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Robust Congestion Control for Multicast: - Challenges And Opportunities (2003) (Correct)
....receiver heterogeneity, some multicast congestion control protocols group receivers according to receiving capabilities. FLID DL [5] is such a multigroup protocol for IP multicast. To regulate congestion, every FLID DL receiver joins and leaves the groups of its session by sending IGMP reports [8] to its local edge router. To attack FLID DL, a misbehaving receiver can 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 Throughput (Kbps) Time (seconds) M1 N1 C D Figure 5: Suppressed feedback in TFMCC. join the groups with the cumulative transmission rate exceeding the fair rate for the receiver. In ....
W. Fenner. Internet Group Management Protocol, Version 2. RFC 2236, November 1997.
Unknown - (Correct)
....limit responsiveness to congestion and can create unfairness to sessions which react relatively more quickly to congestion. In practice, IGMP leave latencies can in fact be very substantial, often on the order of several seconds. A. IGMP leave latency With the IGMP group membership protocol [6] [7], when a host wants to stop receiving content from a multicast group it sends a leave message to the last hop router. In general, the last hop router does not track the number of hosts beyond the interface participating in a given multicast group, thus it must poll the hosts to determine whether ....
W. Fenner. Internet Group Management Protocol, Version 2. IETF RFC 2236, January 1997. Available at ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc2236.txt.
Unknown - (Correct)
....University Berlin. All Rights reserved. The software environment provides a generic interface to the multicast protocol. The interface can be adapted to support certain classes of multicast approaches. At this stage, the implementation of the MOMBASA software environment employs IGMPv2 PIM SM [12, 13]; IGMPv3 and SSM [3, 4] will be examined at the coming stage. However, the specification is independent of the particular multicast routing and access protocols as much as possible. The MOMBASA software environment works consequently with soft states. Policies grant a high degree of freedom ....
....(LHP) Defined protocol between Mobile Host and MEP. Inter MEP Protocol (IMP) Defined protocol between MEPs. MEP GWP protocol. Defined protocol between MEP and GWP. IGMP. Internet Group Management Protocol(IGMP) Standard management protocol for IP multicast. Actual versions are IGMPv2 [13] and IGMPv3 [4] IGMPv3 adds support for single source multicast. IGMPv1 [5] is considered for backward compatibility only. The implementation of IGMPv3 is based on [14, 15] PIM SSM. Protocol Independent Multicast Single Source Mode (PIM SSM) Standard multicast routing protocol based on ....
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W. Fenner. Internet Group Management Protocol, Version 2. RFC 2236, November 1997. http: //www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2236.txt.
Unknown - (Correct)
....facilitates remote testing and supersedes the upper tester as depicted in Figure 1.2. Several tests include multicast operations. Hence, these tests depend on the type of multicast management protocol. Although the test cases are generally described, the implemented test suites utilize IGMPv2 [2]. One of the challenges of testing implementations for mobility support arise from the behavior of mobile systems: When a mobile is not registered with an access points, it is not able to communicate. This pertains also the communication between the mobile agent and the tester, which is used only ....
W. Fenner. Internet Group Management Protocol, Version 2. RFC 2236, November 1997.
Span: An Energy-Efficient Coordination Algorithm.. - Chen, Jamieson.. (2002) (138 citations) (Correct)
....become coordinators, and the rest will notice that there are already enough coordinators and go back to sleep. To handle this, we use a randomized slotting and damping method reminiscent of techniques to avoid multiple retransmissions of lost packets by multicast protocols, such as XTP [5] IGMP [8] and SRM [9] the delay for each node is randomly chosen over an interval proportional to Nix T, where T is the round trip delay for a small packet over the wireless link. Thus, when all nodes have roughly equal energy, the above discussion suggests a backoff delay of the form: The randomization ....
FENNER, W. Internet Group Management Protocol, Version 2, Nov 1997. RFC-2236.
Effective Multimedia and Multi-party.. - Ruiz.. (2003) (Correct)
....as relay points to provide multihop paths between the distant nodes and the fixed network architecture. The provision of efficient IP multicast communications in such extensions is not straightforward. The usual intra domain IP multicast protocol suite for fixed network consists of the IGMPv2 [1] protocol for multicast group membership in combination with PIM SM[2] which is in charge of the IP multicast rout ing. These protocols are not able to deal with the quick and unpredictable link changes which characterise ad hoc networks, because they would consume too much overhead. Other ....
Fenner, W.: Internet Group Management Protocol, Version 2. RFC 2236, November, 1997.
