Posnak EJ, Gallindo SP, Stephens AP, Vin HM (1995) Techniques for Resilient Transmission of JPEG Video Streams. In: Rodriguez A, Maitan J (eds) Proceedings of Multimedia Computing and Networking, February 1995, San Jose, Calif., SPIE Press, pp 243--252  Home/Search   Document Details and Download   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....to compression) we refer to the process as precompression partitioning. Although conceptually elegant, such precompression image partitioning techniques significantly reduce the correlation between the pixels assigned to the same subimage, and hence adversely affect image compression efficiency [26, 31]. The resultant increase in the bit rate requirement may impose a higher load on each disk even in the faultfree state, and thereby reduce the number of video streams that can be simultaneously retrieved from the server. Alternatively, a server can employ postcompression partitioning techniques ....

.... The unit of data interleaving, referred to as a media block or a stripe unit, denotes the maximum amount of logically contiguous data 3 Several techniques have been proposed which scramble media streams prior to network transmission to enable approximate reconstruction in case of packet losses [10, 26]. The efficacy of these techniques validates our claim. 10 P.J. Shenoy, H.M. Vin: Failure recovery algorithms for multimedia servers that is stored on a single disk. In addition to a sequence of media blocks for each video stream, to recover from disk failures, the server maintains parity blocks ....

Posnak EJ, Gallindo SP, Stephens AP, Vin HM (1995) Techniques for Resilient Transmission of JPEG Video Streams. In: Rodriguez A, Maitan J (eds) Proceedings of Multimedia Computing and Networking, February 1995, San Jose, Calif., SPIE Press, pp 243--252

....will have to be retrieved from any of the surviving disks for recovery. Although conceptually elegant, such pre compression image partitioning techniques significantly reduce the correlation between the pixels assigned to the same sub image, and hence adversely affect image compression efficiency [29, 40]. The resultant increase in the bit rate requirement may impose higher load on each disk in the array even during the fault free state, thereby reducing the number of video streams that can be simultaneously Storage Architectures for Digital Imagery 7 Discrete Cosine Transform Run length and ....

.... based applications that access image sequences are non trivial to develop [37] Alternatively, rather than estimating the response 1 Several techniques have been proposed which scramble media streams prior to network transmission to enable approximate reconstruction in case of packet losses [6, 29]. Storage Architectures for Digital Imagery 13 Request Response Server Client One time request Periodic streaming of data Server Client (a) Client pull architecture (b) Server push architecture Figure 5 Client pull and server push architectures for retrieving data. time prior to each ....

E. J. Posnak, S. P. Gallindo, A. P. Stephens, and H. M. Vin. Techniques for Resilient Transmission of JPEG Video Streams. In Proceedings of Multimedia Computing and Networking, San Jose, CA, pages 243--252, February 1995.

....data, the affected pixels due to error propagation will be corrected according to a complex relationship. This approach, however, has difficulty in handling cascade loss scenarios in which packet losses happen again before the arrival of retransmitted packets. Interleaving or scrambling [47, 66] reorders image pixels to be transmitted in such a way that packet losses cause isolated losses that may be approximately reconstructed using their surviving neighbors. It is applicable to situations where neighboring pixels are highly correlated, but may not work well when adjacent pixel values ....

E. J. Posnak, S. P. Gallindo, A. P. Stephens, and H. M. Vin. Techniques for resilient transmission of JPEG video streams. In Proc. of Multimedia Computing and Networking, pages 243-252, San Jose, February 1995.

.... problem, cell information should be organized in such a way that highly correlated blocks (neighboring blocks) should not be sharing the same cell nor in l consecutive number of cells (because of bursty loss) The information among successive cells should be as much decorrelated as possible (see [10]) We have addressed this problem by using a Triangular Interleaving Scheme (TRII) 9] in order to de correlate information inside the blocks and between packets after the image information has been DCT transformed and quantized. For the sake of completeness, this scheme is briefly explained ....

E.J. Posnak, S.P. Gallindo, A.P. Stephens, and H.M. Vin, "Techniques for Resilient Transmission of JPEG Video Streams," Technical Report, Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at Austin, 1994.

