Shin Takahashi, Satoshi Matsuoka, Akinori Yonezawa, and Tomihisa Kamada. A general framework for bi-directional translation between abstract and pictorial data. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, pages 165--174, October 1991.  Home/Search   Document Details and Download   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....to problems where the constraints can be expressed in terms of numeric relations. LayLab s constraint based graphical editor InLay [Graf and Neurohr, 1995] supports interactive multimedia layout, authoring, pre post editing, and beautification tasks. TRIP s [Kamada, 1989, Kamada and Kawai, 1991, Takahashi et al. 1991, Miyashita et al. 1992] integrated constraint based object layout system COOL formats graphs by minimizing the total energy of springs between the nodes (expressed as a quadratic function of the node positions) Further drawing and editing programs are CoDraw [Gross, 1992] CoolDraw, and Oak ....

....constraints and supports for indirection in sources and targets (implemented with an eager algorithm) tolerance of side effects, and a special mechanism for handling uninitialized variables. The user interface construction tools TRIP [Kamada and Kawai, 1991] TRIP2 DeltaTrip (based on DeltaBlue) [Takahashi et al. 1991], and TRIP3 [Miyashita et al. 1992] map abstract objects and relations onto sets of graphical items and geometric relations for visualization. The user interface editor Opus [Hudson and Mohamed, 1990] provides several display techniques for constraints that reduce the typical cluttering effect ....

S. Takahashi, S. Matsuoka, A. Yonezawa, and T Kamada. A general framework for bi-directional translation between abstract and pictorial data. In Proceedings of the UIST'91 (ACM SIGGRAPH Symp. on User Interface Software and Technology), pages 165--174, Hilton Head, SC, 1991.

....over any data value of any object. Relational views make a clear separation between display maintainence (as accomplished by the RVL specifications) and the application program. It is this clear separation that makes it possible to create an e#ective distributed implementation. The Trip 2 system [29] is also a realization of the relational view model. In this system, relations are specified in Prolog rather than RVL. Prolog is far more general than RVL, but the authors report severe performance di#culties. The RENDEZVOUS system [14, 20, 21] also provides high level support for creating ....

Takahashi, S., Matsuoka, S., Yonezawa, A., and Kamada, T. A general framework for bi-directional translation between abstract and pictoral data. In Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, November 1991.

....problems where the constraints can be expressed in terms of numeric relations. LayLab s constraint based graphical editor InLay [ Graf and Neurohr, 1995 ] supports interactive multimedia layout, authoring, pre post editing, and beautification tasks. TRIP s [ Kamada, 1989, Kamada and Kawai, 1991, Takahashi et al. 1991, Miyashita et al. 1992 ] integrated constraint based object layout system COOL formats graphs by minimizing the total energy of springs between the nodes (expressed as a quadratic function of the node positions) Further drawing and editing programs are CoDraw [ Gross, 1992 ] CoolDraw, and ....

....and supports for indirection in sources and targets (implemented with an eager algorithm) tolerance of side effects, and a special mechanism for handling uninitialized variables. The user interface construction tools TRIP [ Kamada and Kawai, 1991 ] TRIP2 DeltaTrip (based on DeltaBlue) Takahashi et al. 1991 ] and TRIP3 [ Miyashita et al. 1992 ] map abstract objects and relations onto sets of graphical items and geometric relations for visualization. The user interface editor Opus [ Hudson and Mohamed, 1990 ] provides several display techniques for constraints that reduce the typical cluttering ....

S. Takahashi, S. Matsuoka, A. Yonezawa, and T Kamada. A general framework for bidirectional translation between abstract and pictorial data. In Proceedings of the UIST'91 (ACM SIGGRAPH Symp. on User Interface Software and Technology), pages 165--174, Hilton Head, SC, 1991.

....of presenting a direct manipulation interface. Furthermore, the interaction of the canon with the final translation will decide the opportunities for the editor to provide editing features to facilitate the capture of these layout relations from the user. 1.3. 1 Related Work Kamada and Kawai [41] present a partial solution to the problem of visualising abstract information [20] and Takahashi et al. extend this work to translate in both directions. This work is particularly relevant as it specifies a Prolog based visual structure representation language and describes the process of ....

