Peter Wegner, "Dimensions of object-based language design", Conference proceedings on Object-oriented programming systems, languages and applications. pp 168---182. ACM Press. Orlando, 1987.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....and portability. There are four features supported by object oriented languages: encapsulation, data abstraction, inheritance, and polymorphism. Combined, these provide a powerful mechanism for design reuse. Each of these is described in detail below, with material drawn from [Nie89] and [Weg87]. 2.1.1 Encapsulation Decomposing programs into procedures increases code readability and maintainability, yet aside from simple functional procedures each procedure call will modify state information external to the procedure. This requires either numerous parameters to each procedure, or more ....

Peter Wegner. Dimensions of Object-Based Language Design. In Proceedings of OOPSLA '87, pages 168--183, Orlando, Florida, October 1987.

....what it means to be object oriented . To facilitate our discussion of events and sensors to follow, we shall first present a minimal object model that sets out the few assumptions we make about the nature of objects. We shall adopt the definition of object orientation formulated by Wegner [11], where: OOP = Objects Classes Inheritance Furthermore, we assume the following: Message Passing: Messages are the only form of inter object communication. We define a call reply exchange as a protocol composed of a call message from a client to an object followed (eventually) by a reply ....

P. Wegner, "Dimensions of Object-Based Language Design," ACM SIGPLAN Notices, Proceedings OOPSLA '87, vol. 22, no. 12, pp. 168-182, Dec 1987.

....are currently being undertaken. 1 Introduction In recent years many organisations have been moving to the use of objectoriented methods for the development of information systems. Many objectoriented methods have been published, based on an underlying paradigm of objects, classes and inheritance [1], but little is understood (at least on the basis of sound empirical evidence) about how object oriented methods are used by practising professionals. Several studies have looked at small groups (often students) using object oriented methods for small one off exercises or problems. These studies ....

Wegner, P.: Dimensions of object-based language design. In: OOPSLA. ACM, New York, 1987.

....and active entities, or processes. However, not all concurrent object models view objects as active entities, as we shall see in the following subsection. We are still at the stage of enumerating the mechanisms supported by di#erent object models, and attempting to understand their interactions [Wegner 1987]. Now that we have object oriented programming languages that enable us to exploit encapsulation in various ways, we have discovered that we can no longer program in the way that we are used to. Our concerns with encapsulation in the past were mostly limited to problem decomposition and minimal ....

P. Wegner, "Dimensions of Object-Based Language Design", ACM SIGPLAN Notices, Proceedings OOPSLA '87, vol. 22, no. 12, pp. 168-182, Dec 1987.

....yet more flexible than one based on inheritance, and illustrates that inclusion polymorphism is actually the more fundamental ingredient. 1 Introduction The paradigm of object oriented programming is often characterized by the use of inheritance between classes. Wegner popularized this view [22] and it seems to persist to this day, for example in Moby [5] In the sense of object oriented programming, inheritance is an incremental modification mechanism that transforms an ancestor class into a descendent class by augmenting it in various ways. While this basic understanding of ....

P. Wegner. Dimensions of object-based language design. In Proceedings of the Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, Systems, Languages, and Applications (OOPSLA), pages 168--182, Orlando, FL, Oct. 1987.

....The approach proposed in [32] considers state evolution; however it does not provide a formal semantics due to active rules (e.g. production rules extended with events) used to express methods. As in the object oriented paradigm, methods ensure encapsulation and allow cooperation among objects [59]. We consider a many sorted signature E = Eo, E) containing only constant symbols. Eo is the set of object identifiers, that is those values used to denote objects, while , is the set of constant value symbols. Sets ,o and , are disjoint. We consider moreover a set of predicate symbols II, ....

....to the object model presented in the previous sections. We classify possible extensions into two main directions. The first direction extends the model with the notions of class and inheritance among classes, in order to support the full object oriented paradigm, according to Wegner classification [59]. The goal of providing full object orientation capabilities in logical languages has not been completely achieved. This difficulty is due to the integration of two important concepts: updates, and the higher level construction introduced by classes and inheritance. Many approaches consider ....

P. Wegner. Dimensions of Object-Based Language Design. In L. Power and Z. Weiss, editors, Proc. lnt'l Conf. on Object-Oriented Programming: Systems, Languages, and Applications, pages 168 182, 1987.