....redundancies uses error correction codes [1, 2, 7] to add redundancy into packets before transmitting them and recovers data in case of loss. These schemes consume more bandwidth and are not effective for high loss rate and bursty losses. Non redundant transmission and error concealment schemes [3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 11], on the other hand, recover lost pixels from those received within a tolerable range by using the inherent redundancies of source data. These schemes 800 600 400 200 0 200 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Sample Number original signal simple averaging trans. averaging original samples received ....

E. J. Posnak, S. P. Gallindo, A. P. Stephens, and H. M. Vin. Techniques for resilient transmission of jpeg video streams. In Proc. of Multimedia Computing and Networking, pages 243--252, San Jose, February 1995.

....of redundancy. The Priority Encoding Transmission (PET) scheme [1] 9] allows the user to set different levels of error protection for different portions of the MPEG stream, but unlike FLIIT provides no explicit mechanism for allocating these levels. Layered transmission schemes such as [7][11] incorporate similar ideas, but require networks which treat packets differently according to their priorities. Our FLIIT scheme can function on any network supporting a simple datagram protocol. Similar techniques of joint source channel coding for continuous bitstreams have been developed in ....

E. Posnak, S. Gallindo, A. Stephens, and H. Vin. Techniques for resilient transmission of jpeg video streams. preprint, 1995.

....of redundancy. The Priority Encoding Transmission (PET) scheme [1] 13] allows the user to set different levels of error protection for different portions of the MPEG stream, but unlike this paper provides no explicit mechanism for allocating these levels. Layered transmission schemes such as [8][15] incorporate similar ideas, but require networks which treat packets differently according to their priorities. Our allocation scheme can be used with any network supporting a simple datagram protocol. Our contribution is to provide a simple, low complexity mechanism for obtaining an optimized ....

E. Posnak, S. Gallindo, A. Stephens, and H. Vin. Techniques for resilient transmission of jpeg video streams. In Proceedings of Multimedia Computing and Networking, San Jose, volume 2417, pages 243--252, Feb. 1995.

....Network errors, which are mainly introduced in the form of packet loss due to network congestion, can have adverse impact on the image quality if no action is taken. Several approaches have been proposed in order to recover or at least ameliorate the effect of packet loss during data transmission [5]. Error Concealment (EC) with block interleaving is among the most important techniques. EC based techniques exploit the fact that neighboring blocks are highly correlated. Under this assumption, EC techniques attempt to fill in the corrupted area (lost block) by using information from adjacent ....

E.J. Posnak, S.P. Gallindo, A.P. Stephens, and H.M. Vin, "Techniques for Resilient Transmission of JPEG Video Streams," Technical Report, Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at Austin, 1994.

....being dropped to affect B frames. Pancha and El Zarki applied a priority packetization scheme to an MPEG encoded video stream for transmission over ATM [17] A frequency truncation technique is applied in which a fixed number of DCT coefficients of each DCT block are allocated to the HP data (cf. [16, 4, 20]) DeCleene et al. 4] also studied the performance of MPEG under various priority packetization techniques. It was shown that by utilizing priority packetization, the basic image quality can be maintained if the HP stream is guaranteed to be received. However, these techniques do not solve the ....

....keeping the size of the HP stream large (about 83 of the total bandwidth) video quality even under fading can be kept relatively high. They also studied the effects of different packetizing techniques. Priority layering techniques are also applied to still JPEG image transmission. Posnak et al. [20] used a frequency truncation layering technique that partitions DCT blocks of JPEG encoded frames into essential and enhancement layers. Han and Polyzos [9] also studied the effectiveness of layered coding through the hierarchical mode of JPEG and presented a statistical analysis showing that the ....

E. J. Posnak, S. P. Gallindo, A. P. Stephens and H. M. Vin. "Techniques for Resilient Transmission of JPEG Video Streams" the Proceedings of Multimedia Computing and Networking, San Jose, Volume 2417, Pages 243-252, February 1995.

....will have to be retrieved from any of the surviving disks for recovery. Although conceptually elegant, such pre compression image partitioning techniques significantly reduce the correlation between the pixels assigned to the same sub image, and hence adversely affect image compression efficiency [15, 16]. The resultant increase in the bit rate requirement may impose higher load on each disk in the array even during the fault free state, thereby reducing the number of video streams that can be simultaneously retrieved from the server. In what follows, we first present a self recovering JPEG (SRJ) ....

