| V. F. Russo. An object-oriented operating system. PhD thesis, published as UIUCDCS--R--91--1640. Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, January 1991. |
....the implementation of these improvements, removing the complicated task of instrumenting the OS with the necessary hooks to do reconfiguration on a case by case basis. K42 is not the first operating system to use an object oriented design. Object oriented designs have helped with organization [27, 47], extensibility [11] reflection [54] persistence [15] and decentralization [1, 51] In addition, K42 s method of detecting a quiescent state is not unique. Sequent s NUMAQ used a similar mechanism for detecting quiescent state [37] and recently, SuSE Linux 7.3 has integrated a mechanism for ....
V. F. Russo. An object-oriented operating system. PhD thesis, published as UIUCDCS--R--91--1640. Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, January 1991.
....Architecture of CHEOPS CHEOPS in an ongoing research project at the Chemnitz University of Technology. Its main focus is directed to improve the adaptability and adaptation management of operating systems. To achieve static adaptability, as well as other operating systems (e.g. Choices[Rus91]) the CHEOPS kernel was designed as an object oriented framework. Thereby, a high degree of abstraction and reusabilty at design and implementation level could be reached. To support the fine grained dynamic adaptability of the kernel, the class object architecture was developed. The basic idea ....
V. F. Russo. An Object-Oriented Operating System. PhD thesis, University of Illinois, 1991.
....to load and remove complete system services. Fine grained adaptations are not supported. The object oriented software development has been widely accepted as a powerful method to develop complex and adaptable software systems. Object oriented frameworks like PEACE [10] Tigger [2] or Choices [9] can be used to manufacture tailored 1 CHEOPS Chemnitz Operating System. operating systems. A persistent part of such a framework describes the basic properties of the operating system by the definition of its main components, their properties and the relations between them. Modifiable parts ....
Russo, V. F.: An Object-Oriented Operating System. PhD Thesis, University of Illinois, 1991.
....for arbitrary pages in the address space. 171 External Memory Management We envision an external memory management mechanism that allows user level code to control various memory management operations such as paging, address mapping, etc. Some operating systems such as Mach [BKLL93] Choices [Rus91] and Chorus [ARG89] already provide some form of external memory management. Mach allows user level tasks to act as external pagers that fully control the use of memory within the process address space. A pager may control all or part of the address space and multiple pagers can coexist, each ....
V. F. Russo. An Object-Oriented Operating System. PhD thesis, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign-Urbana, Illinois, January 1991.
....to time slicing preemption. Therefore ApplicationProcesses and PreemptableSystemProcesses, both of which are time sliced, have lesser priority than InterruptProcesses and SystemProcesses. 2.1.2. 3 Application Interface to the Kernel An application may access kernel services through an ObjectProxy [Rus90] for a kernel object. An ObjectProxy is a dummy object that resides in a read only portion of the application s Domain. Proxies for common system objects are created for an application when it first starts up. An example is a NameServer proxy for looking up objects in the system. The proxy uses ....
V. F. Russo. An Object-Oriented Operating System. PhD thesis, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 1990.
....game console, the most efficient solution is to tailor the operating system statically to the requirements 2 1 INTRODUCTION it has to face. These systems are best manufactured using object oriented frameworks. This way whole families of operating systems come into existence. Examples are Choices [Rus91, CIRM93], PEACE [SP93, BBC 96] and Tigger [CHJ 94] Being custom made by the manufacturer they need no, or at least less adjusting of configuration and tuning parameters. Statically tailored systems, however, do not address the market segment of today s universal operating systems. A commercial ....
V. F. Russo. An object-oriented operating system. PhD thesis, University of Illinois, 1991.
....that of thread migration. Both are efficient methods to move threads between protection domains and both raise important thread control issues. Libraries map better to objects than do processes, so they should make it easier to build high level frameworks for system service implementations [16] [15], 4] Also, PSLs have the ability to make memory access thread specific. This makes them ideally suited to implement application extensible operating system services. Designers of such systems must address three major issues: Scope Which clients are effected by a change .Safety Is an ....
Russo V., An Object-Oriented Operating System, Ph.D. Dissertation, Dept. of Computer Science, Univ. of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, 1990.
....the combined acquire and release lock, and the combined non blocking semaphore P and V kernel level performance times appear in table 8.2. 8.1. 6 Application Operating System Interface Choices provides an object oriented application interface to the operating system, which uses the ObjectProxy [Rus91] to represent kernel objects and extend inheritance to application programs. The ObjectProxy contains the kernel address of the kernel object that is represented by the ObjectProxy. The specific kernel address may already be used on the new host. The system cannot use the existing ObjectProxy ....
Russo. An Object Oriented Operating System. PhD thesis, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1991.
....a set of components that can be combined to support different models of parallel programming [3] 2. 1 Design Philosophy Choices has, as its kernel, a dynamic collection of C objects [5] System resources, mechanisms, and policies are represented as objects that belong to a class hierarchy [7]. The object oriented application interface has a name server that implements inheritance and polymorphism and provides access to system services, local and remote servers, and persistent objects. In the Choices design, a conceptual framework subsumes the conventional organization of an operating ....
