James, D., Pai, D.: ARTDEFO: Accurate real time deformable objects. In: Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 1999. Computer Graphics Proceedings, Annual Conference Series, ACM, ACM Press / ACM SIGGRAPH (1999) 65--72  Home/Search   Document Details and Download   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....approach to speed up run time simulation is to isolate certain procedures in real time computation, precompute them and later combine precomputed results with states of a simplified run time model. A boundary element method to compute system response of a linear model offline was proposed in [13]. Precomputation of elementary deformation is an important part of [15] for a hepatic surgery simulation system. When the simulated object is represented as polygonal meshes, adaptive refinement can be applied to present the operator more details in the local interaction area, while maintaining ....

James, D.L., and Pai, D.K., "ArtDefo: Accurate Real Time Deformable Objects", Proceedings of the SIGGRAPH 1999.

....approach to speed up run time simulation is to isolate some procedures of the real time computation, precompute them and later combine precomputed results with states of a simplified run time model. A boundary element method to compute system response of a linear model offline was proposed by [17]. Precomputation of elementary deformation is also an important part of [20] for hepatic surgery simulation system. 19] used implicit integration to achieve stability with large time steps in their cloth simulation. However they did not target at real time simulation. Surface subdivision is a ....

D. L. James and D. K. Pai, "ArtDefo: Accurate Real Time Deformable Objects", Proceedings of the SIGGRAPH 1999 Annual Conference on Computer graphics, Los Angeles, CA USA, August 8 - 13, 1999, pp. 65-72.

....the recent release of Windows 2000 and a new version of Direct Sound has greatly improved audio performance over NT4 and Win9x. The Lab for Computational Intelligence has a PHANTOM haptic device. It has been integrated with Java 3D graphics to create an interactive elastic modeling application [James and Pal, 1999]. Given the success of this application, and the allure of 3D graphics, it was natural to think of adding sound to a PHANTOM ap plication that included rigid bodies. We investigated this and found enough CPU power left to spare for audio synthesis. Also, the GHOST API for generating PHAN ToM ....

James, D. and Pai, D. (1999). ARTDEFO: Accurate Real Time Deformable Objects. In Proc. of SICGRAPH 99, Los Angeles CA. 114

....5.2. 5.2 Local Behavior The local behavior or the self compliance of a vertex is of special importance. The local sti#ness is # 1 kk , the inverse of the self compliance matrix. This local sti#ness is employed in haptic simulation to map displacements of the tool tip into a force response [58, 57]. The correct force response can be easily calculated at the high haptic rendering rates required (typically 1000Hz) All that is required is to multiply the local sti#ness at the contact point(s) with the displacement vector(s) due to the tool. For a single contact vertex, the equation is # ....

....the number of triangles, N the number of vertices and M the number of integration points within an element) however, it needs to be done only once for a given triangular mesh. Note, that this is the same as for rendering the elastic response of an analytically derived model of an object [58]. The objective function in the minimization is the error function # i (#(#,#)v v) i . 6.4) An element of the selection vector # in Equation 6.4 is one if observations of vertex displacement are made and zero otherwise. The objective function of Equation 6.4 is evaluated starting from ....

D.L. James and D.K. Pai. ArtDefo accurate real time deformable objects. In Computer Graphics, Annual Conference Series, pages 65--72, Los Angles, USA, Aug 1999. ACM SIGGRAPH.

....this problem using a condensation technique [20] With this method, the computation time required for the deformation of a volumetric model can be reduced to the computation time of a model only involving the surface nodes of the mesh. The Boundary Element Method (BEM) used by James and Pai [21] to attain interactive speeds and accuracy at the same time for linear deformation, is also based on the FEM. The difference is that the BEM considers only the elements on the surface and use precomputed Green s functions that are combined later in real time. Drawbacks of this method are that ....

James, D. L. and Pai, D. K. ArtDefo - Accurate Real Time Deformable Objects. Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 99, Computer Graphics Proceedings, Annual Conference Series, pp. 6572, Los Angeles (1999).