E. J. Posnak, S. P. Gallindo, A. P. Stephens, and H. M. Vin. Techniques for Resilient Transmission of JPEG Video Streams. In Proceedings of Multimedia Computing and Networking, San Jose, CA, February 1995.

....provides no explicit mechanism for allocating these levels. The level of redundancy in PET affects the network packet size, so in some networks PET may have less flexibility than FLIIT in specifying a level of redundancy. The layered transmission schemes in Garret and Vetterli [6] and Posnak et al. [11] also make use of joint source channel coding ideas. Layered schemes require networks which treat packets differently according to their priorities. Visually important data is sent with a high priority and experiences a small loss rate; less important data has a low priority and is the first to ....

E.J. Posnak, S.P. Gallindo, A.P. Stephens, and H.M. Vin, "Techniques for resilient transmission of JPEG video streams," preprint.

No context found.

E. J. Posnak, S. P. Gallindo, A. P. Stephens, and H. M. Vin. Techniques for Resilient Transmission of JPEG Video Streams. In Proceedings of Multimedia Computing and Networking, San Jose, CA, February 1995.

....the ability to reuse primitive modules (e.g. DCT and huffman) provides the necessary flexibility to create variations of complex modules. In fact, we find this capability to be very useful for constructing prototype codecs that support our research in fault tolerant storage and transmission [8, 14]. 3 PPE Composition: Examples This section describes the construction of PPEs using the library of reusable modules. We first develop a simple JPEG [15] decoder and then demonstrate that, due to a significant functional overlap, an MPEG 2 [9] Spatial SNR scalable decoder can be constructed by ....

E. J. Posnak, S. P. Gallindo, A. P. Stephens, and H. M. Vin. Techniques for Resilient Transmission of JPEG Video Streams. In Proceedings of Multimedia Computing and Networking, San Jose, CA, February 1995.

No context found.

E. J. Posnak, S. P. Gallindo, A. P. Stephens, and H. M. Vin. Techniques for Resilient Transmission of JPEG Video Streams. In Proceedings of Multimedia Computing and Networking, San Jose, CA, February 1995.

....compression) we refer to the process as pre compression partitioning. Although conceptually elegant, such pre compression image partitioning techniques significantly reduce the correlation between the pixels assigned to the same sub image, and hence adversely affect image compression efficiency [27, 31]. The resultant increase in the bit rate requirement may impose higher load on each disk in the array even during the fault free state, thereby reducing the number of video streams that can be simultaneously retrieved from the server. Alternatively, a server can employ post compression ....

E. J. Posnak, S. P. Gallindo, A. P. Stephens, and H. M. Vin. Techniques for Resilient Transmission of JPEG Video Streams. In Proceedings of Multimedia Computing and Networking, San Jose, CA, pages 243--252, February 1995.

....compression) we refer to the process as pre compression partitioning. Although conceptually elegant, such pre compression image partitioning techniques significantly reduce the correlation between the pixels assigned to the same sub image, and hence adversely affect image compression efficiency [26, 31]. The resultant increase in the bit rate requirement may impose a higher load on each disk even in the fault free state, and thereby reduce the number of video streams that can be simultaneously retrieved from the server. Alternatively, a server can employ post compression partitioning techniques ....

....2 Observe that, to tolerate multiple disk failures, multiple copies of huffman tables and motion vectors would have to be maintained. 3 Several techniques have been proposed which scramble media streams prior to network transmission to enable approximate reconstruction in case of packet losses. [10, 26]. The efficacy of these techniques validates our claim. the sequential nature of continuous media accesses to perfectly recover data stored on failed disks without imposing a large overhead on the server. 3.1 Parity based Reconstruction Consider a multimedia server that employs a disk array for ....

E. J. Posnak, S. P. Gallindo, A. P. Stephens, and H. M. Vin. Techniques for Resilient Transmission of JPEG Video Streams. In Proceedings of Multimedia Computing and Networking, San Jose, CA, February 1995.

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