successful synthesis of photorealistic images due to their connection with real world [2, 17, 19]. The last method of defining reflection models is based on an artist s skills where an interactive painting tool is used to define the object s appearance. This approach is widely used in non photorealistic rendering, and is currently popular for defining an arbitrary texture. Paint strokes ....

....of material recovery based on clustering method. An advantage of these algorithms is the high accuracy of the captured materials they produce; however their disadvantage is a long computational time. Measured data was used by Marschner et al. 17] to find reflectance models of human skin [2]. Our work borrows from their approach, but di#ers in BRDF repre sentation, and, instead of photographing the objects, we use software for painting models. Painting has been explored by Hanrahan and Haeberli [5] and Kalnins et al. 9] to interactively paint onto a parametrized 3D model. Sloan et ....

Paul Debevec, Tim Hawkins, Chris Tchou, Haarm-Pieter Duiker, Westley Sarokin, and Mark Sagar. Acquiring the Reflectance Field of a Human Face. In Proceedings of SIGGRAPH, 2000.

.... 3D scanning in the computer graphics community is evident by the large attendance at courses on the topic at the annual SIGGRAPH and Eurographics conferences [2] 7] 26] A number of papers on capture systems oriented towards graphics applications have appeared in the graphics literature, e.g. [9], 18] 21] as have articles considering issues concerning both graphics and the 3D capture community [28] A number of 3D scanning systems are now being marketed specifically for computer graphics applications. Some of the technology is adapted from high precision systems built for industrial ....

P. Debevec et al. Acquiring the reflectance field of a human face. In Computer Graphics (SIGGRAPH '00 Proceedings), pages 145 -- 156, 2000.

....taken with a fisheye lens. Marschner et al. 66] developed a laboratory technique for measuring BRDFs from multiple images of a curved surface such as skin; instead of assuming a flat sample, they take advantage of the additional information provided by known surface curvature. Debevec et al. [24] also acquired BRDFs of skin under controlled point source illumination, using color space techniques to separate specular and di#use reflections. Tominaga et al. 110] present a method for estimating Phong model parameters from an image of a uniform cylindrical surface. They require illumination ....

....the darker the gray. The graphs in (a) are subject RF s matches for spheres under the St. Peter s illumination; b) shows RA s matches for spheres under the Eucalyptus illumination; c) shows subject MS s matches for spheres under the Grace illumination. illumination maps due to Debevec [24], described further in Section 4.2. The synthetic illuminations included a single point source, multiple point sources, a single extended rectangular source, Gaussian white noise, and Gaussian noise with a 1 f amplitude spectrum (pink noise) The Match sphere that the subject adjusted was ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

P. E. Debevec, T. Hawkins, C. Tchou, H.-P. Duiker, W. Sarokin, and M. Sagar. Acquiring the reflectance field of a human face. Computer Graphics (SIGGRAPH) , 2000.

....appearances (Figure 8) We rendered objects with each of these reflectances and with several geometries under two sets of photographicallyacquired illumination conditions. The first set consisted of nine high dynamic range spherical illumination maps from Debevec s Light Probe Image Gallery [6] (http: www.debevec.org Probes ) which represent diverse lighting conditions from four indoor settings and five outdoor settings. The second set included 96 illumination maps based on high dynamic range imagery acquired by Teller et al. 24] in outdoor urban environments ....

P. E. Debevec, T. Hawkins, C. Tchou, H.-P. Duiker, W. Sarokin, and M. Sagar. Acquiring the reflectance field of a human face. Computer Graphics (SIGGRAPH), 2000.

....Albedo maps plus one reflection model per surface patch have been acquired for indoor scenes by Yu et al. 53] which assumed that material properties only change from patch to patch. An approach to acquire distinct reflection properties for every surface point has been published by Debevec et al. [11]. A set of images of an object, e.g. a person s face, is taken from one viewpoint while the position of a point light source is changed. Hereby, the set of incident light directions is densely sampled. The collected data allows for realistic relighting of the object illuminated by arbitrary ....

Paul Debevec, Tim Hawkins, Chris Tchou, Haarm-Pieter Duiker, Westley Sarokin, and Mark Sagar. Acquiring the reflectance field of a human face. Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 2000.