....as a conceptual graph canon, taking advantage of the strengths of conceptual graphs in the representation of natural language, the principle of composition in conceptual graph context boxes, and the conceptual graph operations to manipulate these layout descriptions. The work of Kamada et al. [20, 41] is presented as a strong basis for a definition of the language. This paper introduces a conceptual graph notation for the description of the layout frame via curves, reference points, and listings. Three immediate directions for future work are identified: a data flow extension to this notation ....

Shin Takahashi, Satoshi Matsuoka, Akinori Yonezawa, and Tomisha Kamada. A general framework for bi-directional translation between abstract and pictorial data. In Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, pages 165--174, Hilton Head, South Carolina, USA, Nov 1991.

.... solution to a constraint hierarchy using local propagation is described in [20] and further analyzed in [43] 25] and [57] Constraint hierarchies as described in reference [4] have subsequently been used in a number of systems, including ThingLab II [43, 44] TRIP and TRIP II [37, 76], the Constraint Window System [16] and Multi Garnet [56] In addition to early conference publications [4, 7] constraint hierarchies are discussed in detail in [5] Most of the concepts in constraint hierarchies derive from concepts in subfields of operations research such as linear programming ....

Shin Takahashi, Satoshi Matsuoka, and Akinori Yonezawa. A General Framework for BiDirectional Translation between Abstract and Pictorial Data. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, pages 165--174, Hilton Head, South Carolina, November 1991.

.... [ Feiner, 1988; Kosak et al. 1994 ] and genetic algorithms (e.g. Kosak et al. 1991; Hower et al. 1995 ] especially constraint processing techniques as knowledge representation paradigm as well as inference mechanism have extensively been used for automated graphical layout (e.g. Takahashi et al. 1991; Graf, 1992 ] for an overview see also [ Cruz et al. 1995a ] and [ Hower and Graf, 1995 ] At DFKI we have been engaged in the developement of so called IntelliMedia systems 1 that meet current drawbacks by incorporating AI techniques 1 In contrast to conventional multimedia and ....

S. Takahashi, S. Matsuoka, A. Yonezawa, and T. Kamada. A general framework for bi-directional translation between abstract and pictorial data. In Proceedings of the UIST'91 (ACM SIGGRAPH Symp. on User Interface Software and Technology), pages 165--174, Hilton Head, SC, U.S.A., 1991.

....and of ensuring adequate response time. In fact, its emphasis on the management of computer 3.3. Extensions to Direct Manipulation 15 resources for the purposes of the interactive needs of the user subordinates the other processes of the system. In contrast, the work of Harel[19] and Takahashi[46] are each representative of the approach of deepening the meaning of the underlying model. This approach is perhaps best exemplified by Harel[19] who captures his approach under the notion of visual formalisms. Harel s work is concerned with the representation of abstract non quantative ....

....interfaces are built directly from these abstractions. However, despite the stated formalism of these abstractions it is not clear that the operations on the abstractions are exploited to reinforce a representative model. The work of Kamada et al. followed by the supprting work of Takahashi et al.[46] directly pursues the object of deepening the interaction between the user and the model represented in the interface. Kamada et al. 21] produce an automatic translation from an abstract representation of informatiion to a topological representation. Takahashi et al. present a system that performs ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

Shin Takahashi, Satoshi Matsuoka, Akinori Yonezawa, and Tomisha Kamada. A general framework for bi-directional translation between abstract and pictorial data. In Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, pages 165--174, Hilton Head, South Carolina, USA, Nov 1991.

....the position and orientation of conceptual graphs. Conceptual graphs form a superset of the language and so a natural implementation of the language is a conceptual graph canon. Kamada and Kawai[3] present a partial solution to the problem of visualising abstract information. Takahashi et al.[7] extended this work to translate both to and from the visual form. Their work specifies a Prolog based visual structure representation language and describes the process of translation to hierarchical constraints[1] Translating the pictorial form back to the visual structure representation ....