....interface has a name server that implements inheritance and polymorphism and provides access to system services, local and remote servers, and persistent objects. In the Choices design, a conceptual framework subsumes the conventional organization of an operating system as a group of layers [7, 2]. The framework for the system provides generalized components and constraints to which the specialized subframeworks must conform. 2.2 Current Implementations Choices is most properly viewed as an operating system schema whose instantiations contain varying fractions of the code base. All ....
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Russo, V. F. An Object-Oriented Operating System. PhD thesis, University of Illinois at UrbanaChampaign, Department of Computer Science, Oct. 1990.
....used to realize certain recovery strategies. Thus, we conclude that this approach is inadequate. 3.2 External Pagers Another mechanism that can be used to realize virtual memory mapped database recoverability is the external pager facility provided by some operating systems. The Mach [23] Choices [24,25] and Chorus [26] operating systems provide such a facility. An external pager is a data server for pages of data objects which have been mapped into virtual memory. It is a user level, application defined task and it services the operating system kernel by providing and writing out pages at the ....
Russo, V.F. An Object-Oriented Operating System, Ph.D. dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, January 1991.
.... The decision to use this language was influenced by the availability of C Compilers for a lot of hardware platforms and its suitability for constructing efficient systems, as have been shown by a lot of implementations in the field of system software and operating systems (e.g. Choices [Russo91]) To avoid direct acces to objects (to achieve location transparency) and based on the idea to use the C calling mechanism for virtual methods to implement our alternative object invocation mechanism we have decided to make some restrictions to the used language. Especially no public data ....
Russo, V.F.: An Object-Oriented Operating System. Thesis, University of Illinois, 154p., 1991.
....attained more interest when the Interviews [Linton et al. 89] and ET [Weinand et al. 89] user interface frameworks were developed and became available. Frameworks are not limited to user interface framework but have been defined for many other domains as well, such as operating systems [Russo 90] and fire alarm systems [Molin 96b, Molin Ohlsson 96] With the formation of Taligent in 1992, frameworks attained interest in larger communities. Taligent set out to develop a completely object oriented operating system based on the framework concept. The company delivered a set of tools for ....
. V. F. Russo, `An Object-Oriented Operating System,' PhD thesis, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, October 1990.
....inheritance and specialization to match the specific concurrency requirements of applications. 2.1 Design Philosophy Choices has, as its kernel, a dynamic collection of C objects. System resources, mechanisms, and policies are represented as objects that belong to a class hierarchy [10]. The object oriented application interface has a name server that implements inheritance and polymorphism and provides access to system services, local and remote servers, and persistent objects. In the Choices design, a conceptual framework subsumes the conventional organization of an operating ....
....Configuration Several pragmatic issues arose when adapting the SPLASH codes for execution on Choices . First, the Choices application programming interface does not support system calls in the traditional sense; instead, the system supports requests for operating system services via proxies [10, 12], C interfaces to the system software that allow interaction with objects that are not in the same protection domain. More significantly, the model of parallelism used in the Argonne Parmacs package (i.e. multiple, heavyweight, Unix style processes) differs from the native, shared memory ....
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Russo, V. F. An Object-Oriented Operating System. PhD thesis, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Computer Science, Oct. 1990.
....shared library services (or even separate server processes) may not be enough for building truly flexible systems. The need for higher order structures such as language based classes and object frameworks has been effectively noted by several recent efforts at building flexible systems [2] 7] [16] [17] 19] 20] This dependence on objects and frameworks is also visible in many industry standards [12] 13] relating to application software. It is in such higher order organizational structures that some of the advantages of shared libraries over the server process model may be realized. It ....
....1994 7:43 pm [12]The Common Request Broker: Architecture and Specification, OMG Document No. 13]OLE 2.0: Specification, Microsoft Press, 1992. 14] 91.12.1, Object Management Group, Framingham, MA. 15]Organick E. The Multics System: An Examination of its Structure, The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. [16]V. Russo, An Object Oriented Operating System, Ph.D. Dissertation, Dept. of Computer Science, Univ. of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL. 17]D. Schmidt, The ADAPTIVE Communication Environment, Proc. 11th Sun User Group Conf. San Jose, CA. 18]Waldo J. Personal Communications. 19]Y. ....
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V. Russo, An Object-Oriented Operating System, Ph.D. Dissertation, Dept. of Computer Science, Univ. of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL.
....improvements in process context switching. Section 7 describes improvements in process creation. Section 8 describes the impact of these process support changes on a TCP communications application. 2 The Process The Choices design reifies the process concept as an object of class Process [14]. As there is considerable variation in the terminology and composition of the active element within the operating system community, we briefly define the Choices process. The Process object acts as a repository of information on the resource usage by that specific process. Descriptions of the ....
Russo. An Object Oriented Operating System. PhD thesis, University of Illinois at UrbanaChampaign, 1991.
