D. Scott Alexander, William A. Arbaugh, Michael W. Hicks, Pankaj Kakkar, Angelos D. Keromytis, Jonathan T. Moore, Carl A. Gunter, Scott M. Nettles, and Jonathan M. Smith. The SwitchWare active network architecture. IEEE Network Special Issue on Active and Controllable Networks, 12(3):29--36, August 1998.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....Active Mes sages [137] messages are bound to user level processing on the receiving end. This processing is responsible for extracting the message from the network and integrate it into the on going compu tation. Active networks [130] extend this idea by attaching processing to the network path [5, 11, 4] or to the messages being forwarded through it [72, 143] Active Disks [1, 113, 75] on the other hand, attach processing to the I O streams destined to or originated at disks. Active Services [54, 7] propose the construction of value added services following an active approach. In the Active ....

....network research is to develop mechanism to increase the flexibility and customizability of the network and reduce the difficulty of integrating new technology and standards into a shared network infrastructure. Two commonly distinguished approaches to active networking are: programmable switches [5, 11, 4] and capsules [143, 94, 72] The first approach adds functionality to nodes out of band from the packets being processed by the node. In the capsule based approach, capsules contain both code and data as they move through the network and are executed on the nodes they encounter. Although these ....

D. Scott Alexander, William A. Arbaugh, Michael W. Hicks, Pankaj Kakkar, Angelos D. Keromytis, Jonathan T. Moore, Carl A. Gunter, Scott M. Nettles, and Jonathan M. Smith. The SwitchWare active network architecture. IEEE Network Special Issue on Active and Controllable Networks, 12(3):29-36, May/June 1998.

....method which is executed at each active node until the destination node is reached. The algorithm is as the following: if ( n.getAddress( getDst( ping = true; else if (ping =true) return n.routeForNode(this, getDst( 3. The SwitchWare architecture overview The SwitchWare [ALE 98a] uses a layered architecture providing a range of different features such as flexibility, safety and security, performance, and usability. As explained in the next 3 sections, this functionality are partitioned between layers according to flexibility and security tradeoffs required at each layer. ....

....Active Packet and Schwitchlet) omitting the security features of the lowest layer (i.e. SANE) The choice of PLANet is also justified by the fact 14 Networking and Information Systems Journal. Volume 3 No. 5 2000 that there is no full implementation of the SwitchWare architecture at that time [ALE 98a] ALE 98c] Despite of the availability of distinct implementation of each layer [SWI] the integration of the three layers is complex and inefficient. First of all, we can identify a main difference between the two architectures. In respect to the distribution process of codes between active ....

ALEXANDER D. S., ARBAUGH W. A., HICKS M. W., KAKKAR P., KEROMYTIS A. D., MOORE J. T., GUNTER C. A., NETTLES S. M., and SMITH J. M., The SwitchWare Active Network Architecture , IEEE Network Special Issue on Active and Controllable Networks, May/June 1998, vol. 12 no. 3, pp. 29 - 36.

....PLAN (Packet Language for Active Networks) 20] is a domain specific, simple functional language for programs which form the packets of an active network. It is based on a subset of ML with some primitives to express remote evaluation. It is being developed as a part of the SwitchWare project [70] at the University of Pennsylvania which is one of the prominent projects within the area of active network research [71] The concept of active networking has been motivated by the desire to bring programmability to networks. Active networks are active in the sense that switches perform ....

D. S. Alexander, W. A. Arbaugh, M. W. Hicks, P. Kakkar, A. D. Keromytis, J. T. Moore, C. A. Gunter, S. M. Nettles, and J. M. Smith. The SwitchWare active network architecture. IEEE Network Special Issue on Active and Controllable Networks, 12(3):37--45, 1999.

....and the Spi Calculus [11, 1] access control is enforced by controlling the distribution of these capabilities, which are akin to private keys in cryptographic infrastructures. Our provision for mobility is consistent with approaches in active networks, such as the Switchware architecture [3], that restrict mobile threads to simplified packet languages (such as the PLAN language of the Switchware architecture [25] The language Abstractions for Fault Tolerant Wide Area Network Programming Languages 15 of capabilities M can be considered as the analogue in the ATF Calculus of packet ....

D. Scott Alexander, William A. Arbaugh, Michael W. Hicks, Pankaj Kakkar, Angelos D. Keromytis, Jonathan T. Moore, Carl A. Gunter, Scott M. Nettles, and Jonathan M. Smith. The Switchware active network architecture. IEEE Network Special Issue on Active and Controllable Networks, 12(3):29--36, 1998.

....network could send a customised compression program to a node within the network (e.g. a router) and request that the node execute that program when processing their packets. Recent SOTA work from University of Pennsylvania (US) and Bellcore (US) has developed the SwitchWare Active Network system [6]. Careful design has gone into their PLAN (Programming Language for Active Networks) language to keep it simple and ecient. PLAN programs are strongly typed and can be statically type checked before being injected into the network. Once on a router, PLAN programs can call resident service ....

D. Alexander et al. The SwitchWare Active Network Architecture. IEEE Network Special Issue on Active and Controllable Networks, 1998.

....system (NodeOS [31] and a set of Execution Environments (EEs) which process active packets. Many projects implement EEs in their own router architecture. The first EE was ANTS [49] which used capsules that carry JAVA bytecode from node to node where the code is executed. Others include Switchware [2], PLAN [21] Joust [20] Bowman [29] Smart Packets [35] and ANN [14] using DAN [15] Few projects make use of specialized hardware for active processing. Field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) can be reprogrammed on the fly which makes them suitable for active processing where processing ....

