M. Kim and al. Multimedia documents with elastic time. In Third ACM Int Conf on Multimedia, San Francisco, Nov 1995.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....or shrunk away from optDuration. Shrinking and stretching can be achieved by altering rendition speed, skipping or repeating frames, showing only key frames, etc. However, their system did not 6 incorporate network level delays and constraints due to client or network resources. Kim and Song [18] extended Buchanan s concept of temporal elasticity. An elastic document has an additional freedom while being authored and browsed and this can be used to satisfy synchronization requirements or to meet intermedia constraints. Kim and Song, however, did not give a thorough mathematical analysis ....

M.Y. Kim and J. Song, "Multimedia documents with elastic time," ACM Multimedia Conference, 1995.

....largely focusing on the temporal dimension of documents. They allow the specification of the temporal composition of media objects either by absolute placements [14] by event based approaches [16] by the use of a hierarchy of temporal operators [19] by constraint based definitions [5] 11] [12], 2] or a combination of some of these methods [26] In constraint based environments, the author can describe the spatial and temporal organization of a document by setting constraints between basic or composite (group of) objects. These constraints can express some spatial and temporal ....

KIM M.Y. and SONG J., Multimedia Documents with Elastic Time, Proc. of the ACM 95 Multimedia Conference, pp. 143-154, San Francisco, November 1995.

....Scheduling, Synchronization, Uncertain durations, Dynamic formatting. 1. Introduction A multimedia presentation is a set of media objects rendered over a pre established temporal scenario. The different objects are presented according to predefined durations set at the authoring stage (Kim, 1995). This scenario is contained in a multimedia document defined by an author and remotely accessed by users spread over the internet. In such an environment, some objects behave in an indeterministic manner and their duration does not necessarily match the predefined values. Audio and video streams ....

....account while maintaining or at least remaining close to the scenario specified by the author. The later method requires some means to adjust the scenario according to the author s intent. The adjustment can be carried out by modifying the durations of some objects having some temporal flexibility (Kim, 1995). These modifications must be achieved in a non blocking manner that avoids the desynchronization of the presentation. Notice that event based synchronization, such as when A finishes, B must be stopped , do not require handling object durations and are therefore not considered hereafter. In ....

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Kim M., Song J., "Multimedia Documents with Elastic Time", Proceedings of the Third ACM International Conference on Multimedia, ACM Press, ed., pp. 143154, Polle Zellweger, San Francisco, Californie, 5-9 November 1995.

....relative to a timeline, where each element is given a start time and duration in absolute terms [24] In the multimedia literature, more advanced methods of specifying temporal information have been described. These include duration hierarchies [4] constraint based systems[9, 20] temporal glue [26, 21] and parallel sequential hierarchies [1, 26, 31, 30] A large number of models manage the complexity of the temporal speci cations by employing a form of hierarchical composition. 4 2.3 Spatial information Visual elements making up a presentation need to be presented on the screen, so that ....

M.Y. Kim and J. Song. Multimedia Documents with Elastic Time. In Proceedings of ACM Multimedia '95, pages 143-154, San Francisco CA, 1995.

....consistency, formal verification, RT LOTOS, internal and external nondeterminism. 2. Introduction Different models have been proposed in the literature to express temporal constraints [Allen 83] Wahl 94] but relatively few works have dealt with the analysis of temporal scenarios [Buchanan 93] Kim 95] Results from the artificial intelligence area, like the temporal CSP (Constraint Satisfaction Problem) Vidal 95] have been used within the multimedia area, with the purpose of expressing and analyzing time constraints [Layaida 97] The approach developed in this paper is different in the ....

Kim, M.Y.; Song, J. Multimedia Documents with Elastic Time. ACM Multimedia'95, Nov.1995

.... PRESENTATION AUTHORING SYSTEM MEDIATOR PRESENTATION CONTEXT MANAGER MANAGER SYNCHRONISATION OBJECTS MADEUS OBJECT MODEL VIEW PRESENTATION SCENARIO VIEW SCHEDULER MADEUS OBJECT LEVEL DOCUMENT MADEUS TEMPORAL MANAGER MANAGER SPATIAL HTSP Figure 1: Madeus architecture ffl ISIS [9], Madeus [6] TIEMPO [15] CHIMP [3] are constraint based environments ffl Mediadoc [8] HyperProp [11] and HPAS [18] are operational ones. It is clear that it is easier to build an authoring environment based on an operational approach than to do the same using a constraint based formalism. ....

