J. Kim B. Crow, I. Widjaja and P. Sakai, "IEEE 802.11 Wireless Local Area Networks," IEEE Communications, September 1997.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....A. MAC Protocol Classification MAC protocols can be roughly divided in three groups, depending on the strategy they use for determining access rights. In contention based protocols, such as Aloha [15] 23] CSMA [15] 24] BTMA [25] MACA [6] MACAW [7] FAMA [8] and IEEE 802.11 [9] [26], nodes contend for the channel for each packet they need to transmit. In most protocols specifically designed for use in ad hoc networks [6] 7] 8] 9] the actual data packet transmission is preceded by an exchange of two small control packets that aim to inform the other nodes that a node ....

B. P. Crow, I. Widjaja, J. G. Kim, and P. T. Sakai, "IEEE 802.11 Wireless Local Area Networks," IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 35, no. 9, pp. 116-- 126, Sep. 1997.

....different radio systems and spectrum utilization inefficiency. In this paper, we deal with the problem of mutual interference between two emerging wireless technologies: WLANs (Wireless Local Area Networks) and WPANs (Wireless Personal Area Networks) In particular, we consider IEEE 802.11 WLANs [2], 3] and short range radio systems based on the Bluetooth (BT) specification [4] 5] or equivalently, IEEE 802.15 WPANs [6] These systems will operate in the 2.4 GHz ISM (Industrial, Medical and Scientific) frequency bands, i.e. the unlicensed spectrum. BT uses a FHSS scheme, while IEEE ....

....Section VI concludes the paper. II. SYSTEM BACKGROUND IEEE 802.11 WLANs cover a range of approximately 100 m and can operate at bit rates as high as 11 Mb s. We focus on systems that use the DSSS (Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum) scheme and consider their bandwidth to be roughly equal to 22 MHz [2], 14] The fundamental building block of the network is the so called Basic Service Set (BSS) which is composed of several wireless stations using the same spreading sequence and MAC function. Wireless stations can directly communicate with each other forming an ad hoc network, or through a ....

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B.P. Crow, I. Widjaja, J.G. Kim, P.T. Sakai, "IEEE 802.11 Wireless Local Area Networks," IEEE Communications Magazine, pp. 116--126, September 1997.

....802.11 WLANs are designed to cover areas as vast as offices or buildings. The fundamental building block of the network is the so called Basic Service Set (BSS) which is composed of several wireless stations and one fixed access point. The access point provides connection to the wired network [1]. WLANs operate at bit rates as high as 11 Mb s and can use either a FHSS (Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum) or a DSSS (Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum) 1] In the case of FHSS systems, hopping sequences span over 79 channels, each one 1 MHz wide; while, DSSS systems use a 11 chip Barker ....

....(BSS) which is composed of several wireless stations and one fixed access point. The access point provides connection to the wired network [1] WLANs operate at bit rates as high as 11 Mb s and can use either a FHSS (Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum) or a DSSS (Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum) [1]. In the case of FHSS systems, hopping sequences span over 79 channels, each one 1 MHz wide; while, DSSS systems use a 11 chip Barker sequence and their bandwidth is roughly equal to 20 MHz [2] Bluetooth (BT) provides interconnection of devices in the user s vicinity in a range of about 10 m, and ....

B.P. Crow, I. Widjaja, J.G. Kim, P.T. Sakai, "IEEE 802.11 wireless local area networks," IEEE Communications Magazine, pp. 116--126, September 1997.

....an excellent usage model for high bandwidth consumers, and their are quite appealing for their low infrastructure cost and high data rates compared to other wireless data technologies such as 3G cellular or point to multipoint distribution systems. In June 1997, IEEE approved the 802.11 standard [22, 35, 42] for WLANs, and in July 1997, IEEE 802.11 has been adopted as a worldwide International Standards Organization (ISO) standard. The standard consists of three possible physical (PHY) layer implementations and a single common MAC layer supporting data rates of 1 Mb s or 2 Mb s. The alternatives for ....