....can be efficiently queried for assembling new views. Light fields can represent the outgoing radiance of an object which exhibits subsurface scattering under fixed illumination. Relighting of the object requires to additionally record the dependency on the incident illumination. Reflection fields [3] parameterize the incident illumination by its direction only. Although different illumination can be simulated by use of different environment maps, it is not possible e.g. to cast a shadow line onto the object. The directional dependency is not sufficient to represent local variation of the ....

P. Debevec, T. Hawkins, C. Tchou, H.-P. Duiker, W. Sarokin, and M. Sagar. Acquiring the Reflectance Field of a Human Face. In Proc. SIGGRAPH, pages 145--156, July 2000. ISBN 1-58113-208-5.

.... [23] One year later, Debevec and Malik proposed a method for recovering high dynamic range radiance from photographs [22] Debevec and Malik s method was later used by Debevec to embed synthetic 14 objects into real scenes [20] and by Yu and Malik [106] Yu et al. 105] and Debevec et al. [21] to extract radiance and reflectance information from photographs and generate new images from them with updated illumination effects. Image based techniques have also been used to extract multi layer 3D representations from 2D photographs [51] and to design the office of the future [83] Horry ....

.... for surface light fields are related to methods for the acquisition, storage and processing of a surface s bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) Debevec et al. for example, use a representation analogous to a surface light field to acquire and represent the BRDF of a human face [21]. 27 Back Plane Front Plane Figure 2.4: 2D analogy of the directional and positional biases in the 2PP. The thin lines represent the set of lines generated by joining discrete points on the planes. Note that the lines have seven possible orientations, but the number of lines for each ....

Paul Debevec, Tim Hawkins, Chris Tchou, Haarm-Pieter Duiker, Westley Sarokin, and Mark Sagar. Acquiring the reflectance field of a human face. 156. ACM SIGGRAPH, 2000.

....fixing time: T # T # # ; # ;x;y; # ; # # (2) which provides the connection between reflected flux in a direction # #; # # and incident flux in another direction # # ; # # at the same point #x; y# on a material sample. This is a simplified version of a more general 8D reflectance field in [10] for a general 3D object enclosed by a convex hull by assuming parallel light sources. Since a BTF includes images of a material under all possible lighting directions, it essentially provides lighting independent appearance properties of the material. Novel images of the material under an ....

....synthesized from discrete samples. Note that BTFs are different from surface light fields [39] and view dependent textures [11] since the latter two only capture surface appearance under fixed lighting conditions. Appearance models from real images have become an active research topic in graphics [31, 32, 24, 44, 43, 10]. 3 Overview For the rest of the paper, a viewing lighting setting means a combination of viewing and lighting directions. The set of input images to our method are called the sample images of a real material. Two factors affect the appearance of bumpy surfaces: the 3D structure of the bumps ....

P. Debevec, T. Hawkins, C. Tchou, H.-P. Duiker, W. Sarokin, and M. Sagar. Acquiring the reflectance field of a human face. In Proceedings of SIGGRAPH, pages 145--156, 2000.

....We have extended this theory for use in computer graphics by adding exact single scattering, support for arbitrary geometry, and a practical sampling technique for rendering. In measurements of appearance for computer graphics, subsurface scattering has rarely been considered. Debevec et al. [3] measured light reflection from human faces, which included contributions from subsurface scattering, but they did not relate the data to the physical properties of the material. Again building on medical physics research [8, 9] we have extended a methodology developed for measuring biological ....

P. Debevec, T. Hawkins, C. Tchou, H. Duiker, W. Sarokin, and M. Sagar. Acquiring the reflectance field of a human face. In Computer Graphics Proceedings, Annual Conference Series,

....very similar to real scenes. Measuring scene attributes also introduces structure into the raw imagery, making it easier to manipulate the scene. For example, an artist can change independently the material properties or the lighting. Inverse rendering methods such as those of Debevec et al. [6], Marschner et al. 21] and Sato et al. 32] have produced high # (ravir,hanrahan) graphics.stanford.edu Real Photograph Rendered Image Figure 1: Left: Real Photograph Right: Rendered image. The BRDF used for the rendered image was estimated under complex unknown illumination from 3 ....

....using a single point source, to recover BRDF parameters and texture. Yu et al. 38] recover a texture only for the diffuse BRDF component, but account for interreflections. Using a large number of images obtained by moving a point source around a sphere surrounding the subject, Debevec et al. [6] acquire the reflectance field of a human face, and recover parameters of a microfacet BRDF model for each surface location. Sato and Ikeuchi [31] and Yu and Malik [39] recover BRDFs and diffuse textures under natural illumination, assuming a simple parametric model for skylight, and using a ....