Robust Congestion Control for Multicast: Challenges and.. - Gorinsky, Jain, Vin (Correct)
....receiver heterogeneity, some multicast congestion control protocols group receivers according to receiving capabilities. FLID DL [5] is such a multigroup protocol for IP multicast. To regulate congestion, every FLID DL receiver joins and leaves the groups of its session by sending IGMP reports [8] to its local edge router. To attack FLID DL, a misbehaving receiver can 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 (Kbps) Time (seconds) M1 N1 C D Figure 5: Suppressed feedback in TFMCC. join the groups with the cumulative transmission rate exceeding the fair rate for the receiver. In our experiment ....
W. Fenner. Internet Group Management Protocol, Version 2. RFC 2236, November 1997.
Issues on the IP Multicast Service Behaviour over the.. - Filali, Dabbous (2001) (Correct)
....are no group members for that group and prunes itself from the delivery tree of the group. To guarantee that a host will receive multicast traOEc if it is the rst to join a group, rather than wait for a query, it immediately transmits a report for that group when it joins a new group. IGMP V2 [10] and IGMP V3 [4] enhance and add additional features to Version 1. They specically dene a procedure for the selection of a multicast querier and add the support of Group Source report message so that a host can elect to receive traOEc format specic source. In the next section, we present and ....
W. Fenner, Internet Group Management Protocol, Version 2 , IETF, RFC 1112, November 1997.
Universal IP Multicast Delivery - Zhang, Jamin, Zhang (2002) (Correct)
....message. If all servers are down, a normal host will be elected to be the DM by the basic election algorithm. Thus the deployment of servers is totally transparent to hosts and applications, except in performance improvement. As specified, IGMP messages are not propagated beyond a single LAN [7]. One could imagine configuring a server to serve the whole island instead of just its own LAN. However, since IGMP messages are not propagated beyond a single LAN segment, this configuration would require further extensions to HGMP such that servers can determine the continuing interest of ....
W. Fenner. Internet group management protocol, version 2. RFC 2236, IETF, Nov. 1997.
Design, Performance Analysis, and Implementation of a.. - Lee, Lee (2002) (2 citations) (Correct)
....systems comprising millions of users, the channel switching overhead can present a significant burden to the network. Let us consider IP multicast as an example. A client wishing to switch from one multicast channel to another will need to send an Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) [38] message to the edge router to stop it from forwarding data in the current multicast group. Another IGMP message will then be sent to request the edge router to start forwarding data from the new multicast group. Unlike processing data packets, these control messages and group management ....
W. Fenner, Internet Group Management Protocol, Version 2, IETF RFC 2236, 1997.
Universal IP Multicast Delivery - Zhang, Jamin, Zhang (2002) (Correct)
....message. If all servers are down, a normal host will be elected to be the DM by the basic election algorithm. Thus the deployment of servers is totally transparent to hosts and applications, except in performance improvement. As speci ed, IGMP messages are not propagated beyond a single LAN [7]. One could imagine con guring a server to serve the whole island instead of just its own LAN. However, since IGMP A3 A4 A5 A2 B2 B1 F1 F3 F4 F2 C2 C1 D2 D1 E2 E1 Figure 3: Single DM model 3.2 Multiple Designated Members The single DM model works ne for small IP multicast ....
W. Fenner. Internet group management protocol, version 2. RFC 2236, IETF, Nov. 1997.
On-Demand Media Streaming on the Internet: Trends and Issues - Mahanti (Correct)
....A.1 Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) In a multicast enabled subnet, a router is designated the responsibility of keeping track of multicast group memberships, and forwarding packets received for these groups. This functionality is provided by the Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) [28] operating between hosts on the subnet and their designated router. Periodically, the designated router issues membership query requests to the all host group address, 224:0:0:1. Hosts respond with a membership report for each of their multicast groups. The router is only interested in knowing ....
W. Fenner. Internet Group Management Protocol, Version 2. RFC 2236, November 1997.
Lightweight Protection Against Inflated Subscription in .. - Gorinsky, Jain, Vin.. (2002) (Correct)
....we address the problem of designing such robust protocols for multicast congestion control. Multicast [6] is a network service for efficient dissemination of data to a group of receivers. A receiver subscribes to a multicast group by submitting the group address to the local edge router via IGMP [7], and the network organizes its routers in a logical tree that distributes packets from the sender to the subscribed receivers. A single multicast group however is often ineffective in accommodating the diverse capabilities of receivers. To satisfy heterogeneous receiving capabilities, multicast ....