....(each containing an AP) connected together by means of a Distribution System (DS) which could be any type of network and is almost invariably an Ethemet LAN. Mobile nodes can roam between APs and seamless coverage is possible. The IEEE 802 group has adopted the same MAC layer for both 802.1 la [23, 35, 42] and 802.11b [22, 35] The basic access method for 802.11 is the Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) which uses Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA CA) 5] This requires each station to listen for other potential users. If the channel is idle, the station may ....

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B.P. Crow, I. Wadjaja, J.G. Kim, and P.T. Sakai, "IEEE 802.11 Wireless Local Area Networks," In IEEE Communications Magazine, September 1997, 116-126.

....MEHTA scheme when co located interfering devices only are considered, while it outperforms the MEHTA scheme when non co located interfering devices are present. 1. Introduction In this paper, we deal with the problem of mutual interference between IEEE 802.11 WLANs (Wireless Local Area Networks) [1, 2] and short range radio systems based on the Bluetooth technology [3] or equivalently, IEEE 802.15 WPANs (Wireless Personal Area Networks) 4] These systems will operate in the ISM (Industrial, Medical and Scientific) frequency bands, i.e. the unlicensed spectrum at 2.4 GHz. IEEE 802.15 uses a ....

....non collaborative coexistence mechanism; Section 4 describes the simulation scenario. Section 5 shows performance results; finally, Section 6 concludes the paper. 2. System Scenario We consider a IEEE 802.11 WLAN operating at 11 Mb s and using a DSSS (Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum) scheme [1]; the WLAN bandwidth is taken equal to 17 MHz [7] The fundamental building block of the network is the so called Basic Service Set (BSS) which is composed of several wireless stations that are under the control of the same MAC function. Wireless stations can directly communicate with each other ....

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B.P. Crow, I. Widjaja, J.G. Kim, P.T. Sakai, "IEEE 802.11 wireless local area networks," IEEE Communications Magazine, 116--126, September 1997.

....the research community. There are still many issues that need to be addressed in order to design an efficient MAC protocol to be used in a wireless ad hoc network environment [Royer 2000] There are several MAC protocols which can be employed for multi hop ad hoc networking including IEEE 802.11 [Crow 1997], Bluetooth [Bluetooth] and HiperLAN [HiperLAN 1995] Usually, the IEEE 802.11 standard is the platform employed to experiment multi hop networking. However, it does not support multi hop as is. In this section, we discuss some fundamental issues MAC protocols for wireless multi hop ad hoc ....

....16, whenever node B received a packet from node A, node B sends an ACK packet to A. In case node A fails to receive the ACK from B, it will retransmit the packet. This approached is adopted in many protocols [Bharghavan 1994] As an example, the IEEE 802.11 DCF (Distributed Coordination Function) [Crow 1997] uses RTS CTS to avoid the hidden terminal problem and ACK to achieve reliability. 5.3 Collision Avoidance The radios used in the wireless mobile nodes employed in wireless communications are half duplex. This is to say that these radios are not able to transmit and receive at the same and, ....

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B.P. Crow, I. Wadjaja, J.G. Kim, and P.T. Sakai, "IEEE 802.11 Wireless Local Area Networks," In IEEE Communications Magazine, September 1997, 116-126.

....data transfer, environmental sensing and sampling, homeland security and defense, and health monitoring. The absence of wired links and the support for mobility suggests a variety of networking manifestations, ranging from cellular networks and MANETs to WLANs and Wireless Sensor Networks [1] [6] Here, we consider wireless ad hoc networks. The ad hoc nature of these networks arises as the nodes are either (a) required to configure a MAC level link architecture without the aid of a centralized protocol (stationary network) or (b) required to adjust MAC level connectivity in the face ....

B. Crow et al., "IEEE 802.11 Wireless Local Area Networks," IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 35, no. 9, Sept. 1997, p. 116-26.