Shin Takahashi, Satoshi Matsuoka, Akinori Yonezawa, and Tomisha Kamada. A general framework for bidirectional translation between abstract and pictorial data. In Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, pages 165--174, Hilton Head, South Carolina, USA, Nov 1991.

.... uses local propagation, performs a hill climbing least squares technique called relaxation in case local propagation is not applicable [3, 6] The TRIP systems divide constraint systems consisting of linear equations into two levels, and applies the least squares method to the weaker level [52, 59, 62, 82, 83]. 7.4 Constraint Hierarchies This section presents previous work on constraint hierarchies from the viewpoints of theories and algorithms. 7.4.1 Theories Borning et al. formulated constraint hierarchies [7, 9, 11, 90, 91, 92, 93] and studied their properties [9, 91] They also integrated ....

Takahashi, S., S. Matsuoka, A. Yonezawa, and T. Kamada, "A General Framework for Bi-Directional Translation between Abstract and Pictorial Data," in Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (UIST), Nov. 1991, pp. 165--174.

.... [ Feiner, 1988, Kosak et al. 1994 ] and genetic algorithms (e.g. Kosak et al. 1991, Hower et al. 1995 ] especially constraint processing techniques as knowledge representation paradigm as well as inference mechanism have extensively been used for automated graphical layout (e.g. Takahashi et al. 1991, Graf, 1992 ] for an overview see also [ Cruz et al. 1995 ] and [ Hower and Graf, 1995 ] At DFKI we have been engaged in the developement of so called IntelliMedia systems 1 that meet current drawbacks by incorporating AI techniques into the multimedia design process. In this paper, we ....

S. Takahashi, S. Matsuoka, A. Yonezawa, and T. Kamada. A general framework for bi-directional translation between abstract and pictorial data. In Proceedings of the UIST'91 (ACM SIGGRAPH Symp. on User Interface Software and Technology), pages 165--174, Hilton Head, SC, U.S.A., 1991.

....a colleague communicates with you, your view shows every change that theirs does. Constraint systems have been heavily studied as user interface specification techniques, and have been used in a number of systems to support a range of different user interface implementation tasks (for example [2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 15, 18, 19]) See [21] for a full discussion of the benefits of constraints. Constraint systems are uniquely suited for supporting multiple views of shared data, since they allow the relationships between data and user interface presentation to be described declaratively. Based on these descriptions, a ....

Takahashi, S., Matsuoka, S. Yonezawa, A., and Kamada, T., "A general framework for bi-directional translation between abstract and pictorial data", Proceedings of UIST'91, Hilton Head, South Carolina, Nov 1991.

....some example applications developed using Weasel. Finally, our evaluation is presented. 3.4.1 The Relational View Model Weasel is an example system implementing the relational view model, and is the only system employing it to support development of multi user user interfaces. The Trip2 system [70] is an example of an instantiation of the relational view model for supporting development of single user user interfaces. The principle underlying the relational view model is that of using the specification of a relation to facilitate bi directional mapping between an abstract and a pictorial ....

S. Takahashi, S. Matsuoka, A. Yonezawa, and T. Kamada. A General Framework for BiDirectional Translation between Abstract and Pictorial Data. In Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (Hilton Head, Carolina, Nov. 11--13), pages 165--174. ACM Press, 1991.

....also support the export value mechanism to specify the application dependent action. Whenever an export value is updated via user interaction or constraint solving, the corresponding callback function attached to the value is invoked to notify the application. Constraint based specification [13, 14, 10] has the following advantage: In a conventional widget framework, the programmer is responsible for governing all the control flow information using complicated call back functions. Constraint based visual object composition frees the designer from such responsibilities, since the constraint ....

Shin Takahashi, Satoshi Matsuoka, Akinori Yonezawa, and Tomihisa Kamada. A general framework for bi-directional translation between abstract and pictorial data. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, November 1991.

