Kosara, R. & Miksch, S.: Metaphors of Movement: A Visualization and User Interface for Time-Oriented, Skeletal Plans. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Special Issue, 22(2) (2001) 111-131.  Home/Search   Document Details and Download   Summary   Related Articles   Check

.... constraints, and minimizing the possibility of errors) The visual display of temporal information is a recent research direction that has attracted people from diverse 3 fields such as HCI, databases, medical informatics, multimedia, and the new specific field of Information Visualization (IV) [2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 17]. Although commonly accepted and used visual representation choices for intervals and timelines emerge from the literature, much work remains to be done, especially for the representation of temporal relations and complex temporal patterns for querying databases containing temporal histories, i.e. ....

.... The visualization of temporal information has been considered in different contexts, such as: history representation [16] display of clinical information [6] visual query of multimedia video data [12] of relational data [10] and of object oriented multimedia data [9] therapy planning [14]; definition of temporal abstractions [17] One of the first systems proposed for the visualization of temporal data was the Time Line Browser [8] which visualized instant events (such as the measurement of a clinical parameter with its value) and intervals with duration (such as the status of the ....

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R. Kosara and S. Miksch, Metaphors of Movement: A Visualization and User Interface for Time-Oriented, Skeletal Plans, Artificial Intelligence in Medicine 22 (2001) 111-131.

....among the multiple attributes. The visualization of temporal information has been considered in different contexts, such as history representation [12] display of clinical information [6] 6] visual query of multimedia video data [10] visual query of relational data [9] therapy planning [11], and definition of temporal abstractions [13] One of the first systems proposed for the visualization of temporal data was the Time Line Browser [8] which visualized instant events (such as the measurement of a clinical parameter with its value) and intervals with duration (such as the status ....

.... blood pressure) Users can dynamically examine temporal information at multiple levels of abstraction (e.g. the measurement of systolic diastolic blood pressure is more detailed than the hypertension state) and change the level of granularity (e.g. years, days, hours) The AsbruView [11] system for medical therapy plans enriches the timeline visualization by exploiting 3D elements: besides the two usual dimensions on which the different (possibly overlapping) parts of plans are temporally laid out, a third dimension is used to add graphic elements which convey further information ....

Kosara, R., Miksch, S. Metaphors of Movement: A Visualization and User Interface for Time-Oriented, Skeletal Plans, to appear inArtificial Intelligence in Medicine, Special Issue: Information Visualization in Medicine, 2001.

.... Users can dynamically examine temporal information at multiple levels of abstraction (e.g. granulocyte counts is more detailed than granulocyte state, which is in turn more detailed than bone marrow toxicity) and change the level of granularity (e.g. years, days, hours) The AsbruView [9] system enriches the timeline graphical representation by adopting a 3D visualization (especially tailored for representing medical therapy plans) besides the two usual dimensions on which the different (possibly overlapping) parts of plans are temporally laid out, a third dimension is used to ....

Kosara R, Miksch S. Metaphors of Movement: A Visualization and User Interface for TimeOriented, Skeletal Plans. Artif Intell Med 2001: this issue.

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Kosara, R. & Miksch, S.: Metaphors of Movement: A Visualization and User Interface for Time-Oriented, Skeletal Plans. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Special Issue, 22(2) (2001) 111-131.

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Kosara R, Miksch S. Metaphors of movement: a visualization and user inter-face for time-oriented, skeletal plans. Artif Intell Med. 2001;22(2):111-131.

....remarks. The authors have experiences in task specific approaches of Information Visualization, which range from visualization for software development and management consulting [5] to visual representations for various monitoring data and processes of patients in intensive care units ([10], 12] and for the design of shiftrotas in various industries [6] 2 Conceptual Fundamentals Here we present central conceptual fundamentals and definitions, which are needed to proceed with our approach and then are heavily exploited in the later algorithm we develop in section 3. These ....

....visualized. 5 3. Develop the functions that describe the number of such operations needed to accomplish such a task. We make the assumption here that the visualizations under consideration include all the information necessary to complete the tasks at hand. Though similar visualizations ( 6] [10]) may vary substantially in what tasks they allow one to work on, this line of inquiry shall not be pursued here, because we are focusing on approaches which stay as simple as possible to communicate complex data and information in diagrammatic form. 3.1 Tasks The first step of ViCo is to define ....

