Stern, J., Hachez, G., Koeune, F., Quisquater, J.J.: Robust object watermarking: Application to code. In: Information Hiding, LNCS. Volume 1768. (1999) 368--378  Home/Search   Document Details and Download   Summary   Related Articles   Check

..... i n ] where P [ I ] is the state of program P after input I . 2. 1 The GTW Algorithm Static watermarking algorithms typically embed the watermark: by permuting segments of code, such as statements, basic blocks, or arms of switch statements [7] or by altering instruction frequencies [15], or by inserting a code segment which has no semantic e#ect. The Graph Theoretic Watermark (GTW) algorithm of Venkatesan et al. [18] falls in the last category. The basic embedding technique is as follows: Heap n2=CreateNode( n3=CreateNode( addEdge(n1,n2) addEdge(n1,n3) addEdge(n2,n3) ....

J. P. Stern, G. Hachez, F. Koeune, and J.-J. Quisquater. Robust object watermarking: Application to code. In Information Hiding, pages 368--378, 1999.

....US patents, very little (publicly available) information seems to exist on software watermarking in which a copyright notice (AM) or customer identification number (FM) is embedded into a program . In 2002, Nagra, Thomborson and Collberg [15] added a number of publications to the problem [13] [18], 17] 16] and [20] We have found that two more papers needed to be added to this list [9] and [2] Our results improve on those presented in Monden et al. 13] which describes a technique that uses a never executed dummy method (of a class) appended to a target Java source program, to ....

J. P. Stern, G. Hachez, F. Koeune, and J.-J. Quisquater. Robust object watermarking: Application to code. In Information Hiding, pages 368--378, 1999.

....primitive watermarking approaches [TNM90] Car95] to a field of much research interest. Many ways have been proposed on how to insert tags (aka watermarks) into digital media such as audio and video streams, digital images, text of various formats, source code [ST98] and even program binaries [SHKQ99]. Distribution channels were usually limited to the one to one scenario, with few notable exceptions such as Watercasting [BPC99] where watermarking becomes a feature of multicast communications. Delivery and dispute resolution protocols with different security properties were Published in ....

Julien P. Stern, Gael Hachez, Francois Koeune, and Jean-Jacques Quisquater. Robust object watermarking: Application to code. In Information Hiding Workshop '99. Springer-Verlag, 1999.

.... Watermarking of software is an even more recent development, with a correspondingly smaller level of publication activity [Grover, 1992] Holmes, 1994] Samson, 1994] Davidson and Myhrvold, 1996] Moskowitz and Cooperman, 1998] Monden et al. 1998] Collberg and Thomborson, 1999] [Stern et al. 2000], Pieprzyk, 1999] Palsberg et al. 2000] Venkatesan et al. 2001] Watermarking is only one of many approaches for dealing with the protection of intellectual property in software. Other technical means include the use of a registration database [Shivakumar and Garc ia Molina, 1996] ....

....are known not to be executed. The drawbacks of this method were discussed in Section 6.1.1. All the above methods suffer from the problem that the location of the watermarks can be straightforwardly deduced and removed, because the watermarks and software are not highly dependentoneach other. In [Stern et al. 2000], the authors propose encoding watermarks by hiding bits of information in the free choice of synonymous instruction sequences for live code, for example by using a MOV instruction instead of a PUSH instruction in x86 machine code. EachMOV could represent a 0 (in contexts where a PUSH could be ....

Stern, J. P., Hachez, G., Fran c. K., and Quisquater, J.-J. (2000). Robust object watermarking: Application to code. In Pfitzmann, A., editor, Information Hiding (Proceedings of the Third International Workshop, IH'99), LNCS 1768, Germany. Springer.

....the entity that we are actually going to mark is the function representing the frequencies of groups of consecutive assembly instructions in the code. With this approach, we strongly limit the range of modifications that can be applied to the marked object. This scheme has been published in [SHKQ00] 4.1. Classical spread spectrum watermarking The first watermarking schemes added the watermark in perceptually insignificant regions of the media (sound, image, movie) As these regions were not important for the content, the watermark could be removed without altering too much the data. ....

J. P. Stern, G. Hachez, F. Koeune, and J.-J. Quisquater. Robust Object Watermarking: Application to Code. In A. Pfitzmann, editor, Information Hiding '99, volume 1768 of Lectures Notes in Computer Science (LNCS), pages 368--378, Dresden, Germany, 2000. Springer-Verlag. 85

....or purposes for code watermarks remain the same as for the other domains ( 12] However, a more restrictive constraint is added: a small random modification in the code can break it completely, which is not the case for images or audio. We can translate that requirement in a formal way ([10] extended from [13] FILIGRANE (FlexIbLe IPR for Software AGent ReliANcE) Framework Figure 1 : FILIGRANE Functional Model Transform a program P into a watermarked program P with the same observable behaviour. If P fails to terminate or terminates with an error, then P fails to terminate ....

