B. Bell and C. Lewis. ChemTrains: A Language for Creating Behaving Pictures. In Proceedings of the 1993 IEEE Symposium Visual Languages (VL'93), pages 188--195, Bergen, Norway, August 1993.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....is applied to the modeling and analysis of computer architecture problems, and has a graphical and formal syntaxes. In addition, various kinds of visual programming languages have been proposed. Form 3[19] is a declarative, form based, language that follows the spreadsheet paradigm. ChemTrains[20] is a rule based language in which both the condition and action of each rule are specified by pictures. Visulan[21] is a visual programming language based on bit map rewriting. Bit map as a program expression is described in the order set of the pattern replacement rule. Figures are the editing ....

B. Bell and C. Lewis. ChemTrains: A Language for Creating Behaving Pictures. In Proceedings of the 1993.

....Colorado, Boulder CO 80309 0430 (303) 492 1349, ralex cs.colorado.edu (303) 492 1503, ambach cs.colorado.edu Fax: 303) 492 2844 http: www.cs.colorado.edu ralex http: www.cs. colorado.edu ambach Abstract based on graphical rewrite rules, such as Agentsheets [2] BitPict [3] ChemTrains [4], KidSim [5] and Vampire [6] are effective end user programming approaches allowing users to define behavior by editing before and after pictures. These rule based, visual programming environments provide ease of use but are limited in their expressiveness. The question raised is whether it is ....

Bell, B. and C. Lewis, "ChemTrains: A Language for Creating Behaving Pictures," 1993 IEEE Workshop on Visual Languages, Bergen, Norway, 1993, pp. 188-195.

....of visual graph rewriting languages are AMBIT G [22] and PLAN2D [28] Postponing the presentation of graph rewriting (transformation) languages to Section 3. 6, our history of visual rule based programming languages (VRPLs) starts some years later on with systems like BITPICT [42] ChemTrains [6], KidSim [100] Vampire [68] and PictorialJanus [58] All of them, except PictorialJanus, belong to the category of icon rewriting languages. Their underlying knowledge base is not a set of facts with a superimposed graphical representation, but a two dimensional picture, usually called workspace ....

....of abstract spatial relationships like above and logical connections between icons to the pure icon rewriting concept of KidSim. It is, therefore, no longer necessary to write n different rules for processing all pairs of icons which are 1 to n grid units above each other. ffl ChemTrains [6], finally, is a kind of missing link between pure icon rewriting languages and graph rewriting languages, which are no longer sensitive to geometric relations of regarded objects. It manipulates graphical objects like boxes and lines and regards only two types of spatial relationships between ....

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B. Bell and C. Lewis. ChemTrains: A language for creating behaving pictures. In [111], pages 188--195, 1993.

....to introduce a transaction concept which allows to handle transient diagram states that temporarily do not have a feasible geometric interpretation. This can not be achieved with normal constraint based grammar models. Other recent work on the formal specification of diagram animation includes [GC96, UD95, UD97, KK91, TMMY94, Fur90, Fur91, Fur92, Bel92, BL93]. In [GC96] a specification of the execution of the visual programming language Pictorial Janus is given. However, the approach is only capable of specifying each single transitions between two diagram states seperately. Since the formal model does not include any notion of state or change, it ....

....execution or animation on it. The approach to dynamic diagram specification presented in [UD95, UD97] is based on rewrite specifications, too, but is directly targeted for interactive languages, for example the specification of diagram editors. Other work on the specification of diagram animation [KK91, TMMY94, Fur90, Fur91, Fur92, Bel92, BL93] considers the execution or animation of diagrams as a separate problem from their syntactic and semantic specification. In contrast we are aiming at integrating both aspects of diagram specification by extending well known and proven methods for the visual syntax specification to the realm of ....

B. Bell and C. Lewis. Chemtrains: A language for creating behaving pictures. In IEEE Workshop on Visual Languages, pages 188--195, Bergen, 1993. IEEE Computer Society Press.

