KIRBY, SIMON. 1997a. Competing motivations and emergence: explaining implicational hierarchies. Language Typology 1.5--32.  Home/Search   Document Details and Download   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....by positing that the probability of successful interaction is partly a function of the WML of the sentence type chosen. An alternative assumption is that maturational working memory limitations will decrease the chances of less parsable sentence types functioning as effective triggers (see e.g. Kirby, 1997, 1998, 1999 for a similar position) To simulate this scenario, the same set of runs was done with random reproduction of LAgts but with memory limitations during learning. The results show a very similar pattern to those reported above, though the selection effect is weaker and it is only when ....

....obtained from all ten runs. These results confirm that linguistic selection can occur without any natural selection for LAgts whatsoever. The inductive bias of the acquisition procedure which the LAgts use is enough to create a process of linguistic selection for the most learnable languages. Kirby (1997, 1998, 1999) explores in detail this form of linguistic selection, as languages, or more accurately triggers, pass repeatedly through the bottleneck of language acquisition. Essentially, triggers compete for learners and those which are more able to pass through the filter of the acquisition ....

Kirby, Simon (1997) `Competing motivations and emergence: explaining implicational hierarchies', Language Typology, vol.1, 5--32.

....operations for copying bits of the database onto the blackboard. Rather, they will be given additional set of symbols to be used for communication, and a set of operations for learning symbols by guessing their meaning. The basic principles of such a system are clear from previous work, such as [17, 16, 22, 19, 2, 4, 12, 11, 13, 9]. However, a word of caution: the complexity of the additional speci cation and programming task is large, and the amount of CPU time that would be needed for agents to develop interesting languages from scratch may also be large. The negative character of the results in [5] may be indicative of ....

Simon Kirby, 1996. \Competing motivations and emergence: explaining implicational hierarchies", Language Typology , 1.

....to pidgin data, modelled as clauses with a verb and single word subjects and objects appearing in random orders, tend to acquire a grammar generating a SVO subset language with similar clauses. That is, they do not generalise the pidgin data to form a creole superset grammar but they 27 Kirby (1996, 1997) is one example of a detailed and carefully worked out account of linguistic change based on adaptation to language acquisition. 28 The estimate of 35 is based on census figures for 1890, 1900 and 1910 kindly supplied by Derek Bickerton. These are incomplete in some areas but indicate an under ....

Kirby, S. (1997) `Competing motivations and emergence: explaining implicational hierarchies', Language Typology, vol.1, 5--32.

....inheritance. Several researchers have recently proposed that language can be treated as a dynamic or (complex) adaptive system in order to formally model aspects of language change (e.g. Niyogi and Berwick, 1997a,b) or account for typological, statistical and implicational universals (e.g. Kirby, 1996, 1997, 1998) In generative work on diachronic syntax, language change is primarily located in parameter resetting (reanalysis) during language acquisition (e.g. Lightfoot, 1979, 1992, 1997; Clark and Roberts, 1993; Kroch and Taylor, 1997) Differential learnability of grammatical systems, on the basis ....

....mutation of the n updatable parameters per trigger. Crossover and mutation can turn an absolute (inherited) principle into a default or unset parameter and vice versa, change values of either, and so forth. 21 19 The critical period is simply stipulated Hurford (1991) and Hurford and Kirby (1997) describe evolutionary simulations in which such a criticial period emerges given certain assumptions. 20 The encoding of p settings allows the deterministic recovery of the initial setting because reset parameters are those preceded by R , or followed by a determinate value. parameters ....

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Kirby, S. (1997) `Competing motivations and emergence: explaining implicational hierarchies', Language Typology, vol.1, 5--32.

....evidence of enough constancy in the environment to allow genetic assimilation. However, once we view language itself as an adaptive system, this assumption, that universals are unambiguous evidence of genetic assimilation of linguistic knowledge into a LAD, is no longer valid. Hurford (1987) and Kirby (1996, 1997) argue that many linguistic universals, and especially typological, implicational or statistical universals, are the result of historical adaptations by languages to the capacities and limitations of language users. Drawing on Hawkins (1994) work on constituent order universals and his metric of ....

Kirby, S. (1997) `Competing motivations and emergence: explaining implicational hierarchies', Language Typology, vol.1, 5--32.

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KIRBY, SIMON. 1997a. Competing motivations and emergence: explaining implicational hierarchies. Language Typology 1.5--32.

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KIRBY, SIMON. 1997a. Competing motivations and emergence: explaining implicational hierarchies. Language Typology 1.5--32.

....way of eliminating the worst wh extractions from the range of possible languages, hence the subjacency condition becomes part of our innate LAD. 3 Glossogenetic functionalism An alternative explanation for the origin of particular language universals can be termed glossogenetic functionalism 3 [21, 23, 24, 20]. In this approach, the constraints on variation are not assumed to arise directly from the structure of our innate language learning mechanism. Instead, the universals emerge over a historical cultural timescale from the process of language acquisition and use. This type of explanation relies on ....

....generation. In a sense there are two games taking place in this model: an adult to child game which results in cultural transmission, and an adult to adult game that results in natural selection. In order to model language change, it is important for the arena of use to be organised spatially [24, 29]. This is achieved in the simulation by organising the individuals in the population in a one dimensional loop, as in figure 2. For the results reported, breeding is not spatially organised. It was found that organising both linguistic and genetic interaction spatially lead quickly to extreme ....

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Simon Kirby. Competing motivations and emergence: explaining implicational hierarchies. Language Typology, 1:5--32, 1997.

....a 66 and two 62s. Turning our attention to these lower level categories, we can see that every atomic meaning (i.e. all the objects and all the actions) has one (and only one) word. These words are all only two symbols long, which, given the constraint on the symbol inventory that the SIMON KIRBY 17 2 = c [205] 3 = e [167] 10 = a [120] 4 = d [108] S 66 62 62 [100] Agent= 2) 0 Patient= 1) 0 Predicate= 0) 4 62 3 2 [49] 0=Mary 62 2 10 [40] 0=Zoltan 62 10 4 [39] 0=Mike 62 2 2 [38] 0=Tunde 62 4 3 [34] 0=John 66 10 3 [24] 4=Likes 66 2 3 [22] 4=Loves 66 3 3 [19] ....

KIRBY, SIMON. 1997a. Competing motivations and emergence: explaining implicational hierarchies. Language Typology 1.5--32.

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