W. Fenner. Internet Group Management Protocol, Version 2. RFC 2236, November 1997.
Hop-by-hop Multicast Routing Protocol - Costa, Fdida, Duarte (2001) (20 citations) (Correct)
....topology used in our simulations is shown in Figure 6. This topology is typical of a large ISP s network [12] Without loss of generality, we suppose that only one receiver is connected to each node in the topology. The presence of one or many receivers attached to a border router through IGMP [13] does not in uence the cost of the tree, so we do not consider the aggregation provided by the multicast service at the local network level. Nodes 0 to 17 in Figure 6 are routers whereas nodes 18 to 35 are potential receivers of the multicast channel. We have also simulated a random generated ....
W. Fenner, Internet Group Management Protocol, Version 2. RFC 2236, Nov. 1997. A Message Processing Rules of HBH
Hordes: A Multicast Based Protocol for Anonymity - Levine, Shields (2002) (1 citation) (Correct)
....In the IP architecture there are 2 , or about 268 million, multicast addresses in the class D address space, ranging from 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255. Hosts wishing to receive messages multicast to a particular address subscribe to the group using the Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) [18] to contact their directly attached routers, which then join the spanning tree. The spanning tree of routers that connects a source to subscribed receivers is constructed by a multicast routing protocol; the most common protocols in use are the Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol (DVMRP) ....
....Path First (MOSPF) 25] cause a problem for Hordes. These two protocols provide opportunities for attacks to reduce the degree of anonymity provided by Hordes from 1 1=n to 1 m=n. Such attacks require the cooperation of routers. For all protocols, the Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) [18] is used to manage the connection between hosts (whether sources or receivers) and edge routers. IGMP is a simple protocol that sources and receivers use to subscribe to a multicast group, or even send data without subscribing to the multicast group (i.e. non member senders) IGMP does not ....
W. Fenner. Internet group management protocol, version 2. Internet-Draft, February 1996.
Multicast Congestion Control with Distrusted Receivers - Gorinsky, Jain, Vin (2002) (1 citation) (Correct)
.... such as pgmcc [14] suppress feedback at routers: a router discards reports that do not re ne the feedback forwarded by this router earlier. To address receiver heterogeneity, multicast protocols compose a session from several multicast groups. By joining and leaving the groups through IGMP [6], each receiver controls its level of participation in the session. In such multi group protocols, group subscription becomes a congestion control mechanism. In fact, RLM [10] RLC [18] FLID DL [1] and WEBRC [9] provide no feedback to the sender and control congestion through regulation of group ....
W. Fenner. Internet Group Management Protocol, Version 2. RFC 2236, November 1997.
Offering a Multicast Delivery Service in a Programmable.. - Alchaal, Roca, Habert (2002) (1 citation) (Correct)
....Detailed Description Adding a New Receiving Site to a VPN We first assume that each site is composed of a single LAN. In order to discover new local group members, the IVGMP protocol running on the edge device relies on IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) and its Query Report mechanism [3]. This mechanism is used both (1) to discover members of new groups for which a new branch must be created in a VPN and (2) to dismantle VPN branches for groups having no member any more in the site. This is done by listening to IGMP tra#c on the site s LAN (See figure 2) In order to know if a ....
B. Fenner. Internet Group Management Protocol, Version 2, Nov. 1997. IETF Request for Comments, RFC 2236.
Enabling the Progressive Multicast Service Deployment - Costa, Fdida (Correct)
....are needed to reach all receivers. The topology used in our simulations is typical of a large ISP s network [1] Without loss of generality, we suppose that only one receiver is connected to each node in the topology. The presence of one or many receivers attached to a border router through IGMP [9] does not influence the cost of the tree, so we do not consider the aggregation provided by the multicast service at the local network level. We associate two costs, c(n 1 ; n 2 ) and c(n 2 ; n 1 ) to link n 1 n 2 . Each cost is an integer randomly chosen in the interval [1; 10] Simulations ....
W. Fenner. Internet Group Management Protocol, Version 2. RFC 2236, Nov. 1997.
Routage dans l'Internet: Qualité de Service et.. - Costa (Correct)
....identity. A feedback cancellation scheme (a receiver does not answers immediately but after some random time, listening to other announcements in the meantime) avoids an implosion of the router. Several versions of IGMP exist: IGMP version 1: described in [73] IGMP version 2: described in [74]. The major di erence compared to IGMPv1 is the addition of the fast leave mechanism. IGMP version 3: described in [75] This version essentially adds the possibility to do per source ltering. IGMP is a protocol which is restricted to the local dialog between receivers and their rst hop ....
