C. Seitz. Myrinet--A Gigabit-per-Second Local-Area Network. Talk presented at Hot Interconnects-II, Aug. 1994.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

.... in TCP breaks down are in the wireless networks and System Area Networks (SANs) In wireless networking, packet loss often implies channel degradation, so the recovery actions for TCP should be retransmit quickly [3] In the SAN context, researchers argued that faults signal catastrophic failure [5, 31, 39], requiring human intervention. However, they also argue the fault rates of these networks are very low. The LAN and WAN networking communities have recognized that byte stream abstraction is not always appropriate and so have proposed many alternative messaging based protocols, e.g. 28, 33] ....

C. Seitz. Myrinet--A Gigabit-per-Second Local-Area Network. Talk presented at Hot Interconnects-II, Aug. 1994.

.... in TCP breaks down are in the wireless networks and System Area Networks (SANs) In wireless networking, packet loss often implies channel degradation, so the recovery actions for TCP should be retransmit quickly [3] In the SAN context, researchers argued that faults signal catastrophic failure [5, 31, 39], requiring human intervention. However, they also argue the fault rates of these networks are very low. The LAN and WAN networking communities have recognized that byte stream abstraction is not always appropriate and so have proposed many alternative messaging based protocols, e.g. 28, 33] ....

C. Seitz. Myrinet--A Gigabit-per-Second Local-Area Network. Talk presented at Hot Interconnects-II, Aug. 1994.

.... in TCP breaks down are in the wireless networks and System Area Networks (SANs) In wireless networking, packet loss often implies channel degradation, so the recovery actions for TCP should be retransmit quickly [3] In the SAN context, researchers argued that faults signal catastrophic failure [5, 38, 45], requiring human intervention. However, they also argue the fault rates of these networks are very low. The LAN and WAN networking communities have recognized that byte stream abstraction is not always appropriate and so have proposed many alternative messaging based protocols. A few of the ....

C. Seitz. Myrinet---A Gigabit-per-Second Local-Area Network. Talk presented at Hot Interconnects II, Aug. 1994.

....extensive remote access mechanisms in hardware [1, 15] The Fujitsu AP1000 [8] also has hardware based put get primitives. In addition, there are several cluster based interconnects which support global address space mechanisms either direcfiy or indirectly on the card. These include Myrinet [ 16], ServerNet [9] and certain variants of VIA [5] However to date, these hardware based approaches have not spread to more generic kinds of network interfaces. There have been several put get implementations for clusters also. These include the LAPI [17] Global Array (GA) toolkit [13, 12] ....

C. Seitz. Myrinet a gigabit-per-second local-area network. In Proceedings of Hot Interconnects, 1994.

....Super Computer HP715 HP715 Workstation HP715 RAID Array HP715 Figure 4.5: Cluster Network Example technology. Some of the lower speed networks use UTP serial links, but others use multi core shielded cables or bre. A number of di erent Cluster Network technologies exist: Myrinet [Seitz95] is the commercial result of two research projects; the USC ISI Atomic network [Cohen93] and the Caltech Mosaic switch fabric [Seitz93] Devices are connected by 160MB s full duplex links to a 2D mesh switch fabric. GigaNet [GigaNet] o ers 155MB s full duplex links that operate an ATMlike ....

....direct, yet protected, access to peripherals in an untrusted network environment. They also wish to support functions such as device todevice transfers controlled by a third party. In their current experimental platform, devices and hosts communicate using standard IP over a 640Mb s Myrinet [Seitz95] network. The current focus of their activities is disk storage and display devices. The granularity of device management on a Netstation system is the Network Virtual Device (NVD) Meter96] A single NAP may contain several NVDs. For example, several disks inside the same physical box sharing ....

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C. L. Seitz et al. Myrinet: A Gigabit-per-Second Local Area Network. IEEE Micro, February 1995. http://www.myri. com. (pp 68, 95, 116)

....is a simple, low cost switching scheme often used for supercomputer interconnections. It has the merits of low latency, low cost, and simple implementation. In addition to its use for supercomputer interconnection, wormhole routing also has been applied to high speed local area networks (LANs) [1, 2, 3] to support applications such as cluster computing that demand a very fast, high data rate communication media. 1.1 Wormhole Routing Wormhole routing was developed from the earlier idea of cut through switching [4] and was first introduced in [5] A wormhole routing network is composed of ....