....MAC protocol research in wireless networks started with ALOHA and slotted ALOHA in the 1970s. Later, MACA, MACAW, FAMA and DFWMAC were proposed by incorporating the carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) technique as well as the RTS and CTS handshaking mechanism for collision avoidance (CA) 2] [9], 12] and references therein) The most popular contentionbased wireless MAC protocol, CSMA CA, has become the basis of the MAC protocol for the IEEE802.11 standard( 17] However, it is observed that if the number of active users increases, the throughput performance of the IEEE802.11 MAC ....

B. P. Crow, I. Widjaja, J. G. Kim, and P. T. Sakai, "IEEE 802.11 Wireless Local Area Networks," IEEE Communications Magazine Vol.35, pp.116126, Sep. 1997.

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J. Kim B. Crow, I. Widjaja and P. Sakai, "IEEE 802.11 Wireless Local Area Networks," IEEE Communications, September 1997.

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B. Crow, I. Widjaja, J. G. Kim, and P. Sakai, "IEEE 802.11 Wireless Local Area Networks," IEEE Commun. Mag., vol 35, pp. 116-126, Sep. 1997.

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B. P. Crow, I. Widjaja, J. G. Kim, and P. T. Sakai, "IEEE 802.11 wireless local area networks," IEEE Communication magazine, September 1997.

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B. Crow, I. Widjaja, J.G. Kim and P. Sakai, "IEEE 802.11 Wireless Local Area Networks", IEEE Communications Magazine, September 1997, Vol. 35, No. 9, pp. 116-126.

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B. P. Crow, I. Widjaja, J.G. Kim and P.T. Sakai "IEEE 802.11 Wireless Local Area Networks" IEEE Communications Magazine, September 1997

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Brian P. Crow, Indra Widjaja, Jeon Geun Kim and Prescott T. Sakai, "IEEE 802.11 Wireless Local Area Networks", IEEE Communication Magazine, Vol. 35, N. 9, September 1997, pp. 116-126.

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B. P. Crow, I. Widjaja, L. G. Kim, and P. T. Sakai, "IEEE 802.11 Wireless Local Area Networks," IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 35, pp. 116--126, Sept. 1997.

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B. Crow, I. Widjaja, J. Kim, and P. Sakai, "Ieee 802.11 wireless local area networks," IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 35, no. 9, pp. 116--26, September 1997.

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Brian P. Crow, Indra Widjaja, Jeon Geun Kim and Prescott T. Sakai, "IEEE 802.11 Wireless Local Area Networks", IEEE Communication Magazine, Vol. 35, N. 9, September 1997, pp. 116-126.

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B. P. Crow, I. Widjaja, J. G. Kim, and P. T. Sakai, "IEEE 802.11 wireless local area networks," IEEE Communication magazine, September 1997.

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Crow, B., Widjaja, I., Kim, L., Sakai, P, "IEEE 802.11 Wireless Local Area Networks," IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol.35, No.9, pp. 116-126, Sept. 1997.

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B. P. Crow, I. Widjaja, J. Geun Kim, and P. T. Sakai, "IEEE 802.11 wireless local area networks," IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 35, no. 9, pp. 116--126, September 1997.

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B. P. Crow, I. Widjaja, J. G. Kim, and P. T. Sakai, "IEEE 802.11 Wireless Local Area Networks," IEEE Communications Magazine, pp. 116-126, 1997.

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B. P. Crow, I. Widjaja, J. G. Kim, and P. T. Sakai, "IEEE 802.11 Wireless Local Area Networks," IEEE Communications Magazine, pp. 116-126, 1997.

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J. Kim B. Crow, I. Widjaja and P. Sakai, "IEEE 802.11 Wireless Local Area Networks," IEEE Communications, September 1997.

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B.P. Crow, I. Wadjaja, J.G. Kim, and P.T. Sakai, "IEEE 802.11 Wireless Local Area Networks," IEEE Communications Magazine, September, 1997, pp. 116-126.

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B. Crow, I. Widjaja, L. Kim, and P. Sakai, "IEEE 802.11 wireless local area networks, " IEEE Commun. Mag., pp. 116--126, Sep. 1997.

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