D. Gall. MPEG: A video compression standard for multimedia applications. Communications of the ACM, 34(4):46--58, 1991.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   ACM   TOC   Related Articles   Check

....smoothing. 1 Introduction Many emerging multimedia applications, such as video on demand and video casting, rely on the efficient transfer of stored or live video. Transferring high quality video requires a large amount of network bandwidth. Even effective compression techniques, such as MPEG [8] and motion JPEG [22] still result in video streams with bandwidth requirements in the range of 2 10 megabits second. In addition, compressed video exhibits significant burstiness on multiple time scales [9, 10, 18] due to the natural variation within and between scenes, as well as the frame ....

D. Gall. "MPEG: A Video Compression Standard for Multimedia Applications". Communications of the ACM, pages 46--58, April 1991.

....at some period of time, being nonsaturated during the remaining time. That will allow us to analyze the system behavior in both situations. On the other hand, transmitting real time VBR ows is not a trivial matter because a di erent amount of bandwidth will be needed during the transmission [3, 8]. One of the methods to improve these transmissions is the smoothing [7, 9, 12] of streams before their transmission. This way peaks and rate variability requirements are minimized. We use an approach similar to [12] which develops a transmission plan consisting of time periods so that, in each ....

D. Gall. Mpeg: a video compression standard for multimedia applications. Communications of the ACM, 34(4):46-58, April 1991.

....the parts brought in by a request for reuse by a closely followed request and then those parts are subsequently discarded. However, this approach does not guarantee real video on demand delivery, but rather a good performance of the overall system. New video compression formats such as MPEG2 [8] also allow for the storage and transmission of high quality video streams requiring relatively low capacity. One major problem with compression formats in streams is that their bit rate variability is increased. Transmitting realtime VBR ows is no trivial matter, because a di erent amount of ....

D. Gall. Mpeg: a video compression standard for multimedia applications. Communications of the ACM, 34(4):46-58, April 1991.

....is expected to store hundreds of media files, and provide simultaneous media access to several hundreds (or thousands) of clients. The stored media files are large. For example, a two hour Comprehensive Examination Paper, Dec14, 2001. MPEG 2 encoded movie requires approximately 4 GB of storage [30]. To ensure playback without pauses , the requested media has to be retrieved from the storage subsystems and transmitted at a fixed rate in the network (e.g. 4 6 Mbps for MPEG 2) Since a large number of streams might be in progress at a given point in time, server resources such as disk ....

....(RTCP) are described in Sections II B and II C, respectively. The Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP) is discussed in Section II D. A. MPEG Compression A popular family of compression standards has been defined for coding audio visual information by the Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) [30]. This includes three set of standards, namely MPEG 1, MPEG 2, and MPEG4. MPEG 1 is designed to store full motion video with bitrates up to 1.5 Mbps on CD ROMs. MPEG 1 is widely used in Video CDs (VCDs) MPEG 2 is targeted towards high quality digital broadcast systems with bitrates between 3 80 ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

D. L. Gall. MPEG: A Video Compression Standard for Multimedia Applications. Communications of ACM, 34(4):xx--yy, April 1991.

....the parts brought in by a request for reuse by a closely followed request and then those parts are subsequently discarded. However, this approach does not guarantee real video on demand delivery, but rather a good performance of the overall system. New video compression formats such as MPEG2 [8] also allow for the storage and transmission of high quality video streams requiring relatively low capacity. One major problem with compression formats in streams is that their bit rate variability is increased. Transmitting realtime VBR flows is no trivial matter, because a di#erent amount of ....

D. Gall. Mpeg: a video compression standard for multimedia applications. Communications of the ACM, 34(4):46--58, April 1991.

....net connections at homes are becoming faster and having more bandwidth day after day. This fact allows multimedia applications for these connections, from on line radio stations which can be easily found nowadays, to heavier applications like video playing. New video compression formats like MPEG2 [6] or MJPEG [1] also allow to store and transmit high quality video streams requiring relatively low capacity. Previous Studies Much work has been done in the past on the delivery of video on demand (VOD) Maybe the most simple technique consists of using a centralized single server intended to ....

D. Gall. Mpeg: a video compression standard for multimedia applications. Communications of the ACM, 34(4):46-58, April 1991.

.... minfd( Gamma b c) xmin e; g Theta s max D BIND FD GammaBIND (ffit) R k I k GammaR k Gamma1 I k Gamma1 I k GammaI k Gamma1 (ffit Gamma I k ) R k I k ; I k Gamma1 ffit I k 2. 2 The MPEG Standard and the XGOP B Model The MPEG (Moving Picture Expert Group) coding algorithm [9] was developed for storage of compressed video in digital media. However, recent applications have been using the MPEG standard for a wide variety of services, from multimedia stations to high definition TV. A MPEG coder produces three frame types: I frames (intra pictures) that use intrapicture ....

