John K. Kawai, James S. Painter, and Michael F. Cohen. Radioptimization --- goal-based rendering. In Computer Graphics Proceedings, Annual Conference Series, pages 147--154, 1993.  Home/Search   Document Details and Download   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....in inverse lighting (for a survey see [9] we only cite here some examples. Schoeneman et al. 10] describe an interactive system that, given a set of lights with fixed positions, determines their colours and intensities in order to match a target image painted by the designer. Kawai et al. [11] control light emissions and directions, as well as surface reflectances for designing the illumination in an environment rendered with a radiosity based method. As in the former case, the user has to specify how the final image should be illuminated. None of these methods automatically sets the ....

J. K. Kawai, J. S. Painter, and M. F. Cohen. Radioptimization - goal based rendering. In Proc. of SIGGRAPH-93: Computer Graphics, pages 147--154, Anaheim, CA, 1993.

....to apply and when to break these rules, our system is intended for the more common non artistic user. Little work dealing with artistic composition has been published in the computer graphics literature. Feiner and Seligmann [9, 17] borrowed principles from technical illustration. Kawai et al. [11] automated the creation of pleasing lighting. Both He et al. 20] and Karp and Feiner [10] examined how animation sequences are developed. Kowalski et al. 12] have explored user guided composition. 2 Compositional Principles In art, heuristics for creating images of 3D objects fall into three ....

KAWAI, J. K., PAINTER, J. S., AND COHEN, M. F. Radioptimization - goal based rendering. In Proceedings of SIGGRAPH (1993), pp. 147--154.

....this modification to the original photograph, producing an enhanced image that appears as if it was taken under the desired lighting (Figure 2) Solving for lighting in an inverse system is not new to computer graphics, although it may be new to photography. One application is lighting design [10, 7], in which a configuration of lights is computed from a specification of desired illumination. Other uses of the linearity of rendering include representing the phases of sunlight using basis images [8] and work involving lighting design for opera [3] and real time building walkthroughs [1] 2. ....

J. K. Kawai, J. S. Painter, and M. F. Cohen. Radioptimization---goal based rendering. In Computer Graphics (SIGGRAPH '93 Proceedings), pages 147--154, August 1993.

....that efficiently (via linear combinations of images) solve the direct problem of generating images from light source descriptions. Since we are working with the algebraic structure of these subspaces, we can also consider goal directed inverse problems within the same context [Baltes, 1978, Kawai et al. 1993, Schoeneman et al. 1993] 2 Plenoptic (Total Optical) Space The plenoptic function [Adelson and Bergen, 1991] is a 7 dimensional function that captures all the information contained in the light filling a region of space. If a pinhole camera is positioned at a given point #x; y; z#, it will ....

....the form of a set of vertex radiosities. A set of weights #w 1 ; w n # is used to construct an approximated image Y, Y = n X i=1 w i F i ; 27 where the objective function kY , Yk is minimized. Their solution assumes that the positions of the light sources is fixed. Kawai et al. [Kawai et al. 1993] solve for the parameters in a radiosity solution as a constrained optimization problem. They introduce three kinds of constraints: # Physical Constraints: Hard constraints between illumination parameters based on the rendering equation [Kajiya, 1986] # Design Goals: User chosen constraints ....

Kawai, J. K., Painter, J. S., and Cohen, M. F. (1993). Radioptimization - goal based rendering. In Kajiya, J. T., editor, Computer Graphics (SIGGRAPH '93 Proceedings), volume 27, pages 147--154.

....emphasizing those factors that would make the greatest differences in how a viewer perceives the sequence either consciously or unconsciously. This approach of using results from the psychophysical literature to refine rendering techniques has already been used successfully for still images [31] [32], 33] ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors would like to thank Jacquelyn Gray, John Pani, Neff Walker, and the reviewers for their valuable comments. This project was supported in part by U.S. National Science Foundation NYI Grant No. IRI 9457621, Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratory, and a Packard ....

# J.K. Kawai, J.S. Painter, and M.F. Cohen, "Radioptimization---Goal Based Rendering," SIGGRAPH `93 Conf. Proc., pp. 147-154, Anaheim, Calif., 1-6 Aug. 1993.

....the rendering of animated sequences by including only those factors that would make the greatest di#erences in how a viewer perceives the sequence. This approach of using results from the psychophysical literature to refine rendering techniques has already been used successfully for still images[14, 27, 9]. Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank Jacquelyn Gray, John Pani, and Ne# Walker for their valuable comments. This project was supported in part by NSF NYI Grant No. IRI 9457621, Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratory, and a Packard Fellowship. ....

