Orazio Miglino, Stefano Nol and Domenico Parisi, Discontinuity in Evolution: How Different Levels of Organization Imply PreAdaptation, Department of Psychology, University of Palermo, Italy  Home/Search   Document Details and Download   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....from a change in patterns. Figure 14: Combined learning for the OR problem in a changing environment Such results outline the robustness of the combination of both individual and population learning. These ndings echo related results obtained; the interested reader is directed to[6] 8] and [9] for related work. The population tness did not drop to disastrous levels because the individual learning factor allowed the creatures to at least learn something about the new patterns. The ones which were found to have learned better than others were then given the opportunity to pass on their ....

Orazio Miglino, Stefano Nol and Domenico Parisi, Discontinuity in Evolution: How Different Levels of Organization Imply PreAdaptation, Department of Psychology, University of Palermo, Italy

....(1996) and some others can be set as a strong argument that the features which are discovered from the low level processing, which emerge as a higher level structures from the lower level processing are very important, or the most important features of evolutionary processing. See also work of Miglino, Nolfi and Parisi (1997)) The aim of this research is to test a possibility of pushing GP search into pre designed higher level structures. The main idea is to combine within single GP low level language and instructions set, together with some higher level mechanisms, to bound the search space. The next section ....

Miglino, O., Nolfi, S. and Parisi, D. (1997). Discontinuity in evolution: how different levels of organization imply pre-adaptation, Departament of Psychology, University of Palermo, Italy.

....of each individual (fitness) and at the level of populations of individuals and of entire ecosystems. Examining organisms at various levels could be crucial for understanding their behavior, because often an explanation of what happens at one level can be found at another level (see, for example, [5]; 2] In particular, one could hypothesize that the evolution of modularity results from the interaction among processes at different levels. In future work we will focus on the evolutionarily emergence of functionally different modules at the neural behavioral level from gene duplication. We ....

Miglino, Orazio, S. Nolfi and D. Parisi, "Discontinuity in evolution: how different levels of organization imply pre-adaptation", Adaptive Individuals in Evolving Populations (Rick Belew and Melanie Mitchell eds.), AddisonWesley (1996).

....a simple 2 D environment. Each animat is equipped with a sensory system that allows it to perceive the direction and the distance of the nearest food element and with a motor system that provides the possibility of turning to the right or to the left, or to move forward. Likewise, the work of Miglino et al. 1996) involves an animat that must reach a target area in its environment using sensors, which react to the angle and distance of two landmarks, and actuators, which allow forward moves, right and left turns, and the possibility of remaining still. The nervous systems of these animats are bidimensional ....

Miglino, O., Nolfi, S. and Parisi, D. (1996). Discontinuity in evolution: how different levels of organization imply pre-adaptation. In Belew, R. and Mitchell, M. (Eds.). Plastic Individuals in Evolving Populations. Addison Wesley.

....which has little or no effect on fitness. And genomes and cultures can wander randomly through the possibility space, so that many different neutral possibilities are represented. These possibilities may be genetic, or neural, or other physiological, or individual behavioural, or social. See Miglino et al. 1996) for an account of how preadaptations can accumulate in a system with multiple layers of organization DNA, neural nets, behaviour, fitness. These authors also show how the accumulation of such preadaptations can lead to apparent discontinuities or phase changes in evolution. I give below a ....

Miglino, Orazio, Nolfi, Stefano, and Parisi, Domenico, (1996) `Discontinuity in evolution: How different levels of organization imply preadaptation', in Belew, Richard K., and Mitchell, Melanie (Eds) Adaptive Individuals in Evolving Populations: Models and Algorithms, Redwood City, California: Addison-Wesley.

....Therefore, to determine if specialization may lead to higher adaptation levels additional studies should be conducted. In order to understand the mechanisms by which duplication of structural units favors the specialization of modules we performed a winning lineage phylogenetic analysis (Miglino, Nolfi and Parisi, 1996). To perform such an analysis, it is necessary to take a best individual of the last generation and trace back all the ancestors of this individual up to and including the first generation. In this way, the entire lineage of the best individual of the last generation can be reconstructed. In our ....

Miglino, O., Nolfi, S., and Parisi, D. 1996. Discontinuity in evolution: how different levels of organization imply preadaptation. In Belew, R. and Mitchell, M. (Eds.). Adaptive Individuals in Evolving Populations. Reading, MA.: Addison-Wesley.

....of each individual (fitness) at the level of populations of individuals and of entire ecosystems. Examining organisms at various levels could be crucial for understanding their behavior, because often an explanation of what happens at one level can be found at another level (see, for example, Miglino et al. 1996; Calabretta et al. 1996) As a consequence, one could hypothesize that the evolution of modularity results from the interaction among processes at different levels. To evolve a neural controller for a mobile robot, Nolfi (1997a) used a modular neural network architecture that clearly ....

Miglino, O., Nolfi, S. and Parisi, D. (1996). Discontinuity in evolution: how different levels of organization imply preadaptation.

....and then download the evolved behaviours to the physical (LEGO) robots. 1 Introduction In the field of evolutionary robotics, many researchers have tried to transfer a corpus of knowledge from previous experiences in evolving simulated artificial agents (e.g. controlled by neural networks [18, 24]) to model psychobiological phenomena. However, there are some difficulties that one has to consider. The first problem that researchers in this field had to face was how to avoid the extremely time consuming cost of genetic algorithms directly applied to real robots. Consider the following ....

O. Miglino, S. Nolfi, and D. Parisi. Discontinuity in evolution: how different levels of organization imply pre-adaptation. In R. K. Belew and M. Mitchell, editors, Adaptive Individuals in Evolving Populations: Models and Algorithms. Addison-Wesley, 1996.

.... the problem is how to produce artificial genotypes to adapt to different environments (e.g. simulated and real environments) In this perspective, Evolutionary Robotics intersects other interesting research fields in Artificial Life such as phenotypic plasticity [5, 11, 19] pre adaptations [13, 15] ontogenetic and phylogenetic evolution [1, 19] In order to understand these phenomena more thoroughly, Evolutionary Robotics might come to play a crucial role in future when standards for the field have been obtained. Such standards will allow more complex experiments to be performed and more ....

Miglino, O., Nolfi S. & Parisi, D. (1995). Discontinuity in evolution: how different levels of organization imply pre-adaptation. In Belew, R. & Mitchel, M. (Eds.) Plastic Individual in Evolving Populations. SFI series, Addison-Wesley.

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