Kosara, R. & Miksch, S.: Metaphors of Movement: A Visualization and User Interface for Time-Oriented, Skeletal Plans. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Special Issue, 22(2) (2001) 111-131.

....The area a SOPO covers (black in the figure) contains all intervals that fit the specification given by means of an earliest start, latest start, earliest end, latest end, and minimum and maximum durations. 14 4.2. 4 AsbruView s Time Annotation Glyph This diagram is a part of AsbruView [12], which is a user interface for the plan representation language Asbru. For temporal information, AsbruView uses glyphs (Section 2.2.3) The one described here is an extension of LifeLines and was specifically designed to represent Asbru s time annotation. It is based partly on a simple metaphor ....

....than time axis MinDu and LFS defined to lower precision than time axis ESS LSS MaxDu MinDu EFS LFS 3 d 6 d undef. undef. 2 d 11 d Figure 3: Visualization techniques for planning. a) PERT chart, Section 4.2.2; b) Gantt chart, Section 4.2.2; c) SOPOs [18] Section 4.2. 3; d) AsbruView [12], Section 4.2.4; e) Temporal Objects [7] Section 4.2.5; f) Paint Strips [4] Section 4.2.6. 17 Allen s Relations Undefined Parts Resolution Different Dimensions TimeLines . Gantt . PERT . SOPOs . Extended SOPOs . Temporal Objects . Paint Strips . ....

Robert Kosara and Silvia Miksch. Metaphors of movement: a visualization and user interface for time-oriented, skeletal plans. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, 22(2):111--131, May 2001.

....language for defining clinical protocols. A clinical protocol is usually translated into many Asbru plans that contain small units of the treatment and information about how they work together. This knowledge acquisition and translation is supported by a visual tool named AsbruView [3]. The execution of these plans is monitored and controlled by an execution unit that gives advice to medical sta# based on the procedures laid down in Asbru plans. This is called an open loop system, as opposed to a closed loop system where no human is involved who can check proposed settings or ....

Robert Kosara and Silvia Miksch. Metaphors of movement: A visualization and user interface for time-oriented, skeletal plans. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Special Issue on Information Visualization in Medicine, 22(2):111--131, 2001.

....phase, Asbru allows flexibility to instantiate the skeletal plans with time oriented patient data. Thus Asbru is a complex language and is hard to understand if the user has no training in formal methods or computer science. To solve this problem we developed a visual interface called AsbruView [2]. Based on visual metaphors like traffic signs and running tracks, AsbruView provides editing and visualizing. The three different views implemented, the Topological View (Fig. 1) the Temporal View, and the SOPO View (Set of Possible Occurances) are powerful tools to analyze and edit structural ....

Kosara, R. and Miksch, S.: Metaphors of Movement: A Visualization and User Interface for Time-Oriented, Skeletal Plans, in Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Special Issue on Information Visualization in Medicine, pp. 111-131, Volume 22, Number 2, 2001.

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Kosara R, Miksch S. Metaphors of movement: a visualization and user inter-face for time-oriented, skeletal plans. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine 2001 ;22(2): 111-131.

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Kosara R, Miksch S. Metaphors of movement: a visualization and user inter-face for time-oriented, skeletal plans. Artif Intell Med. 2001;22(2):111-131.

....other materials were available. One such example is PROT EG E [10] which generates a structured editor from a language definition. This would appear to be useful for XML applications, but proved very hard to use due to the rigid structure of the generated dialogs. Another approach was AsbruView [5], a visualization and user interface for editing Asbru plans. The use of metaphors (running tracks, traffic signs) and graphical depiction made the language more accessible to physicians. But this system also ignored all existing materials. An existing tool similar to the GMT presented here has ....

Robert Kosara and Silvia Miksch. Metaphors of movement: A visualization and user interface for time-oriented, skeletal plans. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Special Issue on Information Visualization in Medicine, 22(2):111--131, 2001.