....topology used in our simulations is shown in Figure 5.11. This topology is typical of a large ISP s network [48] Without loss of generality, we suppose that only one receiver is connected to each node in the topology. The presence of one or many receivers attached to a border router through IGMP [74] does not in uence the cost of the tree, so we do not consider the aggregation provided by the multicast service at the local network level. Nodes 0 to 17 in Figure 5.11 are routers whereas nodes 18 to 35 are potential receivers of the multicast channel. We have also simulated a random generated ....
W. Fenner, Internet Group Management Protocol, Version 2. RFC 2236, Nov. 1997.
Loss Differentiated Multicast Congestion Control - Gan, Tham (Correct)
....other layers are marked with high drop precedence. The receivers provide feedbacks of their bottleneck bandwidth estimates to the network that in uence the layers priority marking. However, the LDMCC architecture does not require all routers to process feedbacks and no modi cation to the IGMP [13] protocol is needed to support layer priority indication. The LDMCC architecture has two components, namely the Random Early Detection (RED) Assisted Layered Multicast (RALM) and the Layer Marking Discovery Protocol (LMDP) The RALM protocol provides the congestion control algorithm that guide ....
W. Fenner, \Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP), Version 2", RFC 2236, IETF, Nov. 1997
IP Multicast Simulation in OPNET - Wang, Yu, Schulzrinne, Stirpe (1999) (1 citation) (Correct)
....management, unicast routing protocols, and multicast routing protocols are all required to enable end to end multicast communications. Group membership management is needed between receiver hosts and multicast enabled first hop routers on the LAN. Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) [2] is the primary group management protocol used in the Internet community. IGMP is used between hosts and their immediate multicast enabled routers to query, report, and refresh the multicast group information on LAN. There are several types of unicast routing protocols currently in use, including ....
Fenner, W. Internet Group Management Protocol, Version 2, RFC2236, November 1997.
Service Introduction in an Active Network - Wetherall (1999) (16 citations) (Correct)
....that is not present in the toolkit. By Internet convention, routers participate in route construction while hosts only forward packets. Therefore, to handle group membership, routers act as agents for their local hosts and communicate with them using the Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) Fenner, 1997 ] In ants, each host manages its own group membership operations directly. In PIM parlance it is its own Designated Router. The strategy for reducing the overhead of JoinPrune messages also differs. In PIM, periodic timers are used to exchange aggregated group membership information between ....
W. Fenner. Internet Group Management Protocol, Version 2. Request For Comments 2236, November 1997.
Interfaces and Algorithms for a Wide-Area Event.. - Carzaniga, Rosenblum.. (1999) (8 citations) (Correct)
....group address) is a virtual IP address that corresponds to a group of hosts possibly residing on different subnets. IP datagrams that are addressed to a host group are routed to every host belonging to the group. Hosts can join or leave a group at any time using a special group membership protocol [16]. We consider the IP multicast infrastructure and its routing algorithms to be the most important technology related to SIENA. As a first observation, we note that IP multicast can be used as an underlying transport mechanism for notifications. But the most important aspect is that an event ....
W. Fenner. Internet group management protocol, version 2. Internet Requests For Comments (RFC) 2236, Nov. 1997.
Group Coordination Support in Networked Multimedia Systems - Dommel (1999) (Correct)
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W. Fenner. Internet Group Management Protocol, Version 2. RFC 2236, Nov. 1997.
Efficient Data Transmission and Distribution of Resources in.. - Flor (2003) (Correct)
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William C. Fenner. Internet group management protocol, version 2. IETF Request for Comments (RFC 2236), November 1997.
Mobile IP Working Group - Internet Draft July (Correct)
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W. Fenner. Internet Group Management Protocol, Version 2. rfc 2236, Internet Engineering Task Force, November 1997.
Proactive seamless mobility management for future IP radio - Access Networks Pagtzis (Correct)
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W. Fenner, Internet Group Management Protocol. Version 2, RFC 2236, Internet Engineering Task Force (November 1997).
A Model for Proactive Seamless Mobility for IPv6 Networks - Theo Pagtzis Department (Correct)
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W. Fenner. Internet Group Management Protocol, Version 2. rfc 2236, Internet Engineering Task Force, November 1997.
Proactive Mobility for future IP Wireless Access Networks - Theodoros Pagtzis And (Correct)
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W. Fenner. Internet Group Management Protocol, Version 2. RFC 2236, Internet Engineering Task Force, November 1997.