....both communication and computation similar to a shared memory model. In contrast to shared memory, objects hide the details of their state and behaviour, thus enhancing structure and maintainability of a distributed or parallel system. Inheritance mechanisms provided by object oriented languages [1] ease reusability and specialization of already existing data types [2] Taking these advantages into account, object oriented cooperation is a promising paradigm for massively parallel systems, too. Although object models can be realized on top of a shared memory model, Remote Object hvocatiots ....

P. Wegner, ;;Dimensions of object-based language design," Special issue of SIGPLAN Notices, vol. 22, pp. 88 97, Oct. 1987.

....that are reflecting the application domain and implementation platforms. Delos consists of three parts formally integrated into one unified language. ffl OM (Object Modeling) a type and interface definition language based on concepts usually considered central to object oriented languages [15]. ffl SM (Structure Modeling) coarse grained, high level modularization of collections of object types and hierarchical structuring of these modules [10] ffl DM (Distribution Modeling) design of process structures, distribution of processes, distribution of persistent data, etc. 3 Some ....

Peter Wegner. Dimensions of object-based language design. In OOPSLA '87, Conference on Object-Oriented Programming Systems, Languages, and Applications, October 1987.

....best explained in terms of a run time model. Therefore we will adopt the run time perspective to describe the conceptual model in this section 2 . 3.1. 1 Basic Structure of Composition Filters Objects The composition filters model is a modular extension to the conventional object based model [17] as adopted e.g. by programming languages such as Java, C and Smalltalk, and component models such as CORBA and Enterprise JavaBeans. Since in an object based system, all behavior is implemented by sending messages between objects, the manipulation of incoming and outgoing messages of objects ....

P. Wegner, Dimensions of Object-Based Language Design, OOPSLA '87, pp. 168-182

....combining functional and non functional features in a reusable form has been studied extensively in the past. In this section we consider both approaches to reuse and approaches to separating functional and non functional aspects of behaviour. 3. 1 Interference of Object oriented Features Wegner [58] has proposed a classification of object based programming languages according to a set of orthogonal dimensions: Object Based: encapsulation (objects) identity] Object Oriented: classes inheritance . Strongly typed: data abstraction types . Concurrent: concurrency [ ....

Peter Wegner, "Dimensions of Object-Based Language Design," Proceedings OOPSLA '87, ACM SIGPLAN Notices, vol. 22, no. 12, Dec. 1987, pp. 168-182.

.... language inheritance is an incremental modification operation on record structures with overlapping inheritable attributes [WeZd88] It is an imperative mechanism for creating new classes and associated objects during system evolution, producing implementation hierarchies based on code sharing [Weg87]. In contrast, abstract inheritance (as found on higher abstraction levels, such as specification and modeling) is a declarative relation among entities in an inheritance network [WeZd88] based on abstract interfaces and creating specification hierarchies [Weg87] Nodes of an inheritance network ....

.... hierarchies based on code sharing [Weg87] In contrast, abstract inheritance (as found on higher abstraction levels, such as specification and modeling) is a declarative relation among entities in an inheritance network [WeZd88] based on abstract interfaces and creating specification hierarchies [Weg87]. Nodes of an inheritance network have no internal structure. The only structure is that determined by edges between neighboring nodes. Abstract inheritance allows global relations among non neighbors to be inferred from local relations among neighbors. The simplest inheritance networks are tree ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

Wegner, P., Dimensions of Object-Based Language Design. In Proceedings of OOPSLA'87 (Orlando, Florida, October 4-8). ACM SIGPLAN Notices, Vol. 22, No. 12 (Dec) 1987, pp.168-182.

....the composition of different components occurs dynamically as the result of evaluating a query. In effect, CxLP s context extension, by providing a mechanism for dynamically specifying (and modifying) a unit s hierarchical links with its ancestors, captures a notion which is known as delegation [32]. Therefore, the compositional semantics of CxLP (and extensions thereof) introduced in [26] is based on a functional notion of denotation which associate to each unit u of the system a functional I u whose domain is a set of functions on Herbrand intepretations. In our case, the denotation of a ....

