E Clementini, J Sharma, and M J Egenhofer, `Modeling topological spatial relations: strategies for query processing', Computers and Graphics, 18(6), 815--822, (1994).  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....reasoning [60, 62] and reasoning about spatio temporal changes [13, 61, 38] has also become of interest. One way to incorporate the notion of time into spatial representations would be to have some combination of spatial and temporal logics. There exists a variety of spatial formalisms [14, 49, 15, 42] and a wide spectrum of temporal languages [3, 25, 55] Effective reasoning procedures have been developed and implemented for temporal [40] as well as spatial formalisms [6, 51] For incorporation of time into space, the most logical step would be to have a combination of these two streams of ....

E Clementini, J Sharma, and M J Egenhofer, `Modeling topological spatial relations: strategies for query processing', Computers and Graphics, 18(6), 815--822, (1994).

....of dimensions. Other theories which introduce the notion of boundaries of regions explicitly include [166, 175, 152, 167] 4.2.2. Topology via n intersections An alternative approach to representing and reasoning about topological relations has been promulgated via a series of papers [57, 60, 58, 26, 61, 64]. Three sets of points are associated with every region its interior, boundary and complement. The relationship between any two region can be characterized by a 3x3 matrix 7 called the 9 intersection. Although it would seem 5 Note, however, that this task becomes almost trivial once the ....

Clementini, E., Sharma, J. and Egenhofer, M. J.: \Modeling topological spatial relations: strategies for query processing", Computers and Graphics, 18(6), 1994, pages 815-822.

....December 21, 1999 1 Introduction Qualitative representation and reasoning as a field within AI has been quite successful in dealing with both time and space. There exists a wide spectrum of temporal languages (see e.g. 1, 14, 32] There is a variety of spatial formalisms (e.g. [7, 9, 21, 26]) In both cases effective reasoning procedures have been developed and implemented (e.g. 20, 18, 25, 13, 2, 29] The next apparent and natural step would be to combine these two kinds of reasoning. The importance of such a step for both theory and applications is beyond any doubt. And of ....

E. Clementini, J. Sharma, and M.J. Egenhofer. Modeling topological spatial relations: strategies for query processing. Computers and Graphics, 18:815-- 822, 1994.

....introduce boundaries of regions explicitly (e.g. 119, 120, 125, 109] but which did not explicitly introduce dimensional reasoning. Topology via n intersections An alternative approach to representing and reasoning about topological relations has been promulgated via series of papers (e.g.[23, 39, 41, 41, 40, 46, 42]) In the most recent calculus three sets of points are associated with every region its interior, boundary and complement; the relationship between two regions can be characterized by a 3x3 matrix, 6 called the 9 intersection, each of whose elements denotes whether the intersection of the ....

E Clementini, J Sharma, and M J Egenhofer. Modeling topological spatial relations: strategies for query processing. Computers and Graphics, 18(6):815--822, 1994.

....This work was supported by the EPSRC under grant GR K65041. 1 relations shown in figure 1 as being of particular importance. The same set of relations has independently been identified as significant in the context of Geographical Information Systems (Egenhofer and Franzosa 1991, Egenhofer 1991, Clementini, Sharma and Egenhofer 1994). In English the relations can be described as: DisConnection, External Connection, Partial Overlap, Tangential Proper Part, Non Tangential Proper Part and Equality. Formal notations for these relations are given under the diagrams, The part relations, being asymmetric, have inverses denoted, R ....

Clementini, E., Sharma, J. and Egenhofer, M. J.: 1994, Modeling topological spatial relations: strategies for query processing, Computers and Graphics 18(6), 815--822.

....abstract to be useful as a basis for commonsense and qualitative reasoning about space whilst the latter goes too far in the other direction. What is needed, not only in AI (e.g. to provide a semantics for spatial expressions in Natural Language [1] but also in Geographical Information Systems [2] (e.g. to provide a basis for natural query languages) 1 There is no room here for a full survey or even an extensive bibiliography, but see [6] for a partial survey and bibliography. 2 are representations which allow extended spatial entities and the relations between them to be described at ....