....turned into a Java applet and published on the web. The goal of this work is to support more directly the requirements of programming in social settings where programming is no longer considered a solitaire activity. In contrast to the original before and after graphical rules based language [Bell and Lewis 1993, Furnas 1991, Kirsch 1964] used in AgentSheets [Repenning 1994] and KidSim Cocoa [Smith, et al. 1994] the new Visual AgenTalk language was designed with web based collaboration in mind [Repenning and Ambach 1996] This kind of support requires that computational artifacts can be easily shared ....

Bell, B. and Lewis, C., 1993. ChemTrains: A Language for Creating Behaving Pictures. In1993 IEEE Workshop on Visual Languages (Bergen, Norway). IEEE Computer Society Press, 188-195.

....perhaps by adding custom agents. In the Electric World, a learner introduces a buzzer by first defining its depiction, using the Agentsheets depiction editor, then defines the behavior of the buzzer either using a textual programming language called AgenTalk or by using graphical rewrite rules [12 14]. The expressiveness and modifiability of a design environment is enhanced with the addition of a programming language [15] Once the new buzzer agent is defined, it is ready to be used in a design (Figure 9) It serves as a replacement for the bulb. When the buzzer receives a signal it will play ....

Bell, B. and C. Lewis, "ChemTrains: A Language for Creating Behaving Pictures," in Proceedings of the IEEE Workshop on Visual Languages. IEEE Computer Society Press, Bergen, Norway, p. 188195 (1993). Remote Exploratoriums: Combining Network Media and Design Environments to Support Engaged Learning

.... moved beyond basic Logo by providing an integrated programming environment combining programming language with content material [5] Others have scaffolded programming visually either by using iconic languages [30] or by combining graphical rewrite rules with flavors of programming by example [1, 10, 14, 17, 22, 27 29]. Guzdial added interactive scaffolding machinery to programming environments [12] to help users to understand programming related problem solving. The scaffolding principles presented in this paper are concerned with language design issues combining textual and iconic representations to increase ....

Bell, B., and C. Lewis, "ChemTrains: A Language for Creating Behaving Pictures," 1993 IEEE Workshop on Visual Languages, Bergen, Norway, IEEE Computer Society Press, 1993, pp. 188-195.

....kinds of spatial relationships objects are involved in. Simple objects are not suggestive for complex interpretations. Kirsch used abstract character symbols such as V, H, and L in his rules. In BitPict [4] objects are simple black or white pixels. However, in rewrite rules featured in ChemTrains [2], Vampire [7] Agentsheets [10] and KidSim [15] objects can be much more complex and realistic looking. The rule depicted in Figure 1 is likely to be interpreted as a situation in which a car on a road is facing a traffic light. In situation 2 the car seems to have moved forward. We begin to ....

....representations, properties captured in topological representations, such as containment and connectivity, remain unchanged when scenes are changed via operations including rotation or reflection. In a graphical rewrite rule system based on topological spatial relations such as ChemTrains [2], the solution of a simplified version of the problem becomes trivial. A loop of road segment gets defined to be the places that can contain cars. These places are linked with arrows to represent connected road segments (Figure 18) Finally, a car gets defined and dropped into one of the road ....

Bell, B. and C. Lewis, "ChemTrains: A Language for Creating Behaving Pictures," 1993 IEEE Workshop on Visual Languages, Bergen, Norway, 1993, pp. 188-195.

....enables finergrained control of resources than the conventional models. Keywords visual language, distributed system, network application 1 Introduction A figure rewriting language works by rewriting figures on a display according to rewriting rules, which may also be depicted on the display( 7][1][3] 4] ChemTrains [1] successively finds and rewrites the figure that matches the rewriting rules. Vispatch s [4] rewriting process is driven by events issued by the user and the system itself. This event driven mechanism enables the language to be interactive. Moreover, it improves the ....