....the mesentery. We then describe our collision detection method and our novel approach for providing response in Sect. 4. This is followed by results in Sect. 5 and conclusions in Sect. 6. 2 Related Work Recently, numerous researchers have focussed on the e#cient simulation of deformable models [4, 5, 7, 9, 15, 16, 17, 23]. Several of them relied on adaptive, multi resolution techniques for reaching real time performances for complex volumetric bodies [4, 5, 9, 15] In particular, some of these techniques were successfully applied to surgery simulators [8, 9, 16, 17, 22, 25] In all these works, volu metric ....

.... simulation of deformable models [4, 5, 7, 9, 15, 16, 17, 23] Several of them relied on adaptive, multi resolution techniques for reaching real time performances for complex volumetric bodies [4, 5, 9, 15] In particular, some of these techniques were successfully applied to surgery simulators [8, 9, 16, 17, 22, 25]. In all these works, volu metric deformable bodies were simulated either in isolation, or were interacting with a single rigid tool, enabling the use of very specific techniques for collision detection and response, such as methods based on graphics hardware [19] The problem we have to solve ....

D. L. James and D. K. Pai. Artdefo - accurate real time deformable objects. In Proc. SIGGRAPH '99, pages 65--72. ACM Press, August 1999.

....for modeling deformable objects have been proposed. Examples include multi resolution representations that avoid wasting time on irrelevant details (e.g. 4, 6,8] reformulating the dynamics to make them more stable (e.g. 15,20] extensive precomputation to minimize runtime costs (e.g. [9, 10, 19, 22]) robust integration schemes that afford large time steps (e.g. 3] and many other approaches that we cannot list here due to space constraints. As of yet, none provides a perfect solution that satisfies the requirements for all interactive applications. This paper reexamines a technique known ....

.... techniques that used numerically computed modes from a finite element description of an object [17] Examples of deformation techniques using global shape functions include: free form deformations and their dynamics extensions [7, 21] deformable superquadrics [14] and the boundary element method [9]. Modal bases have also proven to be an efficient way to compactly encode both shapes and deformations [11, 12] Finally, this paper focuses primarily on integrating manipulation and contact constraints into a modal framework, and there is prior work on applying these types of constraints to ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

Doug L. James and Dinesh K. Pai. Artdefo - accurate real time deformable objects. In Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH 99, pages 65--72, August 1999.

....points are linked to the grid by a weighting scheme. This framework was later extended to use finite elements over an unstructured hierarchy of tetrahedral meshes [6] For some application, dynamic motion has not been deemed necessary, so static and quasi static methods have been employed [13] [14] [3] 15] 27] Since our interest is in realistic motion, we build on dynamic methods. As noted in the introduction, we employ a wavelet scheme based on 3D subdivision. In the last decade, subdivision and wavelets have enjoyed wide use in computer graphics as a tool for efficient solution of ....

Doug L. James and Dinesh K. Pai. Artdefo - accurate real time deformable objects. Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 99, pages 65--72, August 1999. ISBN 020148 -560-5. Held in Los Angeles, California.

....and virtual surgery simulators such as [13] The simulation of deformation on a computer has led to development and use of many approximate models and numerical integration schemes. Some models use meshes of linear or non linear springs [14] and [15] Other models use Boundary Element Methods BEM [7] and Finite Element Methods FEM [11] These methods are at various places in speed efficiency, realism and stability trade off. Surgical simulation makes new demands of the physically based computer modeling of deformables. Real time models sufficiently realistic to train surgeons are needed. In ....

D. James and D. Pai. Artdefo : Accurate real time deformable objects. Computer Graphics (SIGGRAPH'90), pages 65--72, August 1999.

....surgery simulators such as [11] The simulation of deformation on a computer has led to development and use of many approximate models and numerical integration schemes. Some models use meshes of linear or non linear springs [13] 14] and [12] Other models use Boundary Element Methods BEI [7] and Finite Element Methods FEI [9] These methods are at various places in a speed efficiency, realism and stability trade off. Surgical simulation makes new demands of the physically based computer modeling of deformables. Real time models sufficiently realistic to train surgeons are needed. In ....

D. James and D. Pal. Artdefo : Accurate real time deformable objects. Computer Graphics (SIGGRAPH '90), pages 65-72, August 1999.