....increase in a LAN environment to accommodate transit data that cannot be stopped immediately due to the longer link propagation delay than in a multiprocessor interconnection application. As an example, a 640 Mbps Myrinet with a link length of 25 meters needs a buffer size of at least 54 bytes [2] per port to prevent data loss due to a buffer overflow or a transmission break due to the possibility of the buffer being empty before transmission is resumed. A LAN spanning hundreds of meters requires a buffer size larger than hundreds of bytes (a buffer size that could hold more than one ....

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C. Seitz, D. Cohen, and R. Felderman. "Myrinet---A Gigabit-per-second Local-Area Network". IEEE Micro, 15(1):29--36, February 1995.

....the topology tradeoffs, the scaling problem associated with wormhole routing (and a deadlock free routing technique) and the performance of multihop virtual topologies. Finally, in Section 5, the SSN testbed for the LAN and MAN setting will be described. 2 Architecture 2. 1 Myrinet The Myrinet [24] high speed LAN is an integral part of the SSN. Myrinet, manufactured by Myricom, Inc. is a high speed, switch based LAN intended to provide access over a limited geographical area. Myrinet has its roots in the multicomputer world [25, 6] where it was used as the interconnection network for a ....

C. Seitz, D. Cohen, and R. Felderman. Myrinet---A gigabit-per-second local-area network. IEEE Micro, 15(1):29--36, February 1995.

....sockets on top of this layer, we see a one way message time of about 25 s, nearly an order of magnitude faster than TCP or single copy TCP on the same hardware. Our final demonstration system will utilize either a second generation ATM LAN or a retargeted MPP network, such as the Myrinet[Seit95]. We are currently evaluating a spectrum of design alternatives for the network interface card, which will connect either at an emerging high speed external bus, such as PCI, the memory bus, or the graphics bus, depending on our final choice of workstation platform. The key difference in this ....

C. Seitz, "Myrinet -- A Gigabit per second Local-area Network," this issue.

....routing is a simple, low cost switching scheme often used for supercomputer interconnections. It has the merits of low latency, low cost, and simple implementation. Recently wormhole routing has been used as the switching scheme for Local area networks (LANs) One such effort is Myricom s Myrinet [2], which has been adopted as the LAN infrastructure for the Supercomputer SuperNet (SSN) a research project being conducted at UCLA, JPL and Aerospace Corp. 3, 4] 1.1 Wormhole Routing Wormhole routing was developed from the earlier idea of cut through switching [5] and was first introduced in ....

....be buffered along a chain of switching nodes when blocked. With wormhole routing, deadlocks are possible unless a deadlock free routing strategy is employed. We measure packet length by flits, which is the amount of data that can be transmitted in one time unit. For example, the 640Mbps Myrinet [2] has one byte per flit lasting 12.5ns. A survey of wormhole routing can be found in [7] 1.2 Timeout Reset Wormhole routing exhibits very low network latency through its use of cut through switching [5] However, a high speed LAN requires not only low latency but also very high throughput, which ....

C. Seitz, D. Cohen, and R. Felderman. "Myrinet---A Gigabit-per-second Local-Area Network". IEEE Micro, 15(1):29--36, February 1995.

....consists of a high speed wormhole routing electronic LAN, called Myrinet. The higher level of the SSN architecture consists of an optical WDM backbone network that interconnects several lower level LANs. In this section, we present, in some detail, the architecture of SSN. 3. 1 Myrinet Myrinet [21], manufactured by Myricom, Inc. is a high speed, switch based LAN intended to provide access over a limited geographical area. Myrinet has its roots in the multicomputer world [22, 5] where it was used as the interconnection network for the Cosmic Cube, a prototype parallel computer. It uses ....

C. Seitz, D. Cohen, and R. Felderman. Myrinet--- A Gigabit-per-second Local-Area Network. IEEE Micro, 15(1):29--36, February 1995.

....a wormhole routing LAN. 1 Introduction Wormhole routing is a widely studied algorithm which has typically been applied to supercomputer interconnection networks. Recently wormhole routing has been used as the switching scheme for Local area networks (LANs) One such effort is Myricom s Myrinet [20], which has been adopted as the LAN infrastructure for the Supercomputer SuperNet (SSN) a research project being conducted at UCLA, JPL and Aerospace Corp. 14] Many performance studies for wormhole routing in a supercomputer environment have been carried out and presented in the literature [1, ....

C. Seitz, D. Cohen and R. Felderman, "Myrinet---A Gigabit-per-second Local-Area Network", IEEE Micro, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 29--36, Feb. 1995.

