P. Schuster. Molecular insight into the evolution of phenotypes. In J. P. Crutchfield and P. Schuster, editors, Evolutionary Dynamics -- Exploring the Interplay of Accident, Selection, Neutrality, and Function. Oxford University Press, New York, 2003.  Home/Search   Document Details and Download   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....in natural evolution is highly redundant (i.e. the mapping is not injective) and that neutral variations frequently occur. A variation is called neutral if it alters the genotype but not the phenotype of an individual. The potential positive e#ects of neutrality have extensively been discussed [6, 12, 14, 24] and there is growing interest in investigating how these results from biology carry over to evolutionary algorithms (EAs) 5, 7, 13, 17, 27, 28, 32] However, this dissents with the opinion that redundant encodings are inappropriate for real world problems a bijective genotype phenotype mapping ....

....two points g 1 , g 2 belong to one neutral set but represent two di#erent exploration strategies on the search space P. C. Discussion It is widely accepted that changing the genotypes without significantly changing the phenotypes in the population is a key search strategy in natural evolution [12, 14, 24]. We emphasize that under the stated assumptions, neutrality is even a necessity for self adaptation of the search strategy. Thus, we propose to define selfadaptation as the use of neutrality in order to vary the exploration strategy. Existing approaches to self adaptation developed in the realm ....

P. Schuster. Molecular insights into evolution of phenotypes. In J. P. Crutchfield and P. Schuster, editors, Evolutionary Dynamics---Exploring the Interplay of Accident, Selection, Neutrality and Function, Santa Fe Institute Series in the Science of Complexity. Oxford University Press. To appear.

....is highly redundant (i.e. the mapping is not injective) and that neutral variations frequently occur. A variation is called neutral if it alters the genotype but not the phenotype of an individual. The potential positive e#ects of neutrality have extensively been discussed, cf. 6] 12] 14] [24]. Hence, there is a growing interest in investigating how these results from biology carry over to evolutionary algorithms (EAs) e.g. see [5] 7] 13] 17] 27] 28] 32] However, when investigating neutrality in EAs, one has to argue with critics over the possible benefits of a redundant ....

....1 , 2 belong to one neutral set but represent two di#erent exploration strategies on the search space P . C. Discussion It is widely accepted that changing the genotypes without significantly changing the phenotypes in the population is a key search strategy in natural evolution [12] 14] [24]. We emphasize that under the stated assumptions, neutrality is a necessity for self adaptation of the search strategy. Thus, we propose to define self adaptation as the use of neutrality in order to vary the exploration strategy. Existing approaches to self adaptation developed in the realm of ....

P. Schuster. Molecular insights into evolution of phenotypes. In J. P. Crutchfield and P. Schuster, editors, Evolutionary Dynamics---Exploring the Interplay of Accident, Selection, Neutrality and Function, Santa Fe Institute Series in the Science of Complexity. Oxford University Press. To appear.

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Schuster, P. Molecular insight into the evolution of phenotypes. In Evolutionary Dynamics---Exploring the Interplay of Accident, Selection, Neutrality, and Function; Crutchfield, J.P., Schuster, P., Eds.; Oxford University Press, New York, 2002, pp 163--218.

.... physically acceptable secondary structures formed by the sequences of constant chain length n were shown to fulfill the asymptotic expression [32, 53] S n 1:4848 Theta n Gamma3=2 (1:84892) Deviation from the exact results of the recursion are smaller than 1 for chain lengths n 1000 [51]. The number of acceptable secondary structures, although exponentially increasing, is always much smaller than the numbers of natural (AUGC) or even of binary (GC or AU) RNA sequences, which are given by 4 or , respectively. The mapping from RNA sequences into (secondary) structures, which ....

....unpaired nucleotides long and when it does not contain single base pairs. Stabilizing contributions result from base pair stacking and require at least two neighboring base pairs. Structures with single base pairs may occur when global geometries or special interactions are favorable (See also [51, 55]) pre image of structure s k in sequence space is the set of all sequences forming structure s k , G[s k ] f (s k ) fx j jf(x j ) s k g : 2) The neutral network G[s k ] is a graph on this set with edges connecting all pairs of sequences with Hamming distance one (figure1) For ....

P. Schuster. Molecular insights into evolution of phenotypes. In J. P. Crutchfield and P. Schuster, editors, Evolutionary Dynamics -- Exploring the Interplay of Accident, Selection, Neutrality, and Function. Oxford University Press, New York, 2000.

.... shapes transitions from the evolution of molecules towards higher functional units is essentially comprised by the role of catalysis in autocatalytic kinetic networks [15] Extensive theoretical and computational studies of RNA evolution in vitro by the Vienna group (for a recent review see [45]) have revealed the far reaching consequences of the principles of RNA structure formation for evolutionary phenomena. Neutrality making genotypes indistinguishable for selection has long been postulated in population genetics [37,38] and inferred from empirical molecular sequence data [39] More ....

P. Schuster. Molecular insight into the evolution of phenotypes. In J. P. Crutchfield and P. Schuster, editors, Evolutionary Dynamics -- Exploring the Interplay of Accident, Selection, Neutrality, and Function. Oxford University Press, New York, 2002. In press.

.... acceptable secondary structures 1 formed by the sequences of constant chain length n were shown to fulfill the asymptotic expression [32, 53] S n 1:4848 Theta n Gamma3=2 (1:84892) n : Deviation from the exact results of the recursion are smaller than 1 for chain lengths n 1000 [51]. The number of acceptable secondary structures, although exponentially increasing, is always much smaller than the numbers of natural (AUGC) or even of binary (GC or AU) RNA sequences, which are given by 4 n or 2 n , respectively. The mapping from RNA sequences into (secondary) structures, ....

....unpaired nucleotides long and when it does not contain single base pairs. Stabilizing contributions result from base pair stacking and require at least two neighboring base pairs. Structures with single base pairs may occur when global geometries or special interactions are favorable (See also [51, 55]) Reidys, Forst, Schuster: Replication on Neutral Networks 6 pre image of structure s k in sequence space is the set of all sequences forming structure s k , G[s k ] f Gamma1 (s k ) fx j jf(x j ) s k g : 2) The neutral network G[s k ] is a graph on this set with edges connecting ....

P. Schuster. Molecular insights into evolution of phenotypes. In J. P. Crutchfield and P. Schuster, editors, Evolutionary Dynamics -- Exploring the Interplay of Accident, Selection, Neutrality, and Function. Oxford University Press, New York, 2000.

No context found.

P. Schuster. Molecular insight into the evolution of phenotypes. In J. P. Crutchfield and P. Schuster, editors, Evolutionary Dynamics -- Exploring the Interplay of Accident, Selection, Neutrality, and Function. Oxford University Press, New York, 2003.

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