E Clementini, J Sharma, and M J Egenhofer. Modeling topological spatial relations: strategies for query processing. Computers and Graphics, 18(6):815--822, 1994.

....October 21, 1999 1 Introduction Qualitative representation and reasoning as a field within AI has been quite successful in dealing with both time and space. There exists a wide spectrum of temporal languages (see e.g. 1, 14, 32] There is a variety of spatial formalisms (e.g. [7, 9, 21, 26]) In both cases effective reasoning procedures have been developed and implemented (e.g. 20, 18, 25, 13, 2, 29] The next apparent and natural step would be to combine these two kinds of reasoning. The importance of such a step for both theory and applications is beyond any doubt. And of ....

E. Clementini, J. Sharma, and M.J. Egenhofer. Modeling topological spatial relations: strategies for query processing. Computers and Graphics, 18:815-- 822, 1994.

....the refinement step is not needed (this happens only in the cases of disjoint and overlap) 1 2 3 4 5 7 6 10 9 8 11 12 13 1 2 3 4 5 7 6 10 9 8 11 12 13 1 2 3 4 5 7 6 10 9 8 11 12 13 1 2 3 4 5 7 6 10 9 8 11 12 13 disjoint overlap Fig. 6. 9 Configurations for which a refinement step is not needed Clementini et al. 1994) studied the use of MBR approximations in query processing involving topological relations. Furthermore, they defined a minimal subset of the nine intersections that can optimally determine the relation between the actual objects taking in account the frequency of the relations. Their findings can ....

Clementini, E., Sharma, J., Egenhofer, M. (1994) Modeling Topological Spatial Relations: Strategies for Query Processing. To appear in the International Journal of Computer and Graphics.

....refinement step is not needed (this happens only in the cases of disjoint and overlap) 12 1 2 3 4 5 7 6 10 9 8 11 12 13 1 2 3 4 5 7 6 10 9 8 11 12 13 1 2 3 4 5 7 6 10 9 8 11 12 13 1 2 3 4 5 7 6 10 9 8 11 12 13 disjoint overlap Fig. 12 Configurations for which a refinement step is not needed Clementini et al. 1994) studied the use of MBR approximations in query processing involving topological relations. Furthermore, they defined a minimal subset of the nine intersections that can optimally determine the relation between the actual objects taking in account the frequency of the relations. Their findings can ....

Clementini, E., Sharma, J., Egenhofer, M. (1994) Modeling Topological Spatial Relations: Strategies for Query Processing. To appear in the International Journal of Computer and Graphics.

....(e.g. Smith, 1993; 1996; Varzi, 1994; Randell and Cohn, 1989 ] but which did not explicitly introduce dimensional reasoning. Topology via n intersections An alternative approach to representing and reasoning about topological relations has been promulgated via a series of papers (e.g. Clementini et al. 1994; Egenhofer, 1989; Egenhofer and Franzosa, 1991; Egenhofer, 1994; Egenhofer and Franzosa, 1995; Egenhofer and Herring, 1994 ] In the most recent calculus, three sets of points are associated with every region its interior, boundary and complement; the relationship between two regions can be ....

E Clementini, J Sharma, and M J Egenhofer. Modeling topological spatial relations: strategies for query processing. Computers and Graphics, 6:815--822, 1994.

....inside constitute a subset of the 19 MBRs for covered by (see Table 2) Similarly the MBRs to be retrieved for consists of are the ones that are retrieved for cover. Therefore, the retrieval times for the ordinal relations in and consists of are the same as covered by and covers respectively. Clementini et al. 1994) studied the use of MBR approximations in query processing involving topological relations. Furthermore, they defined a minimal subset of the nine intersections that can optimally determine the relation between the actual objects taking in account the frequency of the relations. Their findings can ....