P. Wegner. Dimensions of Object-Based Language Design. In Proc. of the OOPSLA '87, 1987.

....and so the extended application is incorrect. Because of this we regard introductions to be inappropriate for the given problem. The problem of grouping objects has already been discussed widely in the context of object orientation. Classes are templates from which objects are created (cf. [10]) and in that way group objects. 9] pointed out the importance of classification as a mechanism for conceptual modeling in object oriented programming. The difference to the problem handled here is that the needed classification is not an inherent property of the objects, but depends on an ....

Wegner, P.: Dimensions of object-based language design. In: Meyrowitz, N. (Ed.), Proceedings of OOPSLA '87, SIGPLAN Notices 22 (12), pp. 168-182, 1987

....Introduction Aspect Oriented Programming (AOP) has recently been proposed as a new paradigm for software development. It supplies mechanisms and constructs for expressing concerns separated from each other. The core elements of object oriented approaches are objects, classes and inheritance (cf. [9]) Classes are templates from which objects can be created and define an interface for them. Inheritance (cf. 8] is a mechanism for deriving new class definitions from existing ones. A class inheriting from another might add additional members, or redefine members of the upper class. By ....

Peter Wegner. Dimensions of object-based language design. In: N. Meyrowitz (Ed.), Proceedings of OOPSLA '87, SIGPLAN Notices 22 (12), pp. 168-182, 1987

....LANGUAGES FOR MOBILE PROGRAMMING 28 In Obliq a thread is a virtual sequential instruction process. A thread may stop execution on one site and continue execution on another site. Multiple threads may be executed concurrently. Obliq is object based according to the classification of Wegner [Weg87]. Objects can be constructed directly or cloned by other objects (prototype approach) All methods as well as value fields are embedded in the object itself and thus suitable for networking purposes. 4.1.1 Visual Obliq Visual Obliq is an environment for programming and running distributed ....

P. Wegner. Dimensions of object-based language design. ACM SIGPLAN Notices, 22(12):168--182, 1987.

....need to extend the language Can we not deal with these issues through a library approach Extending a language for every new feature that is desired has proven quite problematic, as e.g. C demonstrates. We will briefly discuss when extensions are required. The basic object oriented model [Wegner 87] suffers from several modeling deficiencies (see e.g. Aksit 92b] Most of these problems are due to the fact that object oriented models are not capable of expressing certain aspects of applications in a reusable way. The question is thus not only whether the language can express an aspect at ....

P. Wegner, Dimensions of Object-Based Language Design, Proceedings OOPSLA '87, ACM SIGPLAN Notices, Vol. 22, No. 12, December 1987, pp. 168-182

....model which are not only usefull for inheritance. Aliasing is syntactic sugar for forwarding of method invocations to other objects. 1 Introduction According to the dimensions of Peter Wegner an objectoriented language has to have the notion of objects, classes, and class based inheritance [1]. This position paper argues that class based inheritance is not essential for an object oriented programming language. Inheritance can be modeled by aggregation and parametrical bindings. Aggregation is the composition of objects by references. Parametrical bindings are variables whichcan be set ....

P. Wegner: "Dimensions of object-based language design"; In: Proc. of the Conf. on Obj.-Oriented Progr. Sys., Lang., and Appl. -- OOPSLA; N. Meyrowitz [Ed.], (Orlando, Fla., Oct. 4-8, 1987); SIGPLAN Notices 22(12); ACM, New York, NY, USA; Dec. 1987 -- pp. 168-182

....mechanism of the ObjVlisp model. Keywords: Inheritance Reification, Inter Object Relationships, Behavioral Meta Objects, Handling Message 1 Introduction Nowadays, the inheritance mechanism is one of the most important concept of oriented object programming and is, according to Wegner[Weg87] intrinsic to the definition of object oriented. The literature exposes an innumerable work on the semantics of the inheritance mechanism[Car84, CW85, CP89] on its use [HO87] on multiple inheritance problems [CG90, DHHM92, DHHM94] on new model of inheritance [BC90, JA92] and on alternative ....

Peter Wegner. Dimensions of object-based language design. In Proceedings OOPSLA '87, pages 168--182, December 1987. Published as ACM SIGPLAN Notices, volume 22, number 12. 12

....model. Keywords: Reflective Language, ObjVlisp Model, Inheritance Reification, Inter Object Dependencies, Behavioral MetaObjects, Handling Message 1 Introduction Nowadays, the inheritance mechanism is one of the most important concepts of object oriented programming and is, according to Wegner[35], intrinsic to the definition of object oriented. The literature has innumerable works on the semantics of the inheritance mechanism[4, 5, 9] on its use [21] on multiple inheritance problems [6, 16, 17] on new models of inheritance [2, 24] and on alternative solutions [27, 34] We consider ....