D. S. Alexander, W. A. Arbaugh, M. W. Hicks, P. Kakkar, A. D. Keromytis, J. T. Moore, C. A. Gunter, S. M. Nettles, and J. M. Smith. The SwitchWare active network architecture. IEEE Network Special Issue on Active and Controllable Networks, 12(3):29--36, Aug. 1998.

....from some code server or cache. Packets carrying payload data do not include the service logic. It is, however, possible that such packets carry references to service logic, which is subsequently installed on the node. Some existing systems use active packets for in band node level deployment [8,7,13]. Other systems, such as [3,6] apply active packets to out of band node level deployment. 2.3 Distributed versus Centralized Service Deployment The y axis of the service deployment design space distinguishes between centralized and distributed service deployment mechanisms. In this context, the ....

....is distributed because cluster leaders process (aggregate, distribute) information relevant to service deployment within their cluster. As HIGCS is intended for the network level deployment, a discussion of the node level service deployment is not applicable. 2.4.5 PLANet SwitchWare. SwitchWare [8] is an architecture that combines active packets with active extensions to define networked services. Active packets contain code that may call functions provided by active extensions. Active extensions may be dynamically loaded onto the active node. PLANet implements this architecture using a ....

D.S. Alexander, W.A. Arbaugh, M.W. Hicks, P. Kakkar, A.D. Keromytis, J.T. Moore, C.A. Gunter, S.M. Nettles, J. M. Smith. The SwitchWare Active Network Architecture. IEEE Network Special Issue on Active and Controllable Networks, vol. 12 no. 3, pp. 29 - 36.

....regarding their programming model because safety relies on either specialized scripting languages, for example NetScript [YS96] and NFL [Yem99] which are safe as long as the interpreter is safe, type safe or even proof carrying code. Examples for those active network architectures are SwitchWare [Ale98a] and ANTS [WGT98] In contrast, LARA allows users to distribute active programs either in the form of binary programs or as source code. Just in time compilation mechanisms are provided such that source code can be compiled upon arrival at the active nodes. The specially introduced protection ....

D.S. Alexander et al. The SwitchWare Active Network Architecture. IEEE Network Special Issue on Active and Controllable Networks, July 1998.

....management, to name just a few that we also assume away in the interest of brevity and separation of concerns. Thus our model posits a single active network user, and we do not consider performance or other real time aspects. 2. 3 Other Approaches The SwitchWare active network architecture [1] developed at University of Pennsylvania and Bellcore defines two levels of programming, but in a somewhat different manner than what is described above. The packet level is a scripting language that provides for invocation and composition of lower level services, but has little functionality of ....

D. Alexander, W. Arbaugh, M. Hicks, P. Kakkar, A. Keromytis, J. Moore, C. Gunter, S. Nettles, and J. Smith. The Switchware Active Network Architecture. IEEE Network Special Issue on Active and Controllable Networks, 12(3):29--36, 1998.

....and more complex network services and protocols. The goal of Active Networking is to allow these demands to be met by increasing the exibility with which the network can be changed. Active networking achieves its increased exibility by making the network programmable. In the SwitchWare project [2], we have been exploring how to make the network programmable both by allowing switches to be dynamically extended with new services and by allowing packets themselves to be programs. A key way in which we have explored the idea of packets as programs is through the design and implementation of ....

D. Scott Alexander, William A. Arbaugh, Michael W. Hicks, Pankaj Kakkar, Angelos D. Keromytis, Jonathan T. Moore, Carl A. Gunter, Scott M. Nettles, and Jonathan M. Smith. The SwitchWare Active Network Architecture. IEEE Network Special Issue on Active and Controllable Networks, 12(3), May/June 1998.

....and more complex network services and protocols. The goal of Active Networking is to allow these demands to be met by increasing the flexibility with which the network can be changed. Active networking achieves its increased flexibility by making the network programmable. In the SwitchWare project [2], we have been exploring how to make the network programmable both by allowing switches to be dynamically extended with new services and by allowing packets themselves to be programs. A key way in which we have explored the idea of packets as programs is through the design and implementation of ....

D. Scott Alexander, William A. Arbaugh, Michael W. Hicks, Pankaj Kakkar, Angelos D. Keromytis, Jonathan T. Moore, Carl A. Gunter, Scott M. Nettles, and Jonathan M. Smith. The SwitchWare Active Network Architecture. IEEE Network Special Issue on Active and Controllable Networks, 12(3), May/June 1998.

....be possible but not required. Therefore, we have chosen to restrict PLAN s expressibility so that it may be authentication free. Functionality requiring authentication can be made available by using services, and we expect to leverage active networking security research like the SANE project [1]. 2.3 Performance PLAN should offer new functionality without compromising the performance of functionality offered by the current network, particularly payload delivery. This would be impossible if all PLAN packets had to be authenticated. A major benefit of keeping PLAN simple is that its ....

D. Scott Alexander, William A. Arbaugh, Angelos D. Keromytis, and Jonathan M. Smith. A secure active network architecture. IEEE Network Special Issue on Active and Controllable Networks, 1998. To appear.

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D. Scott Alexander, William A. Arbaugh, Michael W. Hicks, Pankaj Kakkar, Angelos D. Keromytis, Jonathan T. Moore, Carl A. Gunter, Scott M. Nettles, and Jonathan M. Smith. The SwitchWare active network architecture. IEEE Network Special Issue on Active and Controllable Networks, 12(3):29--36, August 1998.

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