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Bonar, J. G. (1985). Understanding the bugs of novice programmers. Ph.D. Thesis, Computer and Information Science, University of Massachusetts.

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Goals and Plans in Spreadsheet Calculation - Sajaniemi, Tukiainen, Väisänen (1999)   (Correct)

....to produce with a spreadsheet system than in Pascal. Plan criticism has pondered the possible existence of natural plans: plans which would be presumably observed in non programmers, and which will be mapped onto code structures, e.g. the natural plan for an average is a sum divided by a count (Bonar, 1985) (Davies, 1990) A clear distinction between goals and plans makes this problem easier to understand. A goal, say taking the average of a set of numbers, can be known by nonprogrammers but any plan to achieve this goal in a programming system is based on the feature repertoire offered by the tool ....

....tools is not a reason to underestimate the results concerning lower levels plans that can be utilized in a single tool only. The goals and plans discussed in this paper are those of expert users. Novices plan generalization hierarchies are surely different, and their knowledge is fragmented. Bonar (1985) has discussed novice Pascal users knowledge and he introduced the term step bystep natural language procedure knowledge to describe the kind of every day procedural knowledge (e.g. instructions for going to a certain place) that novices use when their Pascal plan knowledge is not sufficient to ....

Bonar, J. G. (1985). Understanding the bugs of novice programmers. Ph.D. Thesis, Computer and Information Science, University of Massachusetts.


Uncovering Effects of Programming Paradigms: Errors in Two.. - Tukiainen (2000)   (Correct)

....due to the expected content or workings of the user s mental model of spreadsheet based computation. This class contains also errors in mathematical concepts underlying the spreadsheet formulae. It has been noted that novice users mental models in programming tend to be incomplete and erroneous (Bonar 1985). Doctrine class errors can arise in both spreadsheet calculation paradigms discussed in this paper. 85,3 80,3 60,5 75,0 77,6 65,6 76,9 84,5 95,8 76,8 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Task 1A Task 1B Task 2 Task 3 Task 4 Excel Basset Tukiainen vi PPIG 2000, Cozenza Italy www.ppig.org Error ....

Bonar, J. G. (1985). Understanding the Bugs of Novice Programmers. Ph. D. Thesis, University of Massachusetts.

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