P. Debevec, T. Hawkins, C. Tchou, H.P. Duiker, W. Sarokin, and M. Sagar. Acquiring the reflectance field of a human face. In SIGGRAPH 00, pages 145--156.

....results. To synthesize images of a diffuse object under arbitrary illumination, we therefore need only the 9 basis functions, which could be computed from a small number of photographs. Such an approach would significantly speed up both acquisition and rendering in a method such as Debevec et al. [6]. 4 Conclusions and Future Work We have described a novel analytic representation for environment maps used to render diffuse objects, and have given explicit formulae for implementation. Our approach allows us to use an arbitrary illumination distribution for the diffuse component of the BRDF, ....

P. Debevec, T. Hawkins, C. Tchou, H.P. Duiker, W. Sarokin, and M. Sagar. Acquiring the reflectance field of a human face. In SIGGRAPH 00, pages 145--156.

....simplifies the process of reflectance estimation. Figure 1 shows synthetic images of three identical spheres under different illuminations. Sphere (a) was rendered under point source illumination, while spheres (b) and (c) were rendered under photographicallycaptured real world illumination [3]. The impression of the material quality is clearer in (b) and (c) than in (a) We show that humans estimate reflectance more reliably under complex realistic illumination than under simple synthetic illumination. 2 1 0 1 2 10 2 10 0 10 2 likelihood amplitude of wavelet coefficient ....

....noted that the illuminations contain finer detail than is visible in these spheres; this detail was visible in spheres with sharper (i.e. less blurred) specular reflections. The real world illuminations were based on highdynamic range light probe images acquired photographically by Debevec et al. [3]. This was done by compositing wide angle photographs at different exposures to create a spherical image that maps the illumination at a point. The overall brightness of each illumination was scaled such that a standard Lambertian patch oriented perpendicular to the observer would yield the same ....

P. E. Debevec, T. Hawkins, C. Tchou, H.-P. Duiker, W. Sarokin, and M. Sagar. Acquiring the reflectance field of a human face. Computer Graphics (SIGGRAPH), 2000.

....appearances (Figure 8) We rendered objects with each of these reflectances and with several geometries under two sets of photographicallyacquired illumination conditions. The first set consisted of nine high dynamic range spherical illumination maps from Debevec s Light Probe Image Gallery [6] (http: www.debevec.org Probes ) which represent diverse lighting conditions from four indoor settings and five outdoor settings. The second set included 96 illumination maps based on high dynamic range imagery acquired by Teller et al. 24] in outdoor urban environments ....

P. E. Debevec, T. Hawkins, C. Tchou, H.-P. Duiker, W. Sarokin, and M. Sagar. Acquiring the reflectance field of a human face. Computer Graphics (SIGGRAPH), 2000.

....in the real world. The first data set consisted of 95 illumination maps based on imagery acquired by Teller et al. 23] in the environs of the MIT campus (http: city.lcs.mit.edu data) The second set consisted of 9 maps from Debevec s Light Probe Image Gallery (http: www.debevec.org Probes ) [5]. Debevec s maps represent diverse lighting conditions from four indoor settings and five outdoor settings. Two examples from each data set are shown in Figure 2. The images in both data sets were acquired by combining photographs at multiple exposures to obtain pixel values that are linear in ....

T. Debevec, P. E.and Hawkins, C. Tchou, H.-P. Duiker, W. Sarokin, and M. Sagar. Acquiring the reflectance field of a human face. Computer Graphics (SIGGRAPH), 2000.

....shading [10] and technical illustration [5] have incorporated color shading techniques. There have been several researchers outside of the NPR community who have tried to capture lighting effects from one medium and apply them to another scenario. Work by Miller and Hoffman [12] Debevec et al. [3, 4], and Sato et al. 13] captured lighting effects in order to plausibly embed computer graphics objects in photographs or video or to create new scenes under the same environmental conditions. Reverse engineering of BRDFs was applied to the domain of photorealism by Yu et al. 16, 17] In this ....

Paul Debevec, Tim Hawkins, Chris Tchou, HaarmPieter Duiker, Westley Sarokin, and Mark Sagar. Acquiring the reflectance field of a human face. Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 2000, pages 145--156, July 2000. ISBN 1-58113-208-5.