D. L. Gall, "MPEG: A video compression standard for multimedia applications," Communications of the ACM, pp. 305--313, Apr. 1991.

....t denotes the interval between packets. The vector N stores the maximum frame sizes for the di erent types. In MPEG 2 there are I frames, P frames and B frames which usually have the size relation I P B. The frames are often arranged in a pre de ned structure called group of pictures (GOP) [7]. In this case, the parameter N holds the maximum sizes of the frame types in the GOP. Alternatively, N can be used to store all or clustered actual frame sizes in a stream to allow for an almost perfect analysis resulting in quite a big vector. Higher need for bu er space and increased ....

Gall, G.L.: MPEG: A Video Compression Standard for Multimedia Applications. Communications of the ACM, 4(34), 1991.

....by a discussion of the SAD operation. Section 3 describes the basic operation of our proposed Sum Absolute Difference unit, and Section 4 gives a sample implementation of the proposed unit. Section 5 concludes this paper with some remarks and future research directions. 2. Background In MPEG [10, 4], video sequences are compressed by exploiting both spatial and temporal redundancies. Spatial redundancies can be seen as small differences between local pels. In many encoding schemes the spatial redundancies are exploited using DCT [1, 7, 15] or predictive coding [12] Temporal redundancies can ....

D. L. Gall. Mpeg: A video compression standard for multimedia applications. Communications of the ACM, 34(4):46-- 58, April 1991.

....we tested the isolation property introduced by the CBS on tasks executions. To stress the protection mechanism, we created a set of soft tasks characterized by a very high variance in their execution times. A typical periodic task characterized by a large execution time variance is an MPEG [8] player (all experiments were performed using the Berkeley MPEG library [16] which was ported to HARTIK) Then, we performed a simple experiment with 2 tasks, 1 and 2 , having periods T 1 = 125ms (8 frames per second FpS) and T 2 = 30ms (33 FpS) Figure 3 plots the number of decoded frames ....

D. Gall. Mpeg: A video compression standard for multimedia applications. Communications of the ACM, 34(4):46--58, April 1991.

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D. Gall. MPEG: A video compression standard for multimedia applications. Communications of the ACM, 34(4):46--58, 1991.

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D. L. Gall, "Mpeg: a video compression standard for multimedia applications," Commun. ACM, vol. 34, no. 4, 1991.

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GALL D. L., "MPEG: A Video Compression Standard for Multimedia Applications ", Communications of the ACM, vol. 34, num. 4, 1991, p. 46-58.

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D. Gall, "MPEG: A video compression standard for multimedia applications, " Commun. ACM, vol. 34, pp. 46--58, Apr. 1991.

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D. L. Gall, "MPEG: A Video Compression Standard for Multimedia Applications," Communications of the ACM, vol. 34, no. 4, Apr. 1991.

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Gall D. Le, MPEG: A video compression standard for multimedia applications, Communications of the ACM, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 46---58; 305-313

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D. L. Gall, "MPEG: A video compression standard for multimedia applications," Commun. ACM 34#4#, 47--58 #1991#.

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D. L. Gall. MPEG: A Video Compression Standard for Multimedia Applications. Communications of the ACM, 4(34), 1991.

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D. Gall, "MPEG: A video compression standard for multimedia applications," Communications of the ACM, vol. 34, pp. 305--313, April 1991.

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D. Gall. MPEG: A video compression standard for multimedia applications. Communications of the ACM, 34(4):46--58, 1991.

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D.L. Gall, MPEG: A Video Compression Standard for Multimedia Applications, Communications of ACM, vol. 34, no. 4, 1991, pages 4658.

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D. L. Gall, "MPEG: A video compression standard for multimedia applications," Commun. ACM, vol. 34, pp. 46--58, Apr. 1991.

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D. L. Gall, `MPEG: a video compression standard for multimedia applications', Communications of the ACM, 34, (4), 46--58 (1991).

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D.L. GALL, "MPEG: A Video Compression Stan- dard for Multimedia Applications," Coremunicariots of the ACM, Vol. 34, No. 4, Apr. 1991, pp. 47-58.

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D.L. Gall. MPEG: A Video Compression Standard for Multimedia Applications. In Communications of the ACM, 34, 4, April 1991. 2

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