| G. Sz# eekely, Ch. Brechb# uuhler, R. Hutter, A. Rhomberg, P. Schmid, Modelling of soft tissue deformation for laparoscopic surgery simulation, Medical linage Analysis 4 (2000) 57--66. |
....must be at the same time very realistic (both visually and physically) and very eOEcient to allow real time deformations. Several methods have been proposed: spring mass models [10, 14] free form deformations [2] linear elasticity with nite volume method [11] or various nite element methods [7, 12, 17, 4, 20, 19]. In this article we propose a new real time deformable model based on non linear elasticity and a nite element method. We rst introduce the linear elasticity theory and its implementation through the nite element method, and we then highlight its shortcomings when the small displacement ....
G. Sz#kely, Ch. Brechb#hler, R. Hutter, A. Rhomberg, and P. Schmid. Modelling of soft tissue deformation for laparoscopic surgery simulation. Medical Image Analysis, 4:5766, 2000.
....device for force feedback. The graphics engine receives the new shape of the deformed organs and renders them with high realism, as seen from the current point of the camera. The resulting inside view of the abdomen appears on a monitor in front of the surgeon, just like in an actual surgery[6]. 2 System Overview The simulator is modularly built of ve components, which are implemented as separate programs. The central controller starts up both devices, instrument and optics, and the engines for the mechanics computation and graphics. Physically based mechanical behaviour is achieved ....
G. Sz ekely, C. Brechb uhler, R. Hutter, A. Rhomberg, N. Ironmonger, and P. Schmid, Modelling of soft tissue deformation for laparoscopic surgery simulation, in First International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention MICCAI'98, W. M. Wells et al., eds., no. 1496 in Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer Verlag, 1998, pp. 550-561.
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G. Sz# eekely, Ch. Brechb# uuhler, R. Hutter, A. Rhomberg, P. Schmid, Modelling of soft tissue deformation for laparoscopic surgery simulation, Medical linage Analysis 4 (2000) 57--66.
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