J. K. Kawai, J. S. Painter, and M. F. Cohen. Radioptimization - goal based rendering. In SIGGRAPH '93 Conference Proceedings,An- nual Conference Series, pages 147--154. ACM SIGGRAPH, August 1993. Held in Anaheim, California, 1--6 August 1993.

....with respect to user supplied objectives. Several lighting design and rendering systems have employed inverse design. For example, the user can specify the location of highlights and shadows [42] pixel intensities or surface radiance values [47, 43] or subjective impressions of illumination [28]; the computer then attempts to determine lighting or reflectance parameters that best match the given objectives using optimization techniques. Because sound is considerably more complex than light, an inverse approach appears to have even more potential in assisting acoustic designers. In this ....

John K. Kawai, James S. Painter, and Michael F. Cohen. Radioptimization - goal based rendering. In Computer Graphics Proceedings, Annual Conference Series, 1993, pages 147--154, 1993.

....this thesis. 5 the division of labor, we must also provide simple interface mechanisms to facilitate the interaction between user and computer. Although others have used optimization in the design of graphics (Witkin and Kass, 1988; Poulin and Fournier, 1992; van de Panne and Fiume, 1993; Kawai, Painter, and Cohen, 1993; Schoeneman et al. 1993; Liu, Gortler, and Cohen, 1994; Sims, 1994; Tang, Ngo, and Marks, 1995; Christensen, Marks, and Shieber, 1995; He et al. 1996; Edmondson et al. 1997) they utilize a different division of labor between the computer and its user the computer traditionally attempts to ....

.... used in a variety of applications, including label placement (Christensen, Marks, and Shieber, 1995; Edmondson et al. 1997) motion synthesis (Liu, Gortler, and Cohen, 1994; Sims, 1994; Tang, Ngo, and Marks, 1995; van de Panne and Fiume, 1993; Witkin and Kass, 1988) lighting specification (Kawai, Painter, and Cohen, 1993; Poulin and Fournier, 1992; Schoeneman et al. 1993) and volume rendering (He et al. 1996) However, this automated method of parameter specification provides little support to users for defining objective functions. There are two reasons that inverse design is problematic: deciding what ....

Kawai, John K., James S. Painter, and Michael F. Cohen. 1993. Radioptimization -- goalbased rendering. In Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 93, pages 147--154, Anaheim, California, Aug. In Computer Graphics Annual Conf. Series, 1993.

....is interactive evolution [11, 21, 23] the computer explores the space of possible parameter settings, and the user acts as an objective function oracle, interactively selecting computersuggested alternatives for further exploration. A more automatic methodology is inverse design, e.g. [10, 12, 14, 19, 22, 25, 27]: the computer searches for parameter settings that optimize a usersupplied, mathematically stated objective function. Unfortunately, there are many interesting and important graphics processes for which interactive evolution and inverse design are not very useful. These processes share two ....

....is an essential precursor to image rendering. Previous attempts at computer assisted lighting specification have used inverse design. For example, the user can specify the location of highlights and shadows in the image [15] pixel intensities [19] or subjective impressions of illumination [10]; the computer then attempts to determine lighting parameters that best meet the given objectives, using geometric [15] or optimization [10, 19] techniques. Unfortunately, the formulation of lighting specification as an inverse problem has some significant drawbacks. High quality image rendering ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

J. K. Kawai, J. S. Painter, and M. F. Cohen. Radioptimization -- goal-based rendering. In SIGGRAPH 93 Conf. Proc., pages 147--154, Anaheim, California, Aug. 1993.

....correct. The user should, of course, be able to override any of these default settings. Constraint techniques may also be useful in producing timing sequences that optimize some user specified emotional goal for a scene such as surprise or tension. This is similar to the work of Kawai [15] in the field of rendering. 7.5.6 Strong Poses Previously we mentioned determining an animation s appeal. We now propose an algorithm for measuring the strength of a player s pose. Both traditional animation[16, 25] and live action[1] literature state that players should be posed to expose as ....

Kawai, J., Painter, J., and Cohen, M. Radioptimization --- goal based rendering. In SIGGRAPH '93 Conference Proceedings (1993).

....a designer specifies the scene. While our primary application has been correcting out of gamut colors, this methodology can be generally applied to the problem of adjusting a scene description to accommodate constraints on the output image pixel values. Since this work was completed, two papers [4, 7] have been published that apply optimization techniques to the problem of defining the lighting in 3D scenes. As the methods used are similar to device directed rendering, a detailed comparison will be presented in section 7. 2 Overview of Device Directed Rendering The color of any pixel in a ....