P. Wegner. Dimensions of object-based language design. In Proceedings OOPSLA'87, pages 168--182, Dec. 1987. 18

....identified problems. Section 6 briefly refers to our related research activities. Finally, section 7 gives conclusions. 2. Background and Related Work 2.1. Object Oriented Language Models A language is defined as being an object oriented language if it supports objects, classes and inheritance [75]. These concepts are explained in the following sections. 2 2.1.1. Objects Objects are autonomous entities that respond to messages. A message is a request for an object to carry out one of the object s operations 1 . Operations of an object are a set of meaningful functions provided by, and ....

P. Wegner, Dimensions of Object-Based Language Design, OOPSLA '87, pp. 168-182, 1987. 31

....the design notations differ syntactically, we propose that there are a number of characterising features common to all object oriented systems. This section lists these features which are then formalised in the rest of the paper. A more detailed analysis of objectoriented features can be found in [Weg87], Mey88] Cla96] Cla94] The features listed below are discussed at length in [Cla99b] Design Feature 1 Objects have state consisting of names and values. Design Feature 2 Messages are passed via named associations. Design Feature 3 Object state transitions involve input and output ....

Wegner, P.: Dimensions of Object Based Language Design. In Meyrowtiz N. (ed.), ACM Symposium on Object-Oriented Programming: Systems, Languages and Applications, ACM, 1987, pp 168 -- 182.

....the relationship between the two by means of an abstraction function. In the next section, we will explain subtyping in terms of abstraction functions from one implementation to several de nitions which expose varying degree of detail. Let us consider object implementation rst. Following Wegner [21], an object consists of an internal state and a xed set of methods, i.e. procedures and functions which access and possibly modify the object s state. In a functional language, state modi cation is expressed by functions which return the modi ed object state as their result. We call these ....

Wegner P., Dimensions of object-based language design. In Proc. ACM Conf. on ObjectOriented Programming: Systems, Languages and Applications, pages 168-182, 1987. 16

....differ syntactically, we propose that there are a number of characterising features 2 which are common to all object oriented systems. This section discusses these features which are then formalised in the rest of the paper. A more detailed analysis of object oriented features can be found in [Weg87], Mey88] Cla96] Cla94] Most object oriented design notations provide models for expressing static and dynamic properties of the required system. The static properties of an object include a description of its state space. At any given time an object is in exactly one state consisting of a ....

Wegner, P.: Dimensions of Object Based Language Design. In Meyrowtiz N. (ed.), ACM Symposium on Object-Oriented Programming: Systems, Languages and Applications, ACM, 1987, pp 168 -- 182. 40

....to provide the basic infrastructure to enable (dynamic) system customization with minimal impact on the application programs. The success of a reflective system relies both on a high level programming language, and on a rich library of concurrent and distributed abstractions. 1em 2 Peter Wegner [59] proposed a layered terminology: object based is used for languages and systems based on the notion of object (and message) class based adds the concept of class, and object oriented adds further the inheritance mechanism. Object oriented languages and systems are by far the most common. 1em 3 ....

P. Wegner, Dimensions of Object-Based Language Design, ACM Conference on Object-Oriented Programming Systems, Languages and Applications (OOPSLA '87), Special Issue of Sigplan Notices, Vol. 22, n o 12, December 1987, pages 168--182.

....variable and achieve point to point protocol. 4 The Main Features of the Monads Model The features of the Monads DP model are summarized here. The summary distinguishes between object based features and object oriented features because, since Wegner published his famous classification 10 [Weg87] the difference between the two is widely accepted. There is a difference between what is called object based and that of object oriented especially when parallel execution and concurrent behaviour is considered. All the proposed 10 According to Wegner there are object based, class based and ....

Peter Wegner. Dimensions of Object--Based Language Design. In Object-Oriented Programming Systems, Languages, and Applications, pages 168--182, Orlando, Florida, October 4--8, 1987.