....approach, it does not deal with temporal uncertainty, different temporal orders of plans, and compulsory or optional plans. Therefore, we proposed a plan visualization, which employs metaphor graphics and extends the idea of LifeLines to be able to handle the above mentioned temporal dimensions [Kosara Miksch, 2000]. Our plan visualization, called AsbruView, consists of two views (compare Figure 4) a topological view, which utilizes the metaphor graphics of running tracks and traffic and temporal view, which captures the temporal uncertainty and explains the plans, their subplans, and their ....

Kosara, R. & Miksch, S.: Metaphors of Movement: A Visualization and User Interface for Time-Oriented, Skeletal Plans. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Special Issue, to appear,2000.

....language for defining clinical protocols. A clinical protocol is usually translated into many Asbru plans that contain small units of the treatment and information about how they work together. This knowledge acquisition and translation is supported by a visual tool named AsbruView [3]. The execution of these plans is monitored and controlled by an execution unit that gives advice to medical sta# based on the procedures laid down in Asbru plans. This is called an open loop system, as opposed to a closed loop system where no human is involved who can check proposed settings or ....

Robert Kosara and Silvia Miksch. Metaphors of movement: A visualization and user interface for time-oriented, skeletal plans. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Special Issue on Information Visualization in Medicine, 22(2):111--131, 2001.

....idea to facets is used in [2] to visualize different paths through a vaccination plan. In addition to the basic time line idea, arrows are drawn from the decision points of the plan to alternatives forking off at this point. AsbruView s Time Annotation Glyph This diagram is a part of AsbruView [7], which is user interface for the plan representation language Asbru (see Section Asbru s Time Annotation) The glyph 1 described here is an extension of LifeLines and was specifically designed to represent Asbru s time annotation (see Section Asbru s Time Annotation) It is based partly on a ....

....SOPOView) As described in Section AsbruView s Time Annotation Glyph we have developed a user interface for the plan t A B C Figure 9. Concentric Circles. Each circle represents an event or location, the solid represents the typical visitor, for example. representation language Asbru [7]. It consists of three views: a topological view [7] which structures the overall body of a plan hierarchy and utilizes the metaphor graphics of running tracks and traffic , a temporal view [7] which grasps the temporal uncertainty and explains the plans, their subplans, and their ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

Kosara, R. & Miksch, S.: Metaphors of Movement: A Visualization and User Interface for Time-Oriented, Skeletal Plans. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Special Issue, 22(2), pp. 111-131, 2001.

....cation language for de ning clinical protocols. A clinical protocol is usually translated into many Asbru plans that contain small units of the treatment and information about how they work together. This knowledge acquisition and translation is supported by a visual tool named AsbruView [3]. The execution of these plans is monitored and controlled by an execution unit that gives advice to medical sta based on the procedures laid down in Asbru plans. This is called an open loop system, as opposed to a closed loop system where no human is involved who can check proposed settings or ....

Robert Kosara and Silvia Miksch. Metaphors of movement: A visualization and user interface for time-oriented, skeletal plans. Articial Intelligence in Medicine, Special Issue on Information Visualization in Medicine, 22(2):111-131, 2001.

....(y coordinate) The area a SOPO covers (black in the figure) contains all intervals that fit the specification given by means of an earliest start, latest start, earliest end, latest end, and minimum and maximum durations. AsbruView s Time Annotation Glyph This diagram is a part of AsbruView [9], which is a user interface for the plan representation language Asbru. The glyph 1 described here is an extension of LifeLines and was specifically designed to represent Asbru s time annotation. Basic Principle It is based partly on a simple metaphor (Figure 3) Four vertical pillars along ....

....of additional uncertainty due to the lower resolution of the actual point in time. User Study We implemented the described method in a prototype of a more general user interface called AsbruView (Figure 4) To assess its usefulness in practice, we performed a user study with six physicians [9] to test the glyph (and also other parts of AsbruView) For this study, we let the participants perform simple tasks with the program, after having given them a short (ca. 30min) introduction to Asbru and AsbruView. The participants were asked to fill out questionnaires before and after the test ....

Kosara R and Miksch S. Metaphors of Movement: A Visualization and User Interface for Time-Oriented, Skeletal Plans. Art Int Med, special issue on Information Visualization in Medicine. Forthcoming, 2001.

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