Hoff, K.; Stiglitz, J. (1993): Imperfect Information and Rural Credit Markets: Puzzles and Policy Perspectives. In: Hoff, Braverman, Stiglitz (Eds.): The Economics of Rural Organization: Theory, Practice, and Policy. A World Bank Book. Oxford University Press, pp.33 -- 52.

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Strengthening Social Security Systems in Rural Areas of.. - Jütting (1999)   (Correct)

.... grassroots , non profit etc. organisations because the incentive structure for cooperation in the provision of social security is largely dependent on a close relationship between the organisation and their members and between the members themselves. For a different conceptualisation see Uphoff (1993) and Salamon and Anheier (1996) Strengthening Social Security Systems in Rural Areas of Developing Countries 11 11 From an institutional perspective, the main difference between such organisations lies in their incentive structure for securing cooperation and compliance (Van Til 1987, Salamon ....

.... and information problems (Burgess and Stern 1991) Moral hazard arises when an individual takes an action to maximise his own welfare that is to the detriment of others in situations where information problems prevent the assignment to the individual of the full damage caused by this action (Hoff et al. 1993, p. 5) In insurance economics moral hazard plays an important role. In the early works of Arrow (1963) and Pauly (1968, 1974) who first formulated the moral hazard problem in the context of medical care, it was shown that individuals are less risk adverse when they are insured. This means that ....

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Hoff, K.; Stiglitz, J. (1993): Imperfect Information and Rural Credit Markets: Puzzles and Policy Perspectives. In: Hoff, Braverman, Stiglitz (Eds.): The Economics of Rural Organization: Theory, Practice, and Policy. A World Bank Book. Oxford University Press, pp.33 -- 52.

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