....is projected into the 3D scene, and it is within this 3D environment that the optimization process takes place. Schoeneman et al. used a radiosity algorithm to describe the interchange of light in the scene, and limited the scene surfaces to perfectly diffuse reflectors. The paper by Kawai et al. [4] describes a rather more ambitious system. Once again the designer is allowed to interact with the 3D scene through a 2D rendered image. The designer can set not only objective material definitions such as reflectivity, but also more 2 We appreciate that within the color perception community the ....

Kawai, John K., Painter, James S., Cohen, Michael F., Radioptimization--Goal Based Rendering, Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 93 (Anaheim, CA, August 1--6, 1993). In Computer Graphics Proceedings, Annual Conference Series, 1993, ACM SIGGRAPH, New York, 1993, pp. 147--154.

....with respect to usersupplied objectives. Several lighting design and rendering systems have employed inverse design. For example, the user can specify the location of highlights and shadows [21] pixel intensities or surface radiance values [23, 22] or subjective impressions of illumination [12]; the computer then attempts to determine lighting or reflectance parameters that best match the given objectives using optimization techniques. Because sound is considerably more complex than light, an inverse approach appears to have even more potential in assisting acoustic designers. We build ....

KAWAI, J. K., PAINTER, J. S., AND COHEN, M. F. Radioptimization - goal based rendering. In Computer Graphics Proceedings, Annual Conference Series, 1993 (1993), pp. 147--154.

....and a strong, narrow component (the sun) In spirit, this hybrid scheme is akin to Chen s multi pass method for global illumination [5] where the most appropriate method is used to render each type of ray path. Finally, we note how to combine our re rendering scheme with goal based rendering [13, 20]. The scheme in [20] automatically determines the intensity settings of a fixed set of lights such that the image of the model scene is similar to one painted by the designer. The scheme in [13] automatically adjusts the intensity and direction of foci of the lights, but it involves incremental ....

....of ray path. Finally, we note how to combine our re rendering scheme with goal based rendering [13, 20] The scheme in [20] automatically determines the intensity settings of a fixed set of lights such that the image of the model scene is similar to one painted by the designer. The scheme in [13] automatically adjusts the intensity and direction of foci of the lights, but it involves incremental rendering. Re rendering via linear combinations of steerable lights allows one to change the geometry of the light sources. By using lights that are constrained to be steerable, goal based linear ....

J K Kawai, J S Painter, and M F Cohen. Radioptimization - goal based rendering. Computer Graphics, 27(2):147--154, 1993.

....tested cases. 1 Introduction The main application of realistic image synthesis in computer graphics is to create simulated scenes of photo realistic quality. Recently radiosity method becomes increasingly popular for determining global illumination in architectural modeling and virtual reality [5, 12] because it accurately portrays illumination effects such as shadows and interreflections in diffuse environments. An important application requirement is to provide real time interaction when a user modifies a high quality synthesized image in a computer aided design process. At the present time, ....

Kawai, J., Painter, J., Cohen, M.: Radioptimization--Goal Based Rendering. Proceedings of SIGGRAPH'93, 147--154.

....modeling applications. Sederberg et al. 46, 47] developed two methods for blending one 2 D shape into another in a way that minimizes the work required for the transformation. Maillot et al. 32] proposed a technique that lowers the distortion produced during texture mapping. Kawai et al. [27] presented a method for designing the illumination of an environment using an optimization technique applied to a radiosity based image generation system. Snyder [48] has shown that numerous problems in computer graphics may be formulated as constrained minimization problems, and therefore can be ....

J.K. Kawai, J.S. Painter and M.F. Cohen, "Radioptimization - Goal Based Rendering, " Computer Graphics (Proc. SIGGRAPH), pp. 147-154, August 1993.

....is interactive evolution [11, 21, 23] the computer explores the space of possible parameter settings, and the user acts as an objective function oracle, interactively selecting computer suggested alternatives for further exploration. A more automatic methodology is inverse design, e.g. [10, 12, 14, 19, 22, 25, 27]: the computer searches for parameter settings that optimize a user supplied, mathematically stated objective function. Unfortunately, there are many interesting and important graphics processes for which interactive evolution and inverse design are not very useful. These processes share two ....