Design, Analysis And Validation Of Router-Assisted Reliable.. - MAIMOUR (2003) (Correct)
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W. Fenner. Internet group management protocol, version 2. RFC 2236, IETF, November 1997. absoleted by RFC3376.
SAKM: A Scalable and Adaptive Key Management Approach .. - Challal, Bettahar.. (2004) (Correct)
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W. Fenner. Internet Group Management Protocol, version 2, November 1997. RFC 2236.
A New Application Layer Multicast Protocol with Congestion.. - Diallo (Correct)
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W. Fenner. Internet Group Management Protocol, Version 2, November 1997. Internet Engineering Task Force, RFC 2236, STD 1.
Large-Scale Pay-As-You-Watch for Unicast and.. -.. (Correct)
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W. Fenner. Internet Group Management Protocol, Version 2. RFC 2236, November 1997.
Issues in Overlaying RSVP and IP Multicast on ATM Networks - Schmitt, Antich (1998) (1 citation) (Correct)
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W. Fenner. Internet Group Management Protocol, Version 2, November 1997. RFC 2236.
Authenticated Multicast Immune to Denial-of-Service Attack - Xu, Sandhu (2002) (1 citation) (Correct)
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W. Fenner. Internet group management protocol, version 2. In Request for Comment (RFC) 2236. IETF, 1997.
Management of End-to-end Quality of Service - Across The Internet (Correct)
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W. Fenner, Internet Group management Protocol, version 2, RFC 2236, Nov. 1997 Copyright MESCAL Consortium, May 2003
Sender-Initiated Multicast for small group communications - Visoottiviseth (2003) (Correct)
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W. Fenner. Internet Group Management Protocol, version 2. RFC 2236, Internet Engineering Task Force, November 1997.
IP Multicast Group Management for Point-to-Point - Local Distribution George (Correct)
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W. Fenner, Internet group management protocol, version 2, Internet Draft -- Work in Progress (1997).
Multicast Congestion Control with Distrusted Receivers - Gorinsky, Jain, Vin (2002) (1 citation) (Correct)
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W. Fenner. Internet Group Management Protocol, Version 2. RFC 2236, November 1997.
Unknown - (Correct)
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W. Fenner. Internet Group Management Protocol, version 2 (IGMPv2), Work in progress, 1996.
An Investigation into Multicasting - Nikolay Manolov Adel (Correct)
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W. Fenner, Xerox PARC, Internet Group Management Protocol, Version 2, RFC 2236 (www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2236.txt?number=2236), November 1997. 528
Efficient Policy-Based Routing In The Internet - Smith (2003) (Correct)
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William Fenner. Internet Group Management Protocol, Version 2. RFC 2236, November 1997.
Practical Active Packets - Moore (2002) (1 citation) (Correct)
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William C. Fenner. Internet Group Management Protocol, Version 2. RFC 2236, IETF, November 1997.
M3G: A Mobile Multicast Multimedia Gateway for Seamless .. - Aoul, Negru, Nafaa.. (Correct)
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Fenner, W.: Internet Group Management Protocol, Version 2 (IGMPv2). RFC2236 (1997)
The Utility of Feedback in Layered Multicast Congestion Control - Gorinsky, Vin (2001) (5 citations) (Correct)
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W. Fenner. Internet Group Management Protocol, Version 2. RFC 2236, November 1997.
Systematic Performance Evaluation of Multipoint Protocols - Helmy, Gupta, Estrin.. (2000) (Correct)
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W. Fenner. Internet Group Management Protocol, Version 2. Internet-Draft, November 1997.
Systematic Performance - Evaluation Of Multipoint (Correct)
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W. Fenner. Internet Group Management Protocol, Version 2. Internet-Draft, November 1997.
Feedback Scalability for Multicast Videoconferencing - Hugh Smith Matt (Correct)
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Fenner, W., Internet Group Management Protocol, version 2, Internet Engineering Task Force, Internet Draft RFC2236, 1996.
Organizing Multicast Receivers Deterministically by.. - Levine, Paul.. (1998) (66 citations) (Correct)
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W. Fenner. Internet group management protocol, version 2. Internet-Draft, February 1996.
Anycast Group Algorithms for Mobile Multicast Communications - Jia, Zhou, Livani, Kaiser (1999) (Correct)
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W. Fenner, Internet Group Management Protocol, Version 2, Network Working Group, RFC2236, Nov. 1997
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