Clementini, E., Sharma, J., Egenhofer, M. (1994) Modeling Topological Spatial Relations: Strategies for Query Processing. To appear in the International Journal of Computer and Graphics.

.... can be used to solve practical problems involving spatial information can be found in [PS94] As a result, the formalization, representation and processing of spatial relations has become important for user interfaces and query optimization strategies in Geographic Information Systems [Fran95] [CSE95]. The significance of spatial relations has also been pointed out by a number of researchers in Spatial and Image Databases, PFK94] SYH94] The most common types of spatial relations that have been used in geographic applications include topological, direction and distance relations. ....

Clementini, E., Sharma, J., Egenhofer, M., "Modeling Topological Spatial Relations: Strategies for Query Processing", to appear in the International Journal of Computer and Graphics, 1995.

.... relations can be used to solve practical problems involving spatial information can be found in [PS94] As a result, the formalization, representation and processing of spatial relations has become important for user interfaces and query optimization strategies in Geographic Information Systems [PS95, CSE94]. The significance of spatial relations has also been pointed out by a number of researchers in Spatial and Image Databases, PFK94, SYH94] The most common types of spatial relations that have been used in geographic applications include topological, direction and distance relations. Yannis ....

Clementini, E., Sharma, J., Egenhofer, M., "Modeling Topological Spatial Relations: Strategies for Query Processing", International Journal of Computer and Graphics, 18(6), 815-822.

....declared as AMORPHOUS and at runtime (i.e. while evaluating the query) the actual class would be assigned to it. 3. 1 Query Processing For an object oriented and distributed system the strategies used for processing a query are entirely different from those used in conventional database systems [Egenhofer 94] There are two ways in which the queries may be processed. The naive approach is by gathering all the required objects from relevant sites and then proceeding to solve the query. A better approach is by sending some extra information along with the data request to the remote site so that the ....

ELISEO CLEMENTINI, JAYANT SHARMA, MAX EGENHOFER, Modeling Topological spatial Relations : Strategies for Query Processing, To appear in Computers and Graphics , Special Issue on Modeling of Spatial Data.

....and Equality (EQ) The relations are shown in Figure 1. The proper part relations, being asymmetric, have inverses denoted Ri. The same relation set 2 has independently been identified as significant in the context of Geographical Information Systems (Egenhofer and Franzosa 1991, Egenhofer 1991, Clementini, Sharma and Egenhofer 1994). Any pair of regions is related by exactly one of the relations in RCC 8 (we say that such a relation set is Jointly Exhaustive and Pairwise Disjoint JEPD) Certain disjunctions of these relations are also useful in describing spatial configurations in more general terms: for instance two ....

Clementini, E., Sharma, J. and Egenhofer, M. J.: 1994, Modeling topological spatial relations: strategies for query processing, Computers and Graphics 18(6), 815--822.

....among the same objects. For example, according to the previous definitions it is not possible to have p strong north q and p touch q in the same array. A discussion about the topological information that bounding rectangles convey about the actual objects that they enclose can be found in (Clementini et al. 1994). 5.2 Discussion about the Representation of Topological Relations Using Representative Points As in the case of direction relations, the topological resolution of symbolic spatial indexes can be increased or decreased to match the representation and processing goals of a given application ....

Clementini, E., Sharma, J., Egenhofer, M. (1994) Modeling Topological Spatial Relations: Strategies for Query Processing. To appear in the International Journal of Computer and Graphics.

....Geographical Information Systems (GIS) Despite the fact that directions constitute an important class of user queries, they have not been studied extensively in spatial access methods. Query processing and optimisation techniques have mainly focused on window queries [15] topological relations [4, 28] and nearest neighbour queries [32] The main reason for this, is the lack of universally accepted definitions; unlike topology where it seems to exist a set of widely accepted relations [7, 8] there is no such a set of directions. Various types of direction relations have been used to match ....