....architecture paradigm , and that by using it a common unifying model can be defined. In the following paragraphs we will examine how important aspects of object oriented programming can be related to programming paradigms and multiparadigm programming. We will present the elements of the equation [23]: object oriented = objects classes inheritance and in addition present the definition of class variables, instance variables and methods [14] in the context of programming and architecture paradigms. In an object based multiparadigm programming environment every paradigm forms a class, ....

Wegner P (1987) Dimensions of object-based language design. ACM SIGPLAN Notices, 22: 168--182. Special Issue: Object-Oriented Programming Systems, Languages and Applications, OOPSLA '87 Conference Proceedings, October 4--8, Orlando, Florida, USA.

....software reusability and extensibility, two of the main software properties emphasized by object orientation. Support for inheritance is commonly used to determine if a language is truly object oriented; a language is object based if it provides objects but no direct support for inheritance [16]. An OO language provides an implementation of the OO paradigm. An OO language has an object model which defines the semantics of objects and how they interact. In a strongly typed OO language every variable (entity in Eiffel terminology) is declared to be of a certain type and the language ....

P. Wegner. Dimensions of Object--Based Language Design. In OOPSLA 1987 Conference Proceedings, pages 168--182. ACM Sigplan Notices, 1987.

....Abstraction boundaries are great for people to help organize their programs, but serve little purpose for the implementation. 2.2 Object Oriented Programming 2.2. 1 Benefits to Programmers Object oriented programming languages improve abstract data types by provide objects or classes instead [Weg87]. Object oriented languages typically include two features not found in languages with only abstract data types: message passing and inheritance. 2.2.1.1 Message Passing With abstract data types, clients are insulated from implementation details of abstract data types, allowing the implementor ....

Peter Wegner. Dimensions of Object-Based Language Design. In OOPSLA '87 Conference Proceedings, pp. 227-241, Orlando, FL, October, 1987. Published as SIGPLAN Notices 22(12), December, 1987.

....use of 3 subnets in synthesizing Petri net models) In this way, arbitrarily complex systems can be gradually constructed from smaller units. Since individual components are instantiated from component classes, they also provide basic reusability. ffl Component classes are fully object oriented [9]: They may be derived from other classes and form the basis for subclasses. Between components, there exists full polymorphic substitutability: any component may be substituted for any component of any of its superclasses. Among other things, this facilitates incremental refinement of initially ....

P. Wegner. Dimension of object-based language design. In Proceedings of OOPSLA 87, pages 168--82. ACM, 1987. 13

....multimedia flows in a conventional operating system, discusses some of the lessons we have learned, and proposes future work. 2 Design Considerations 2. 1 Continuous Media in Discrete Objects Object based systems are being used for many tasks because of the benefits of improved encapsulation [Weg87] However, objects are inherently discrete, conceptually containing the representation of the state of a system at a fixed point in space and time. Continuous media, such as voice and video, flow across time, with no convenient boundaries for object representation. Objects can be used to ....

P. Wegner. Dimensions of object-based language design. In OOPSLA Proceedings, October 1987. 26

....definitions that can be readily adapted to different parallel execution environments. The approach supports inheritance of both method and synchronization specifications. It will be shown that compositional programming avoids the so called inheritance anomaly. 1 Introduction Object orientation [25] and concurrency are perhaps the two most significant current topics in programming language research. Many programming languages that integrate concurrency and object orientation have been proposed. Some of these are reviewed in section 4. It does not appear, however, that there has been a fully ....

Peter Wegner. Dimensions of Object--Based Language Design. In OOPSLA'87, page 168. ACM Press, 1987.

....difficult to write. We want infrastructure to handle the complexity, while allowing programmers the flexibility to create the applications they need. 2. 1 Continuous Media in Discrete Objects Object based systems are being used for many tasks because of the benefits of improved encapsulation [10]. However, objects are inherently discrete, conceptually containing the representation of the state of a system at a fixed point in space and time. Continuous media, such as voice and video, flow across time, with no convenient boundaries for object representation. Objects can be used to represent ....

P. Wegner. Dimensions of object-based language design. In OOPSLA Proceedings, October 1987.

....[29] encouraging much subsequent research into object oriented languages. C [57] is now widely viewed as a practical alternative to C. The area has been extensively investigated, with many languages being developed, each taking a somewhat different approach to object orientation. Wegner [60] has developed a taxonomy of these various approaches. Recently, as the object oriented model has become better understood, many programming languages researchers have applied it to the problems of distributed computing. These projects fall into two main categories, object servers and persistent ....