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Paul Debevec and Tim Hawkins and Chris Tchou and Haarm-Pieter Duiker and Westley Sarokin and Mark Sagar, "Acquiring the Reflectance Field of a Human Face", Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 2000, pp. 145--156, July 2000.

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DEBEVEC,P.,HAWKINS,T.,TCHOU, C., DUIKER, H.-P., SAROKIN,W.,AND SAGAR, M. Acquiring the reflectance field of a human face. Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 2000.

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Paul Debevec, Tim Hawkins, Chris Tchou, HaarmPieter Duiker, Westley Sarokin, and Mark Sagar. Acquiring the reflectance field of a human face. Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 2000, pages 145--156, July 2000.

No context found.

P. Debevec, T. Hawkins, C. Tchou, H.-P. Duiker, W. Sarokin, and M. Sagar. Acquiring the Reflectance Field of a Human Face. In Computer Graphics, SIGGRAPH 2000 Proceedings, pages 145--156. July 2000. 1, 3, 4, 7

....background behind it. Both of these latter techniques generally require several images of the subject with different backgrounds, which poses a challenge for compositing a live performance using this method. 5] showed an extension of environment matting applied to live video. Our previous work [7] addressed the problem of replicating environmental illumination on a foreground subject when compositing into a background environment. This work illuminated the person from a large number of incident illumination directions, and then computed linear combinations of the resulting images as in ....

....foreground object to be the same light as recorded in the real world background. Again, this technique (and subsequent work [15, 13] requires multiple images of the foreground object which precludes its use for live action subjects. In this work we extend the lighting reproduction technique in [7] to work for a moving subject by using an entire sphere of computercontrolled light sources to simultaneously illuminate the subject with a reproduction of a captured or computed illumination environment. To avoid the need for a colored backing (which might contribute to the illumination on the ....

DEBEVEC,P.,HAWKINS,T.,TCHOU, C., DUIKER, H.-P., SAROKIN,W.,AND SAGAR, M. Acquiring the reflectance field of a human face. Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 2000.

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P. Debevec, T. Hawkins, C. Tchou, H.-P. Duiker, W. Sarokin, and M. Sagar, "Acquiring the reflectance field of a human face," in Proc. SIGGRAPH, pp. 145--156, 2000.

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P. DeBevec, T. Hawkins, C. Tchou, H.-P. Duiker, W. Sarokin, and M. Sagar. Acquiring the reflectance field of a human face. In Computer Graphics, SIGGRAPH 2000.

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P.Debevec, T.Hawkins, C.Tchou, H-P.Duiker, W.Sarokin and M.Sagar "Acquiring the Reflectance Field of a Human Face," Computer Graphics Proceedings, ACM SIGGRAPH'2000, Aug.2000

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DEBEVEC,P.,HAWKINS,T.,TCHOU, C., DUIKER, H.-P., SAROKIN,W., AND SAGAR, M. 2000. Acquiring the reflectance field of a human face. In Computer Graphics, SIGGRAPH 2000 Proceedings, 145--156.

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DEBEVEC,P .,HAWKINS,T.,TCHOU, C., DUIKER, H.-P., SAROKIN,W., AND SAGAR, M. 2000. Acquiring the reflectance field of a human face. In Computer Graphics, SIGGRAPH 2000 Proceedings, 145--156.

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P. Debevec, T. Hawkins, C. Tchou, H. Duiker, W. Sarokin, and M. Sagar. Acquiring the reflectance field of a human face. In Computer Graphics (Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 2000), 145-156.

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DEBEVEC P., HAWKINS T., TCHOU C., DUIKER H.-P., SAROKIN W., SAGAR M.: Acquiring the reflectance field of a human face. Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH 2000 (2000). 72

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P. Debevec, T. Hawkins, C. Tchou, H. Duiker, W. Sarokin, and M. Sagar. Acquiring the reflectance field of a human face. SIGGRAPH, pages 145--156, 2000.

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P. Debevec, T. Hawkins, C. Tchou, H. Duiker, W. Sarokin, and M. Sagar. Acquiring the reflectance field of a human face. In Computer Graphics (Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 2000), 145-156.

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P. Debevec, T. Hawkins, C. Tchou, H.P. Duiker, W. Sarokin, and M. Sagar. Acquiring the reflectance field of a human face. In SIGGRAPH00, pages 145--156.