KIM M.Y., SONG J., "Multimedia Documents with Elastic Time", Proc. of ACM 95 Multimedia Conference, pp. 143-154, San Francisco, November 1995.

.... instants, there are 3 mutually exclusive relationships, namely before ( simultaneous to ( and after ( 17] Few existing multimedia systems are solely based on point based specifications; Madeus [9] is purely based on Allen s interval relations; most other systems, such as CMIF [7] ISIS [11], OCPN [13] Firefly [5] and CHIMP [6] are based on a hybrid of the two approaches. Our temporal synchronization model, MRG, is also based on a hybrid of the interval based and point based approaches. Media objects are modeled as temporal intervals, and the start end times of the objects are ....

M.Y. Kim and J. Song. Multimedia Documents with Elastic Time. Proceedings of ACM Multimedia'93, pp. 143-154, August 1993.

....in a manner which is independent of any events or conditions occurring in the two items. The items, therefore, are to be regarded as indivisible. The taxonomy of binary relations between two temporal intervals introduced in Allen [All83] is well known, and has been used by a number of authors [JLSI97,KS95,Kin96,MHM96,SHT96]. We re introduce it here for completeness and as a means of introducing some of the components of the Mexitl notation. 2.1 Mexitl We will present only the briefest introduction to Mexitl , concentrating on those features needed in this paper. The reader is referred to [BCKT97a,BCKT97b] for ....

Michelle Y. Kim and Junehwa Song. Multimedia documents with elastic time. In ACM Multimedia, San Francisco, CA USA, pages 143--154, 1995. Revised version to appear in LNCS, Springer Verlag.

....contiguous temporal extent which corresponds to our document time. Runtime formatting takes interactive events into account, consistent with our definition of runtime. Although not explicitly discriminated, aspects of document time and runtime temporal constraints are also used in [1] 8] 16] [17]. Temporal constraints in HyTime typically relate to media element time and document time. Issues regarding rendering time and runtime can be addressed using application defined element types or marker functions [5] WHERE IS THE TIME In this section we look at the different types of ....

M.Y. Kim, J. Song (1995). Multimedia Documents with Elastic Time. In Proceedings: ACM Multimedia '95, San Francisco CA, 143-154.

.... instants, there are 3 mutually exclusive relationships, namely before ( simultaneous to ( and after ( 17] Few existing multimedia systems are solely based on point based specifications; Madeus [9] is purely based on Allen s interval relations; most other systems, such as CMIF [7] ISIS [11], OCPN [13] Firefly [5] and CHIMP [6] are based on a hybrid of the two approaches. Our temporal synchronization model, MRG, is also based on a hybrid of the interval based and point based approaches. Media objects are modeled as temporal inter a P before P a P a P P b P P P P P a a b a b ....

M.Y. Kim and J. Song. Multimedia Documents with Elastic Time. Proceedings of ACM Multimedia'93, pp. 143-154, August 1993.

....presentation research, I focus on fine grain integration of heterogeneous media streams as opposed to orchestration of heterogeneous document parts. Issues in specification and presentation of multimedia documents have been addressed in Firefly system [15] CMIF [14] and Isis s elastic time [52]. However, the focus of their work is on specification and enforcements of synchronization constraints among high level parts of a multimedia document. Synchronization at internal points among media segments is not their focus. In the work found on this dissertation, the focus has been placed on ....

....internal points during the streaming of a new media part (i.e. the session object) The mechanisms found in this dissertation can enhance authoring frameworks that are interested in supporting the streaming of re executable content media parts. Replay of heterogeneous media is addressed in Isis [52] and Firefly [15] through online (i.e. runtime) optimization. Their run time scheduling uses linear programming to merge a hard schedule (for time invariant streams) with relative, auxiliary schedules (for each asynchronous streams) Their run time schedule construction is input size dependent. ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

M.Y. Kim and J. Song. Multimedia documents with elastic time. In Proc. of ACM Multimedia '95, pages 143--154, San Francisco, CA, November 1995.