....of resources than the conventional models. Keywords visual language, distributed system, network application 1 Introduction A figure rewriting language works by rewriting figures on a display according to rewriting rules, which may also be depicted on the display( 7] 1] 3] 4] ChemTrains [1] successively finds and rewrites the figure that matches the rewriting rules. Vispatch s [4] rewriting process is driven by events issued by the user and the system itself. This event driven mechanism enables the language to be interactive. Moreover, it improves the rewriting speed by pruning the ....

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Bell, B. and C. Lewis, ChemTrains: A Language for Creating Behaving Pictures, VL93, 1993.

....systems [1] Graphical rewrite rules to change bitmap pictures are from BITPICT [2] BITPICT is simple and easy to understand, however it is powerless. Many graphical rewrite rule based systems have been proposed in the last several years in order to be more powerful than BITPICT. ChemTrains [3] uses the topology rather than the geometry of a pattern. Mondrian [4] attaches graphical annotation to a drawing. KidSim [5] uses a programming bydemonstration technique in defining rules. It also has text based properties for each object to realize AND conditions. The innovations in Visulan ....

B.Bell and C.Lewis, ChemTrains: A language for creating behaving pictures, Proc. IEEE Workshop on Visual Languages, pp.188-195, 1993.

....entities and their relationships. If the before part of a before after pair matches part of the state, the state is transformed to conform to the after part of the pair. BitPict [7] is one of the simplest of such languages, in that its before after pairs are simple pixel patterns. ChemTrains [1] and Vampire [12] allow more complex visual entities and relations, and also permit variables in the transformation rules. Completely visual languages of both types have the advantage that the user does not need to understand two different (albeit related) sets of semantics, the semantics of the ....

....in Figure 11 and the corresponding static representation is shown in Figure 12. Figure 13 shows snapshots of the dynamic representation of the bubble sort function at four different steps in its execution. The four snapshots are labeled with the corresponding statement number from int a[100] n; [1] void BubbleSort(void) int hold, j, pass, exch; 2] pass = n; 3] do [4] exch = 0; 5] for (j=0; j (pass 1) j ) 6] if (a[j] a[j 1] 7] hold = a[j] 8] a[j] a[j 1] 9] a[j 1] hold; 10] exch = 1; 11] pass ; 12] while (exch) Figure 11: Vipr Bubble Sort Function ....

B. Bell and C. Lewis. ChemTrains: A language for creating behaving pictures. In Proceedings of the 1993 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages, pages 188--195, Bergen, Norway, 1993.

....of visual graph rewriting languages are AMBIT G [20] and PLAN2D [21] Postponing the presentation of graph rewriting (transformation) languages to Section 1. 6, our history of visual rule based programming languages (VRPLs) starts some years later on with systems like BITPICT [48] ChemTrains [49], KidSim [50] Vampire [51] and PictorialJanus [52] All of them, except PictorialJanus, belong to the category of icon rewriting languages. Their underlying knowledge base is not a set of facts with a superimposed graphical representation, but a two dimensional picture, usually called workspace ....

....of abstract spatial relationships like above and logical connections between icons to the pure icon rewriting concept of KidSim. It is, therefore, no longer necessary to write n different rules for processing all pairs of icons which are 1 to n grid units above each other. ffl ChemTrains [49], finally, is a kind of missing link between pure icon rewriting languages and graph rewriting languages, which are no longer sensitive to geometric relations of regarded objects. It manipulates graphical objects like boxes and lines and regards only two types of spatial relationships between ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

B. Bell and C. Lewis. ChemTrains: A language for creating behaving pictures. In [116], pages 188--195, 1993.

....to be used in the implementation of VIPR, we devised a formal method for specifying the dynamic semantics of visual programming languages based on graphical transformations. This class of languages includes VIPR, but it also includes other languages including Pictorial Janus [14] and ChemTrains [1]. Although there have been a few attempts to formally specify the semantics of visual programming languages [2, 3, 11, 13] most of these were attempts to define static semantics, and all were textual approaches. Our scheme [7] itself uses graphics to define graphical transformations. We believe ....