....by Example, Visual Parsing, Visualization, Constraint Hierarchies. 1 INTRODUCTION Although Graphical User Interfaces (GUI) have become prevalent, the complexity and development cost of application specific GUIs remain considerably high. To support such GUI programming, our previous work TRIP2[14] proposed the bi directional translation model, which gave programmers a general framework to realize application specific GUIs. In this model, mapping rules describe how to translate between application data and its corresponding visual representation. Furthermore its descendant, TRIP3[9] ....

.... #4 #1 #5 #1 #2 #3 #3 #4 #1 #2 #2 #3 #1 #4 #1 #2 #3 Figure 2: Snapshots of Drawing Editor in Rule Generation for organization Figure 3: Organization Diagram Snapshot 3 THE BI DIRECTIONAL TRANSLATION MODEL As a prerequisite, we first overview our bi directional translation initially presented in [14] (the specification as well as the inner working of the implementation has been considerably refined from [9] and [14] Figure 6 illustrates our bi directional translation model with an example of organization diagram data. Application data space consists of a series of structured data. Each data ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

Takahashi, S., S. Matsuoka, A. Yonezawa, and T. Kamada, "A General Framework for BiDirectional Translation between Abstract and Pictorial Data," in Proc. of ACM User Interface Software and Technology (UIST), 1991, pp. 165--174.

....between application data and its visual representation. Expressing the correspondence between application data and its visual representation declaratively is a step towards a solution to problem (2) Our previous research proposed the bi directional translation model and a prototype system TRIP2[25]. TRIP2 realizes bidirectional translation between application data and its visual representation with a set of declarative translation (mapping) rules. Modification of the application data is directly reflected to its visualization, and conversely, graphical editing is directly reflected to the ....

.... TRIP2 2.1 Four Types of Data Representation It is non trivial to devise a general scheme for achieving the translation between application data and its visual representation, because both data representations could be arbitrary. To solve the problem, our previous research TRIP[14] and TRIP2[25] have proposed two additional canonical data representation layers between the application data and its visual representation. Figure 1 shows the four data representations and their examples. Application s Data Representation (AR) is the application dependent abstract data. Abstract Structure ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

Takahashi, S., Matsuoka, S., Yonezawa, A., and Kamada, T.: A General Framework for Bi-Directional Translation between Abstract and Pictorial Data, in Proc. of ACM User Interface Software and Technology (UIST), pp. 165--174 (1991).

....2. These abstract data are in the application program, and change during its execution. In order to create an animation of application program, we have to obtain the up to date status from application program during its execution. We have already proposed the bi directional translation model[18, 27], which enables programmers to easily create direct manipulation style interfaces for manipulating abstract data. In this model, visualization of application data and recognition of pictures are regarded as translations from to application data to from pictorial data via abstract structure ....

.... are necessary to create an animation. Complex animation techniques, such as slow in slow out and squash andstretch [16] are easily specified in our model. We also describe a prototype system based on this extended model. This system uses a similar visual mapping module to TRIP[14, 15] TRIP2[18, 27], and TRIP3[19, 20] Thus, the same visual mapping rules can be used in our animation system. In particular, using the TRIP3 system, users can easily create visual mapping rules by example for this animation system. The rest of this paper is organized as follows. Section 2 describes the ....

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Shin Takahashi, Satoshi Matsuoka, Akinori Yonezawa, and Tomihisa Kamada. A General Framework for Bidirectional Translation between Abstract and Pictorial Data. In Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, volume 4, pages 165--174, November 1991.

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Shin Takahashi, Satoshi Matsuoka, Akinori Yonezawa, and Tomihisa Kamada. A general framework for bi-directional translation between abstract and pictorial data. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, pages 165--174, October 1991.

No context found.

. 77. Takahashi, Shin, Matsuoka, Satoshi, and Yonezawa, Akinori. A General Framework for Bi-Directional Translation between Abstract and Pictorial Data. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, Hilton Head, South Carolina

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