....which respects the temporal scenario. There is currently no agreement on the best way to handle these three points. Approaches based on the use of temporal axis, scripts, tree structures, timed petri nets or temporal constraints are proposed (see [7] for a survey on these approaches) As [3][9], the Opera Project has promoted a 1 IRIT Toulouse, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse. E mail: fargier irit.fr 2 Opera project, INRIA Rhone Alpes, 38330 montbonnot St Martin. E mail: fFirstname.Name inrialpes.frg 3 LGP ENIT, 47 av d Azereix, BP 1629, F 65016 Tarbes cedex. E mail: ....

....process: one never reaches the right temporal layout at the first stage. ffl The author being restricted to use basic Allen s constraints, the constraints resolution phase relies on efficient polynomial time algorithms. Simple temporal constraints satisfaction problems used in Madeus, as in [9] is a formalism that both presents the advantage to be equipped with efficient algorithms and to be rich enough to capture metric informations (typically, the durations of the tasks) and basic Allen s relations. Unfortunately, this framework, and more generally classical temporal constraints ....

Kim M. Y., Song J., "Multimedia Documents with Elastic Time", Proceedings of the Third ACM International Conference on Multimedia, ACM Press, ed., pp. 143-154, Polle Zellweger, San Francisco, California, 5-9 November 1995.

....schedule from the (flexible) temporal constraints specification. The retrieval schedule for a multimedia document presentation has to be derived based on the above four constraints. Related Work: Multimedia authoring and presentation schedule creation are studied by many researchers, such as [2, 5, 15, 16, 18, 19, 23]. Similarly, deriving retrieval schedules for distributed multimedia presentation has also been studied in many works, such as [18, 16, 25, 26, 27, 28, 32] In [18] the presentation schedule is based on Petri nets description of the temporal specification. This presentation schedule is fixed ....

M.Y. Kim and J. Song. (1995) Multimedia Documents with Elastic Time, ACM Multimedia 95.

....an entity can be rendered thanks to a presentation engine by means of the output channels of the computer (screen and speaker) The window on which a multimedia document is displayed (and on which the reader can interact) is further called the presentation view. Numerous works [3] 10] 18] [11], 8] see [9] for a survey of them) and even standards [19] 14] have been done for the definition of languages and formats of multimedia documents. They allow the specification of the temporal composition of media objects either by absolute placements [12] by event based approaches [14] by ....

....been done for the definition of languages and formats of multimedia documents. They allow the specification of the temporal composition of media objects either by absolute placements [12] by event based approaches [14] by the use of hierarchical operators [18] by constraint based definitions [11], 3] 8] or by a combination of some of them (e.g. SMIL [19] uses both hierarchical operators and event specifications) However, authors have often to be programmers because it is the only way for them to specify the complex synchronization of their documents (Lingo scripts in Director [12] ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

KIM M.Y., SONG J., "Multimedia Documents with Elastic Time", Proc. of the ACM 95 Multimedia Conference, pp. 143-154, San Francisco, November 1995.

....our ideas on querying images using attributes that are not of type string. While we have an expressive framework for the specification of spatial layout [10] we have not yet addressed the temporal layout of multimedia components within the virtual documents that are user specified (see for example [19, 29]) We also plan on conducting usability studies, which are of particular importance to applications intended for a large variety of users. Although the user interface is based on the one in [9] it must support a host of new features related to multimedia data types and distributed data. Our first ....

M. Y. Kim and J. Song. Multimedia Documents with Elastic Time. In The Third ACM International Multimedia Conference, pages 143--154, 1995.

....of multimedia authoring tools also addresses the problem of automatic synchronization, coordination constraints are explicitly stated by the presentation designer and scheduled at the media object level. The media objects could be audio, video segments, or graphics animations. For example, in [12], each media object is associated with a triple: maximum, minimum, and optimum length. The system is able to provide an optimal cost solution that can satisfy all the temporal constraints with fairness in distributing necessary stretching or shrinking across the media objects. Others (e.g. 4] ....

....they are specified at a more detailed level of representation. For example, temporal constraints are specified among words and phrases in speech and among displaying and highlighting in graphics. Media synchronization is controlled by the system at run time with much finer granularity. Although [12, 13] allow both qualitative and quantitative temporal constraints, they do not allow disjunctions among those constraints. While the constraint solver in [12] which is based on linear programming, is exponential in the worst case, the solver in [13] which allows flexible quantitative constraints, ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

M.Y. Kim and J. Song. Multimedia documents with elastic time. In Proc. ACM Multimedia '95, pages 143-- 154, San Francisco, CA, November 1995.