Bell, B. and C. Lewis, "ChemTrains: A Language for Creating Behaving Pictures," in IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages (VL '93). 1993. Bergen, Norway, 188195.

....a pattern of pixels on part of BitPict s grid matches the precondition pattern of one of the rules, that pattern is altered to conform to the postcondition pattern of the rule. A number of fairly sophisticated animations have been designed using this system. A pair of similar languages, ChemTrains [2] and Vampire [11] expanded the graphical transformation model by adding additional graphical primitives and spatial relations. Vampire extended the model still further by adding textual attributes and manipulations to the graphical objects. The power of these systems was illustrated by the ....

....objects associated with variables R and R are unchanged, and the arrows connecting them are also unchanged. One interesting aspect or our semantic technique is that it represents the previously mentioned class of graphical transformation languages exemplified by BitPict [8] ChemTrains [2], and Vampire [11] Unlike VIPR, where a snapshot of an executing program contains both program state and all the remaining 10 instructions, these languages provide for a graphical configuration representing the program state and a separate set of graphical rules representing the program. ....

B. Bell & C. Lewis (1993) ChemTrains: A Language for Creating Behaving Pictures. In: IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages Bergen, Norway, 188-195.

....iterative programming style, where the student can refine the behavior of the objects by adding more and more rules to the description of the behavior. All the existing rule based visual programming systems including Cocoa (formerly called KidSim) 9] Science Theater, Agentsheets [8] ChemTrains [1], and BitPict [5] are based on production systems using rewrite rules [3, 6] Although, it is sometimes claimed that these rule based systems can be extended by simply adding rules, this does not always work in practice. Rules can interact with each other in subtle ways and adding new rules often ....

B. Bell and C. Lewis. Chemtrains: A language for creating behaving pictures. In Proc. 1993 IEEE Symposium Visual Languages, pages 188--195, Bergen, Norway, 1993.

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B. Bell and C. Lewis, `ChemTrains: a language for creating behaving pictures', Proc. 1993 IEEE Conference on Visual Languages, 1993.

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B. Bell and C. Lewis, "ChemTrains: A language for creating behaving pictures," in Proceedings of the 1993 IEEE Conference on Visual Languages, 1993.

....and their relationships. If the before part of a before after pair matches part of the state, the state is transformed to conform to the after part of the pair. BITPICT [11] is one of the simplest of such languages, in that its before after pairs are simple pixel patterns. ChemTrains [1] and Vampire [16] allow more complex visual entities and relations, and also permit variables in the transformation rules. Completely visual languages of both types have the advantage that the user does not need to understand two different (albeit related) sets of semantics, the semantics of the ....

....out of the loop body. Because the array shapes and variable s have not been initialized, we see that they currently indicate a pseudo instance of the shape class, with all possible subclasses available. main( int i = 0; double sum; shape shapes[2] s; shapes[0] new square; shapes[1] = new circle; while (i 2) s = shapes[i] Statement 1 sum = s area( i = 1; cout Total Area = sum n ; Figure 14: C Program using Polymorphic Objects with Dynamic Dispatch (i 2) sum =result i =1 call s.area s=shapes[i] i 2 i=0 i: sum: shapes: s: shapes[0] new square ....

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B. Bell and C. Lewis. ChemTrains: A language for creating behaving pictures. In Proceedings of the 1993 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages, pages 188--195, Bergen, Norway, 1993.

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B. Bell and C. Lewis. ChemTrains: A Language for Creating Behaving Pictures. In Proceedings of the 1993 IEEE Symposium Visual Languages (VL'93), pages 188--195, Bergen, Norway, August 1993.

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