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JAMES D. L., PAI D. K.: Artdefo: accurate real time deformable objects. In Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 1999 (1999), pp. 65--72. 2, 3, 4

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D.L. James and D.K. Pai. ArtDefo accurate real time deformable objects. In Computer Graphics, Annual Conference Series, pages 65--72, Los Angles, USA, Aug 1999. ACM SIGGRAPH.

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JAMES D. L., PAI D. K.: Artdefo - accurate real time deformable objects. In Proceedings of Siggraph 99 (1999), pp. 65--72. 2

....hardware are datadriven deformation models based on linear superposition of precomputable global deformation bases [3] which include space warping methods such as FFD. While such models can provide fast simulation and constraint handling for physically based dynamic [19, 28] and also static [11, 10] deformable models, we are primarily interested in their amenability to graphics hardware simulation [14] For simulating free vibrations of elastic models with modest amplitudes, global deformation bases based on Karhunen Loeve expansions from modal analysis provide the optimal description [22, ....

.... v[7] R1; # R1 = q 3 # i3 MAD R1, c[DyRT 1] xxxw, v[8] R1; # R1 = q 4 # i4 MAD R1, c[DyRT 1] yyyw, v[9] R1; # R1 = q 5 # i5 # Load normal n i into R2 and add 5 modal corrections: MOV R2, v[NRML] # R2 = n i MAD R2, c[DyRT ] xxxw, v[10] R2; # R2 = q 1 N i1 MAD R2, c[DyRT ] yyyw, v[11], R2; # R2 = q 2 N i2 MAD R2, c[DyRT ] zzzw, v[12] R2; # R2 = q 3 N i3 MAD R2, c[DyRT 1] xxxw, v[13] R2; # R2 = q 4 N i4 MAD R2, c[DyRT 1] yyyw, v[14] R2; # R2 = q 5 N i5 # Bone weighted Vertex Blending: # Transform and Lighting: ....

D.L. James and D.K. Pai. ArtDefo: Accurate Real Time Deformable Objects. In SIGGRAPH 99 Conference Proceedings, pages 65--72, 1999.

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James, D., Pai, D.: ARTDEFO: Accurate real time deformable objects. In: Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 1999. Computer Graphics Proceedings, Annual Conference Series, ACM, ACM Press / ACM SIGGRAPH (1999) 65--72

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D. L. James and D. K. Pai, "Artdefo - accurate real time deformable objects," in Siggraph 1999.

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Doug L. James and Dinesh K. Pai. Artdefo - accurate real time deformable objects. Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 99, pages 65--72, August 1999. ISBN 0-20148-560-5. Held in Los Angeles, California.

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D. L. James and D. K. Pai. ArtDefo - accurate real time deformable objects. Computer Graphics (Proc. ACM SIGGRAPH '99), 33:65--72, 1999. 7

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D. L. James and D. K. Pai, "ArtDefo - Accurate Real Time Deformable Objects," in Proc. SIGGRAPH '99. ACM Press, 1999, pp. 65--72.

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D. L. James and D. K. Pai. Artdefo - accurate real time deformable objects. In Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 99, pages 65--72, Los Angeles, California, August 1999. ACM SIGGRAPH / Addison Wesley Longman.

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D.L. James and D.K. Pai. ARTDEFO: Accurate real time deformable objects. Proc. ACM SIGGRAPH, pp 65--72, 1999.

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D. L. James and D. K. Pai. Artdefo accurate real time deformable objects. In Computer Graphics (SIGGRAPH' 1999.

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D. James, D. Pai, "Artdefo. Accurate Real-Time Deformable Objects," Proc. of SIGGRAPH'99, Los Angeles, California, pp. 65-72, 1999.

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D.L.James and D.K.Pai, "ArtDefo: Accurate real time deformable objects", ACM SIGGRAPH 99 conference proceedings, pp.65-72, 1999

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D. James, D. Pai, "Artdefo. Accurate Real-Time Deformable Objects," Proc. of SIGGRAPH'99, Los Angeles, California, pp. 65-72, 1999.

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