....flow graph that will be tightly interconnected with the existing one . The authors are not aware of any implementation of this approach. Both techniques seem to be technically sound, but they do not make use of all the experience acquired in other domains where watermarks have been applied. In [10], we extended an existing robust watermarking technique (spread spectrum) to the code domain. We applied this theoretical scheme to Java code. The main advantages of this technique: it has proved to be robust in the image domain and it can be applied to compiled code (requirement for FILIGRANE) ....

Julien P.Stern, Gael Hachez, Fracois Koeune, Jean-Jacques Quisquater, Robust Object Watermarking: Application to Code, In Proceedings of InfoHiding '99, LNCS 1768, pp. 368-378, Sep. 1999

....not really change. But the imperceptibility is more crucial in the case of executable code. For images, if slightly modified, the general meaning will remain but for code, modifying the behaviour is no more an option. So, this constraint will be very important and we formalized this condition in [18] (extended form of the definition of [2] by: Definition 1. Transform a program P into a watermarked program P # with the same observable behaviour. If P fails to terminate or terminates with an error, then P # fails to terminate or terminates with an error. Otherwise, P # must terminate and ....

....The analysis they made is useful because they showed that almost all existing techniques are based on tips and tricks. Although those can be very e#cient, we have no guarantee on the security of those watermarks. We must also remember that even in other media, this is not always the case. In [18], two of the authors of this current paper and others built a new theoretical model and a new type of software watermark based on already tested techniques. The main idea is to reuse existing and quite secure techniques already used in other domains such as images and audio. The reused technique ....

Julien P. Stern, Gael Hachez, Francois Koeune, and Jean-Jacques Quisquater. Robust object watermarking: Application to code. In A. Pfitzmann, editor, Information Hiding '99, volume 1768 of Lectures Notes in Computer Science (LNCS), pages 368--378, Dresden, Germany, 2000. Springer-Verlag.

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Stern, J., Hachez, G., Koeune, F., Quisquater, J.J.: Robust object watermarking: Application to code. In: Information Hiding, LNCS. Volume 1768. (1999) 368--378

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J. Stern, G. Hachez, F. Koeune, and J.-J. Quisquater. Robust object watermarking: Application to code. In Information Hiding, pages 368--378, 1999.

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Julien P. Stern, Gael Hachez, Francois Koeune, and Jean-Jacques Quisquater. Robust object watermarking: Application to code. In Information Hiding, volume 1768, pages 368--378, Germany, 1999. Springer-Verlag.

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J. P. Stern, G. Hachez, F. Koeune, and J.-J. Quisquater. Robust object watermarking: Application to code. In Information Hiding, pages 368--378, 1999.

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J. P. Stern, G. Hachez, F. Koeune, and J.-J. Quisquater. Robust object watermarking: Application to code. In Information Hiding, pages 368--378, 1999.

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Julien P. Stern, Gael Hachez, Francois Koeune, and Jean-Jacques Quisquater. Robust object watermarking: Application to code. In Information Hiding, pages 368--378, 1999. http://citeseer.nj. nec.com/stern00robust.html. 24

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Stern, J.P., Hachez, G., Koeune, F., Quisquater, J.J.: Robust object watermarking: Application to code. In: Information Hiding. (1999) 368--378

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Julien P. Stern, Gael Hachez, Franois Koeune, and Jean-Jacques Quisquater. Robust object watermarking: Application to code. In 3rd International Information Hiding Workshop, pages 368--378, 1999.

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Julien P. Stern, Gael Hachez, Francois Koeune, and Jean-Jacques Quisquater. Robust object watermarking: Application to code. In Information Hiding, pages 368--378, 1999.

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J. P. Stern, G. Hachez, F. Koeune, and J.-J. Quisquater. Robust object watermarking: Application to code. In Information Hiding, pages 368-378, 1999.

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Julien P. Stern, Gael Hachez, Francois Koeune, and Jean-Jacques Quisquater. Robust object watermarking: Application to code. In Information Hiding, pages 368--378, 1999.

No context found.

Julien P. Stern, Gael Hachez, Francois Koeune, and Jean-Jacques Quisquater. Robust object watermarking: Application to code. In Andreas Pfitzmann, editor, Information Hiding (Proceedings of the Third International Workshop, IH'99), LNCS 1768, Germany, 2000. Springer.

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