Clark EV (1993) The Lexicon in Acquisition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....distinct categories (in our case, edible and poisonous mushrooms) are labelled with distinct signals, b) a single signal tends to be used to label all the instances within a category, c) all the individuals in the population tend to use the same signal to label the same category. Clark [7] has argued that principles similar to these govern the child s acquisition of the lexicon. According to these criteria, the language evolved by our population appears to be rather efficient. Similar results were obtained in the other replications of the simulation although different pairs of ....

Clark E. (1993). The lexicon in acquisition. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Presx

....(a) functionally distinct categories (in our case, edible and poisonous mushrooms) are labeled with distinct signals, b) a single signal tends to be used to label all the instances within a category, c) all the individuals in the population tend to use the same signal to label the same category. (Clark (1993) has argued that principles similar to these govern the child s acquisition of the lexicon. According to these criteria, the language evolved by our population appears to be rather efficient. Similar results were obtained in the other replications of the simulation although of course different ....

....to the principle of contrast (Clark, 1987) or of mutual exclusivity (Markman and Wachtel, 1988) that children rely on when they assign only one label per category. The fact that all individuals use the same signal for each category corresponds to the ontogenetic principle of conventionality (Clark, 1993). This correspondence between ontogenetic principles of language acquisition and phenomena of both language evolution and historical changes has been discussed by Clark (1993) For example, she compares the principle of contrast with Bral s law of linguistic differentiation. In his work on ....

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Clark, E. (1993). The lexicon in acquisition. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.

....vs. continuous imparting of force. At this point it is not clear whether the symbolic model could be extended to give a fully explicit account of semantic similarity, narrowrule formation and thus overgeneralization. In an alternative explanation for overgeneralization in the past tense, Clark (1993:103) proposes that an overregularized form such as goed may be used in the same period as a correct form such as went because the child has not yet recognized that went is a form of to go . Evidence for this position is that one also finds wents and wenting in children s speech. ....

Clark, E. V. (1993). The Lexicon in Acquisition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

....signals, b) a single signal 9 tends to be used to label all the instances within a category, c) all the individuals in the population tend to use the same signal to label the same category. Eve Clark argues that principles similar to these govern the child s acquisition of the lexicon. cf. Clark, 1993. According to these criteria, the language evolved by our population appears to be rather efficient. 4. Discussion We have seen that a population of simple artificial organisms living in a simple environment can evolve an efficient language with an informative function to help the ....

....to the principle of contrast (Clark, 1987) or of mutual exclusivity (Markman and Wachtel, 1988) that children rely on when they assign only one label per category. The fact that all individuals use the same signal for each category corresponds to the ontogenetic principle of conventionality (Clark, 1993). This correspondence between ontogenetic principles of language acquisition and phenomena of both language evolution and historical changes has been discussed by Eve Clark (1993) For example, she compares the principle of contrast with Breal s law of differentiation. In his work on historical ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

Clark, E. (1993). The lexicon in acquisition. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.

....example, Wanner and Gleitman (1982:12f) argue that children are predisposed to learn lexical compositional systems in which atomic elements of meaning, such as negation, are mapped to individual words. This leads to errors where languages, for example, mark negation morphologically. Similarly, Clark (1993) argues for a principle of contrast in lexical acquisition, suggesting that children hypothesize novel meanings for novel words, ignoring, at least initially, the hypothesis that a new word may be synonymous with a known one. This paper presents a model of the grammatical acquisition procedure in ....

Clark, Eve (1993) The Lexicon in Acquisition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

.... Brent, Computational Language Acquisition 2 knowledge of ever younger children (Golinkoff, Hirsh Pasek, Cauley, Gordon, 1987; Nelson, Jusczyk, Mandel, Myers, Turk, Gerken, 1995) At the same time, interest in the phonological, syntactic, and semantic aspects of the lexicon has grown (Clark, 1993; Gleitman Landau, 1994; Jusczyk, 1996) broadening a field in which morphological and syntactic rules had been the dominant focus. With the new methods and interests have come new theoretical approaches, including the class of theories known as bootstrapping hypotheses (Gleitman, 1990; Gleitman ....

Clark, E. V. (1993). The Lexicon in Acquisition. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

....by distinct signals, b) a single signal is used to label all the exemplars within a category, c) all the individuals in the population tend to use the same signals to label the same categories. Eve Clark argues that principles similar to these govern the child s acquisition of the lexicon. cf. Clark, 1993. Given this definition, the language evolved by our population appears to be rather efficient. 4. Discussion We have seen that a population of artificial organisms living in an environment can evolve an efficient language with an informative function to help the individuals to adapt to their ....

Clark, E. 1993. The lexicon in acquisition. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

....human languages. For example, Wanner and Gleitman (1982:12f) argue that children are predisposed to learn lexical compositional systems in which atomic elements of meaning are mapped to individual words. This leads to errors where languages, for example, mark negation morphologically. Similarly, Clark (1993) argues for a principle of contrast in lexical acquisition, suggesting that children hypothesize novel meanings for novel words, ignoring, at least initially, the hypothesis that a new word may be synonymous with a known one. How do sometimes inaccurate biases of this kind arise and how pervasive ....

Clark, E. (1993) The Lexicon in Acquisition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

....This uncertainty causes the introduction of ambiguity in the language which gets resolved in further interactions. 6. Context plays a role in disambiguation of a given sentence and may provide information to progressively disambiguate a word (a phenomenon also found in natural lexicon acquisition [4]) 7. Multiple word sentences emerge in order to disambiguate single words. The rest of the paper is in two parts. Part one presents the proposed mechanism formally and gives some examples. Part two discusses results. 2 The basic mechanism 2.1 Features We assume a set of agents A where each ....

Clark, E. (1990) The Lexicon in Acquisition.

....order in compounds is consistent with modifier head order in other constructions. For example, both casse noisette nutcracker and il casse les noisettes have head modifier order, where noisette is the modifier (and in the both cases, direct object patient) of the head verb, casse. Clark (1993) argues that consistency of head modifier ordering across both phrasal and morphological constructions determines in part the ease of complex word formation. I call this principle the Syntactic Consistency Hypothesis. It makes the prediction that learners of inconsistent languages, such as ....

....second language (L2) acquisition. 4.1 Child Language Studies The development of morphological competence and construction of the lexicon is a monumental task. Children have to be able to identify inflectional and derivational affixes in order to relate complex word forms based on the same root (Clark, 1993). This analysis of complex words into roots and affixes requires attention to morpheme order and morpheme combinations in the input 14 MSc Dissertation speech. Once children have developed a mapping between morpheme and meaning (e.g. s = plural ) they can use the newly discovered ....

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Clark, E. V. (1993). The Lexicon in Acquisition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

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Clark EV (1993) The Lexicon in Acquisition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

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