E. Clementini, J. Sharma, and M.J. Egenhofer, Modeling Topological Spatial Relations: Strategies for Query Processing, Int. J. of Computer and Graphics, 18(6) 815-822, 1994.

.... (Vieu 1991) which tend to be predominantly qualitative rather than quantitative (consider prepositions such as in , on and through ) 1 Another large and growing application area is Geographical Information Systems (GIS) there is a need for qualitative spatial query languages for example (Clementini, Sharma and Egenhofer 1994) and for navigation (Schlieder 1993) Other applications include specifying the syntax and semantics of Visual Programming languages (Gooday and Cohn 1995, Gooday and Cohn 1996b, Haarslev 1995) This paper is devoted largely to presenting one particular formalism for QSR, the RCC 2 calculus ....

Clementini, E., Sharma, J. and Egenhofer, M. J.: 1994, Modeling topological spatial relations: strategies for query processing, Computers and Graphics 18(6), 815--822.

.... (GIS) created the need to answer queries involving direction (and other spatial) relations (e.g. find all major cities northeast of Boston in New England ) This has motivated a significant amount of research on Reasoning (Smith and Park, 1992; Egenhofer and Sharma, 1993) Query Processing (Clementini et al. 1994; Papadias et al. 1995) and Spatial Query Languages (Roussopoulos et al. 1988; Egenhofer, 1994, Papadias and Sellis, 1995) A number of relation based systems have been proposed for the representation of direction relations. Chang et al. 1987) designed the 2D strings for iconic indexing in ....

Clementini, E., Sharma, J., Egenhofer, M. "Modeling Topological Spatial Relations: Strategies for Query Processing". International Journal of Computer and Graphics, vol. 18 (6), pp. 815-822, 1994.

.... are implementations in commercial systems such as Intergraph (MGE, 1993) and Oracle MD (Keighan, 1993) Furthermore, the relations of m t2 have been influential in assessing the consistency of topological information in spatial databases (Egenhofer and Sharma, 1993) query optimisation strategies (Clementini et al. 1995) and Spatial Reasoning (Grigni et al. 1995) This paper is concerned with the retrieval of the topological relations of m t2 using spatial data structures based on Minimum Bounding Rectangles (MBRs) In particular we concentrate on R trees and their variations. Section 2 illustrates the possible ....

....step is not needed (this happens only in some of the cases for disjoint and overlap) 1 2 3 4 5 7 6 10 9 8 11 12 13 1 2 3 4 5 7 6 10 9 8 11 12 13 1 2 3 4 5 7 6 10 9 8 11 12 13 1 2 3 4 5 7 6 10 9 8 11 12 13 disjoint overlap Fig. 9 Configurations for which a refinement step is not needed Clementini et al. 1995) studied the use of MBR approximations in query processing involving topological relations. Furthermore, they defined a minimal subset of the nine intersections that can optimally determine the relation between the actual objects taking into account the frequency of the relations. Their findings ....

Clementini, E., Sharma, J., Egenhofer, M. (1995) Modeling Topological Spatial Relations: Strategies for Query Processing. To appear in the International Journal of Computer and Graphics.

.... (1993) provide methods for detecting topological inconsistencies in spatial databases using constraint satisfaction algorithms (a survey of related work which also includes directions can be found in Hernandez 1994) Reasoning techniques have also 3 been applied for spatial query processing (Clementini et al. 1994; Papadias et al. 1995) pictorial query languages (Egenhofer, 1994; Papadias and Sellis, 1995) and relation based similarity retrieval (Lee et al. 1992; Nabil et al. 1996) 1 . The bulk of work on direction reasoning about extended objects, deals with projection based object approximations and ....

Clementini, E., Sharma, J., Egenhofer, M. "Modeling Topological Spatial Relations: Strategies for Query Processing". International Journal of Computer and Graphics, vol. 18 (6), pp. 815-822, 1994.

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