....is an essential precursor to image rendering. Previous attempts at computer assisted lighting specification have used inverse design. For example, the user can specify the location of highlights and shadows in the image [15] pixel intensities [19] or subjective impressions of illumination [10]; the computer then attempts to determine lighting parameters that best meet the given objectives, using geometric [15] or optimization [10, 19] techniques. Unfortunately, the formulation of lighting specification as an inverse problem has some significant drawbacks. High quality image rendering ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

J. K. Kawai, J. S. Painter, and M. F. Cohen. Radioptimization -- goal-based rendering. In SIGGRAPH 93 Conf. Proc., pages 147--154, Anaheim, California, Aug. 1993.

....the rendering of animated sequences by including only those factors that would make the greatest differences in how a viewer perceives the sequence. This approach of using results from the psychophysical literature to refine rendering techniques has already been used successfully for still images[14, 27, 9]. Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank Jacquelyn Gray, John Pani, and Neff Walker for their valuable comments. This project was supported in part by NSF NYI Grant No. IRI 9457621, Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratory, and a Packard Fellowship. ....

J. K. Kawai, J. S. Painter, and M. F. Cohen. Radioptimization - goal based rendering. In SIGGRAPH '93 Conference Proceedings, Annual Conference Series, pages 147--154. ACM SIGGRAPH, Addison Wesley, August 1993. Held in Anaheim, California, 1--6 August 1993.

....that efficiently (via linear combinations of images) solve the direct problem of generating images from light source descriptions. Since we are working with the algebraic structure of these subspaces, we can also consider goal directed inverse problems within the same context [Baltes, 1978, Kawai et al. 1993, Schoeneman et al. 1993] 2 Plenoptic (Total Optical) Space The plenoptic function [Adelson and Bergen, 1991] is a 7 dimensional function that captures all the information contained in the light filling a region of space. If a pinhole camera is positioned at a given point (x; y; z) it will ....

....of a set of vertex radiosities. A set of weights (w 1 ; w n ) is used to construct an approximated image Y, Y = n X i=1 w i F i ; where the objective function kY Gamma Yk is minimized. Their solution assumes that the positions of the light sources is fixed. Kawai et al. [Kawai et al. 1993] solve for the parameters in a radiosity solution as a constrained optimization problem. They introduce three kinds of constraints: ffl Physical Constraints: Hard constraints between illumination parameters based on the rendering equation [Kajiya, 1986] ffl Design Goals: User chosen constraints ....

Kawai, J. K., Painter, J. S., and Cohen, M. F. (1993). Radioptimization - goal based rendering. In Kajiya, J. T., editor, Computer Graphics (SIGGRAPH '93 Proceedings), volume 27, pages 147--154.

....is interactive evolution [11, 20, 22] the computer explores the search space of possible parameter settings, and the user acts as an objective function oracle, interactively selecting computer suggested alternatives for further exploration. A more automatic methodology is inverse design, e.g. [10, 12, 13, 18, 21, 24, 26]: the computer searches for parameter settings that optimize a user supplied, mathematically stated objective function. Unfortunately, there are many interesting and important graphics processes for which interactive evolution and inverse design are not very useful. These processes share two ....

....is an essential precursor to image rendering. Previous attempts at computer assisted lighting specification have used inverse design. For example, the user can specify the location of highlights and shadows in the image [14] or pixel intensities [18] or subjective impressions of illumination [10]; the computer can then determine lighting parameters that best meet the given objectives, using geometric [14] or optimization [10, 18] techniques. Unfortunately, the formulation of lighting specification as an inverse problem has some significant drawbacks. High quality image rendering (e.g. ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

J. K. Kawai, J. S. Painter, and M. F. Cohen. Radioptimization -- goal-based rendering. In SIGGRAPH 93 Conf. Proc., pages 147--154, Anaheim, California, Aug. 1993.

No context found.

John K. Kawai, James S. Painter, and Michael F. Cohen. Radioptimization --- goal-based rendering. In Computer Graphics Proceedings, Annual Conference Series, pages 147--154, 1993.

No context found.

J. K. Kawai, J. S. Painter, and M. F. Cohen. Radioptimization - Goal Based Rendering.InComputer Graphics Proceedings, Anual Conference Series, pages 147--154, 1993.

No context found.

J.K.Kawai, J.S.Painter, and M.F.Cohen, " Radioptimization--Goal Based Rendering," Computer Graphics Proceedings, Annual Conference Series, 1993, pp.147-154.

No context found.

J.K.Kawai, J.S.Painter, and M.F.Cohen, " Radioptimization--Goal Based Rendering," Computer Graphics Proceedings, Annual Conference Series, 1993, pp.147-154.

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