....the popularity of such multimedia applications, computer illiterate people must have direct access to multimedia document creation. That will also drastically reduce production cost of multimedia titles. Within the past decade, numerous research works (Cmifed [23] Firefly [4] HTSPN [21] Isis [13], Madeus [12] have presented various ways of specifying temporal scenarios, focusing on a particular understanding of temporal synchronization. Some standards have also been defined for covering temporal specification needs: HyTime [10] MHEG [15] and SMIL [30] are the most representative ....

Kim (M. Y.), Song (J.), "Multimedia Documents with Elastic Time", Proc. of the 3rd ACM Conf. on Multimedia, pp. 143-154, San Francisco, novembre 1995.

....and presenting complex multimedia documents. Such documents consist of media objects of various types and granularities that are organized into meaningful chunks; e.g. slide presentation or story consisting of multiple (and even simultaneous) images, text data, as well as video and audio clips [10, 20, 15, 22]. Two examples of such composite presentations and resulting variations in the data consumption rates are shown in Figures 1 and 2. The first example is a report of a swimming competition where in addition to the global view, small video windows containing close ups of the leaders are shown ....

....point and delivery rate of each atomic object in a presentation. 4 Figures 4 and 5 show the interactions of the JINSIL module (i.e. scheduler and prefetcher) with client and the server systems. The authoring system stores the structure of a presentation in a metafile (details can be found in [15, 22]) Upon receiving an user presentation request, the composite media player invokes JINSIL for generating an ODS, and for retrieving the specified multimedia objects. The JINSIL scheduler first generates a bandwidth profile for the requested presentation based on the document structure, and uses ....

M. Kim and J. Song, " Multimedia documents with elastic time", In ACM Multimedia Conference'95, 1995.

....this type of constraints. Many real time programming languages[10, 15, 13, 24] provide language constructs that allow the programmer to express difference constraints. Recently, difference constraints have also been proposed as a way of specifying the temporal behavior of multimedia applications[12, 3]. In multimedia applications, for example, the play duration of a multimedia object (an audio or video segment, for example) has minimum and maximum bounds. There may also be constraints on when different object s are to be played relative to each other. All of these constraints can be ....

.... D [4] PriorityQueue : OE [5] InsertHeap(PriorityQueue, v, 0) 6] while PriorityQueue = OE do [7] x, dist x) FindAndDeleteMin(PriorityQueue) 8] if D(u) length(u v) dist x D(x) then [9] if (y = u) then [10] Infeasible system: reject new constraint [11] remove edge u v from E [12] return false [13] else [14] D 0 (x) D(u) length(u v) dist x [15] for every vertex y in Succ(x) do [16] scaledPathLength : dist x (D(x) length(x y) Gamma D(y) 17] if (scaledPathLength KeyOf(PriorityQueue; y) 18] AdjustHeap(PriorityQueue, y, scaledPathLength) 19] fi [20] ....

M. Kim and J. Song. Multimedia documents with elastic time. In To appear in ACM Multimedia Conference'95, 1995.

....of optimal schedules with continuous bandwidth and delay tradeoffs in O(N ) time. 5 Bandwidth Constrained Scheduling of Scalable Multimedia Recently, numerous research activities have been reported integrating multimedia objects with varying timing requirements in a multimedia presentation [1, 2, 11]. Their main results were centered around the formal specification and modeling of multimedia composition and the development of synchronization tools such as the automatic scheduling of presentation times. A multimedia presentation may contain text, audio, video, graphics, where the objects are ....

M. Kim and J. Song. Multimedia Documents with Elastic Time. In Proceedings of ACM Multimedia '95, 1995.

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M. Kim and al. Multimedia documents with elastic time. In Third ACM Int Conf on Multimedia, San Francisco, Nov 1995.

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M. Y. Kim and J. Song. Multimedia documents with elastic time. In Third ACM International Conference on Multimedia, pages 143--154, San Fransisco, November 1995. ACM Press.

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M.Y. Kim and J. Song, "Multimedia Documents with Elastic Time," Proc. of ACM Multimedia 95, ACM Press, New York, Nov. 1995, pp. 143-154.

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KIM M.Y. and SONG J., "Multimedia Documents with Elastic Time", Proceedings of ACM Multimedia '95, pp. 143-154, 1995.

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