Peter Wegner. Dimensions of Object-Based Language Design. In Norman Meyrowitz (editor), Object-Oriented Programming Systems, Languages and Applications Conference Proceedings, pages 168-182. ACM Press, Orlando FL, October, 1987. Special issue of SIGPLAN Notices, 22(12), December 1987.

....for distributed systems. An amalgamation with these layers may be appropriate for distributed systems, but not for massively parallel systems. Despite of the vagueness of the term object oriented operating system the following categorization is made with respect to Wegner s definition [18] and based on pertinent literature. The designers of Amoeba [17] call their system object based. This classification holds with system servers being active objects. Each server acts as an abstract data type, encapsulating state information and providing a set of operations available through ....

P. Wegner, "Dimensions of Object-Based Language Design," Special Issue of Sigplan Notices, Vol. 22, No. 12, pp. 88--97, 1987.

....processing. H.4.m [Information Systems Applications] Miscellaneous On line portfolio management. General Terms: Object based, Real time Additional Key Words and Phrases: Coordination language, Daemons, Financial applications, Sharing 1 1. Introduction The classical object model [Wegner 87] supports private data within objects and clean interfaces between objects. The standard mode of communication between objects is message passing, where a client object sends a message to a server object to request some services defined in the server s interface; the client is not aware of the ....

Peter Wegner. Dimensions of Object-Based Language Design. In Norman Meyrowitz (editor), Object-Oriented Programming Systems, Languages and Applications Conference Proceedings, pages 168-182. ACM Press, Orlando FL, October, 1987. Special issue of SIGPLAN Notices, 22(12), December 1987.

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Peter Wegner, "Dimensions of object-based language design", Conference proceedings on Object-oriented programming systems, languages and applications. pp 168---182. ACM Press. Orlando, 1987.

No context found.

P. Wegner. Dimensions of object based language design. In Proc. OOPSLA '87, pages 168--182, 1987.

No context found.

Peter Wegner. Dimensions of object-based language design. In Proceedings on ObjectOriented Programming Systems, Languages and Applications, pages 168--182. ACM Press, 1987.

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P. Wegner. Dimensions of object-based language design. Technical Report CS-87-14, Brown University, July 1987.

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P. Wegner. Dimensions of object-based language design. In Proceedings 2nd ACM Conference on Object-Oriented Programming: Systems, Languages and Applications (OOPSLA'87), pages 168--182, 1987.

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Peter Wegner. Dimensions of object-based language design. Proceedings OOPSLA'87. SIGPLAN Notices, 22(12):168-182, December 1987. 27

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Peter Wegner. Dimensions of Object-Based Language Design. In Proceedings of the Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, Systems, Languages, and Applications (OOPSLA), pages 168-182, Orlando, October 1987. Published as ACM SIGPLAN Notices 22(12), December 1987.

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Wegner P. Dimensions of object-based language design. Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Object-Oriented Programming Systems, Languages and Applications (OOPSLA '87). ACM SIGPLAN Notices 1987; 22(12):168--182.

No context found.

Peter Wegner. Dimensions of Object--Based Language Design. In OOPSLA '87, page 168. ACM Press, 1987.

No context found.

P. Wegner. Dimensions of object-based language design. Technical Report CS-87-14, Brown University, July 1987.

No context found.

Wegner, P. Dimensions of Object-Based Language Design, Proceedings OOPSLA '87, ACM SIGPLAN Notices, 22 (12) December 1987, pp. 168--182.

No context found.

P. Wegner, "Dimensions of Object-Based Language Design", ACM SIGPLAN Notices, Proceedings OOPSLA '87, vol. 22, no. 12, pp. 168-182, Dec 1987.

No context found.

P. Wegner, "Dimensions of Object-Based Language Design," ACM Conference on Object-Oriented Programming Systems, Languages and Applications (OOPSLA '87), Special Issue of Sigplan Notices, Vol. 22, n o 12, December 1987, pages 168-- 182.

No context found.

Wegner, P.: 'Dimensions of Object-Based Language Design'. Proceedings of OOPSLA'87, ACM press, Orlando, Florida, October 1987.

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P.Wegner. #Dimensions of object-based language design," OOPSLA'87 Conference Proceedings, ACM Sigplan Notices, pp. 168#182, December 1987.

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