....we divide these increasing demands into two categories, wide area networking and intra cluster networking for scalable servers. Over the past twenty years, while a great deal of research has gone into the study of a wide variety of approaches and techniques for intra cluster communication networks [6, 3, 13, 4, 18], little of that effort has focused on simultaneously addressing highest performance and performance predictability (quality of service) Traditionally, workloads have been viewed as requiring only best effort, and optimization for maximum throughput and minimum latency for a wealth of traffic ....

C. Seitz. Myrinet -- a gigabit-per-second local-area network. In Proceedings of the IEEE Hot Interconnects Symposium, Palo Alto, CA, 1994.

....the state ADT and the implementation of problem dependent functions. 3. 2 Communication Model The algorithms were implemented using two communication models: Message Passing Interface (MPI) 1] upon an ethernet network and using Active Messages [6] upon a Myrinet network, a 1 Gigabit sec network [5]. The network consisted of four 32Mb Sun SPARCstation4 s. MPI is a widely used communication model for parallel computing. It is mature with a high level of abstraction from the physical communication medium. MPI provides many useful features and abstractions aimed for parallel computing. Active ....

C Seitz. Myrinet---a gigabit per second localarea network. IEEE Micro, February 1995.

.... of shared media, and more efficient switching techniques [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7] Two decades later, short haul multicomputer interconnection networks have also developed in parallel, both following the trail of long haul, general networks and contributing to their architectural improvements [3, 8, 5, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13]. During this period, architects of both network types have focused on how to allocate and utilize restricted network resources efficiently to provide higher throughput and lower average latency. Recently, there has been an explosive growth of continuous data (audio video) communications on ....

C. Seitz. "Myrinet -- a gigabit-per-second local-area network," in Proceedings of the IEEE Hot Interconnects Symposium, Palo Alto, CA, 1994.

....Faculty Fellowships, and Rodrigues by a National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowship. The authors can be contacted at fsteverod, tea, cullerg cs.berkeley.edu. 1 Introduction The development and deployment of high performance local area networks such as ATM [de Prycker 1993] Myrinet [Seitz 1994], and switched highspeed Ethernet has the potential to dramatically improve communication performance for network applications. These networks are capable of microsecond latencies and bandwidths of hundreds of megabits per second; their switched fabrics eliminate the contention seen on shared bus ....

....(GAM) Culler et al. 1994] on both HP UX 9:0:x and Solaris 2:5. The HP UX platform consists of two 99Mhz HP735 s interconnected by an FDDI network and using the Medusa network adapter [Banks Prudence 1993] The Solaris platform is a collection of UltraSPARC 1 s connected via a Myrinet network [Seitz 1994]. For all tests, there was no other load on the network links or switches. Our microbenchmarks were run against a variety of TCP IP setups. The standard HP UX TCP IP stack is well tuned, but there is also a single copy stack designed for use on the Medusa network interface. We ran our tests on ....

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C. Seitz. "Myrinet: A gigabit-per-second local area network." In Hot Interconnects II, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, August 1994.

....(high bandwidth and low latency) required for efficient parallel computing across such networks 1 . In fact, in terms of hardware technology such configurations are very close to supercomputers such as the IBM SP2. The Gardens testbed comprises a network of Sparc workstations and a Myrinet [16] high performance network 2 . The utilisation of a dynamic set of workstations requires adaptive parallelism [4] Adaptive parallelism entails the automatic and transparent adaptation of parallel programs to available workstations; this contrasts with conventional parallel computing which ....

C Seitz. Myrinet---a gigabit per second local-area network. IEEE Micro, February 1995.

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Kulawik, C.L. Seitz, J.N. Seizovic, and W. Su. Myrinet: A Gigabit-per-second Local Area Network. IEEE Micro, 15#1#:29#36, February 1995.

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C. L. Seitz et. al.: Myrinet - A Gigabit-per-Second Local-Area Network. IEEE-Micro,Vol.15, No.1, February 1995, pp. 29-36.

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Seitz, J. N. Seizovic, and W.-K. Su. Myrinet: A gigabit-persecond Local Area Network. IEEE Micro, 15#1#:29#36, Feb. 1995.

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C. L. Seitz, J. N. Seizovic, and Wen-King Su. Myrinet: A gigabit-per-second Local Area Network. IEEE Micro, 15#1#:29#36, February 1995.

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