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Paul Debevec, Tim Hawkins, Chris Tchou, HaarmPieter Duiker, Westley Sarokin, and Mark Sagar. Acquiring the reflectance field of a human face. In Kurt Akeley, editor, Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 2000, Computer Graphics Proceedings, Annual Conference Series, pages 145--156, July 2000. 2

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P. E. Debevec, T. Hawkins, C. Tchou, H.-P. Duiker, W. Sarokin, and M. Sagar, "Acquiring the reflectance field of a human face," Computer Graphics (SIGGRAPH) , 2000.

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DEBEVEC P. HAWKINS T. , TCHOU C., DUIKER H.- P. , SAROKIN W. , SAGAR M.: Acquiring the reflectance field of a human face. In Computer Graphics (July 2000), SIGGRAPH 2000 Proceedings, pp. 145-- 156. 1, 2, 3

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P. E. Debevec, T. Hawkins, C. Tchou, H.-P. Duiker, W. Sarokin, and M. Sagar. Acquiring the reflectance field of a human face. In Computer Graphics, Annual Conference Series, pages 145--156. Siggraph, July 2000.

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P. Debevec, T. Hawkins, C. Tchou, H.-P. Duiker, W. Sarokin, and M. Sagar. Acquiring the reflectance field of a human face. In SIGGRAPH, pages 145--156, 2000.

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DEBEVEC, P, HAWKINS, T, TCHOU, C, DUIKER, H, SAROKIN, W, AND SAGAR, M, Acquiring the Reflectance Field of a Human Face, SIGGRAPH 2000, 145-156.

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P. Debevec, T. Hawkins, C. Tchou, H.-P. Duiker, W. Sarokin, and M. Sagar, "Acquiring the Reflectance Field of a Human Face," SIGGRAPH 2000.

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P. DeBevec, T. Hawkins, C. Tchou, H.-P. Duiker, W. Sarokin, and M. Sagar. Acquiring the reflectance field of a human face. In Computer Graphics, SIGGRAPH 2000.

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P. Debevec, T. Hawkins, C. Tchou, H.-P. Duiker, W. Sarokin, and M. Sagar. Acquiring the reflectance field of a human face. In Computer Graphics, SIGGRAPH 2000.

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P. Debevec, T. Hawkins, C. Tchou, H. Duiker, W. Sarokin, and M. Sagar, "Acquiring the reflectance field of a human face," in ACM SIGGRAPH, 2000, pp. 145--156.

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DEBEVEC, P, HAWKINS, T, TCHOU, C, DUIKER, H, SAROKIN, W, AND SAGAR, M, Acquiring the Reflectance Field of a Human Face, SIGGRAPH 2000, 145-156.

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P. Debevec, T. Hawkins, C. Tchou, H.-P. Duiker, W. Sarokin, and M. Sagar. Acquiring the Reflectance Field of a Human Face. In Proc. SIGGRAPH, pages 145--156, July 2000. ISBN 1-58113-208-5.

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P. E. Debevec and et. al. Acquiring the reflectance field of a human face. In Proc. SIGGRAPH 2000.

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P. DeBevec, T. Hawkins, C. Tchou, H.-P. Duiker, W. Sarokin, and M. Sagar. Acquiring the reflectance field of a human face. In Computer Graphics, SIGGRAPH 2000.

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P. Debevec, T. Hawkins, C. Tchou, H.-P. Duiker, W. Sarokin, and M. Sagar. Acquiring the reflectance field of a human face. In Proc. of ACM SIGGRAPH, 2000.

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Paul Debevec, Tim Hawkins, Chris Tchou, Haarm-Pieter Duiker, Westley Sarokin, and Mark Sagar. Acquiring the Reflectance Field of a Human Face. In SIGGRAPH, 2000.

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Paul Debevec, Tim Hawkins, Chris Tchou, Haarm-Pieter Duiker, Westley Sarokin, and Mark Sagar. Acquiring the reflectance field of a human face. In Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH 2000.

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P.Debevec, et al., Acquiring the Reflectance Field of a Human Face, SIGGRAPH 2000 Conference Proceedings

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P. Debevec, T. Hawkins, C. Tchou, H.-P. Duiker, W. Sarokin, and M. Sagar. Acquiring the reflectance field of a human face. In SIGGRAPH 2000, pp. 145--156, 2000

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