....(i.e. classes, policies, and attributes) are easily added while potentially maintaining a uniform kernel interface (e.g. when not adding any new kernel classes) 92, 147] 4. 8 Choices The operating system family called Choices (Class Hierarchical Open Interface for Custom Embedded Systems) [46, 47, 199, 200, 203, 155] is part of the Embedded Operating System (EOS) project at the University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign. The Choices kernel is implemented on a 10 processor Encore Multimax multiprocessor using the C language. Choices is an example of a customizable operating system that can be tailored for a ....
....asynchronous mechanisms generated by hardware (handled by event mechanism in germs) or by software (kernel provided) 2. Traps: Traps, generated by an executing thread, are handled by kernel provided or user provided trap handler objects. 4. 9 Renaissance Renaissance [202] a successor of Choices [47, 199, 200, 203] operating system, is currently under development at Purdue University. It extends the ideas of Choices into a distributed object environment. The goal of Renaissance is to provide transparent access to remote objects that are distributed throughout a network of machines. Renaissance is an ....
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V. F. Russo. An Object-Oriented Operating System. PhD thesis, Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1991.
....a set of single board computers without having local disks, however, it does not provide any safe mechanisms for creating a periodic thread and avoiding priority inversion problems. Several operating systems use object oriented techniques to enhance the flexibility of the systems. In Choice[14], C is used to make the structure of kernel clear. Scheduling policies are also implemented as C objects so that a policy can be changed easily. However, Choice does not support the integration of scheduler and synchronization for avoiding priority inversion. X kernel[6] and Ficus[4] also use ....
V.F.Russo, "An Object-Oriented Operating System", Ph.D Thesis, University of Illinois at UrbanaChampaign, 1990
....in an object oriented manner (for Instance written in C ) But this structure has been lost during building the system. So applications can only use any traditional structured interface to operating system services and can t use the benefits of the object oriented structure (i.e. Choices [Russo91]) A different approach was to structure the operating system in traditional manner and to offer an object oriented development and runtime enviroment to applications (i.e. NextStep) Jobs93] For maintenance of operation system services or for reconfiguring the operating system, we can t use ....
Russo,V.F.: 'An Object-Oriented Operating System', Thesis, University of Illinois, 154p., 1991.
....is provided by server processes, 4. the multi level approach: the integration of application and system levels within a homogeneous, recursively structured architecture of multiple levels of instances and infrastructures in a running system. Examples for these approaches are: 1. Choices [Russo91], which is implemented as a framework of C classes. It was developed at the University of Illinois. Applications use services of the system by creating instances of system classes (e.g. files) and accessing them by their methods. A proxy mechanism is used to cross the user system barrier. This ....
Russo,V.F.: 'An Object-Oriented Operating System', Ph.D. Thesis, University of Illinois, 154p., 1991.
.... decision to use this language was influenced by the following advantages: ffl C compilers and appropriate development tools (e.g. class browsers) are available for a lot of hardware platforms, ffl a lot of implementations in the field of system software and operating systems (e.g. Choices [Russo91]) have been done in C and show its suitability for constructing efficient systems. Dynamic adaptability in CHEOPS is based on adding, removing or exchanging classes and objects. Adding and removing classes have to be done by dynamic linking and relinking within the running system. To be able to ....
Russo, V.F.: An Object-Oriented Operating System. Thesis, University of Illinois, 154p., 1991.
.... Dublin (Part of Tigger [Zimmermann94] Zimmermann95] and AEON project [Gowing] Gowing95] University of Tokyo (CodA [McAffer95a] McAffer95b] McAffer93 ] University of Utah (OMOS [Orr92] object meta object server of the Flex (Mach4) project) Whereas the Tigger project (like Choices [Russo91], Campbell93] focuses on building a framework for the development of statically tailored distributed operating systems, Apertos, as we do, focuses on dynamic adaptation. Other than Apertos, we propose fine grained adaptation, which may be scaled using the notion of object groups and is ....
Russo, V. F.: 'An Object-Oriented Operating System'. PhD Thesis, University of Illinois, 1991.
....are useful tools to structure large scale systems. Using objects makes the structure of systems clear, provides us extensibility and makes the maintenance of software easy. Operating systems can also be written by object oriented languages. Several operating systems like Chorus[13] and Choice[14] use objectoriented languages to write operating system kernels, but the internal structuring does not contribute to the modularity of applications because these kernels do not provide object oriented abstraction to application programmers. In COOL[9] and SOS[16] object oriented interface is ....
V.F.Russo, "An Object-Oriented Operating System", Ph.D Thesis, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
....provided by servers, the Choices API permits the set of functions and services that are available to an application to be dynamic and uniformly accessible. Proxy objects are local representatives of remote objects in a distributed system[10] The Choices API mechanism is built using proxy objects[2, 9]. In distributed Choices, proxy objects represent other objects that cannot be accessed directly from an application. Proxy objects provide indirection and late, run time binding. A method invocation on a proxy results in a corresponding method invocation on the object it represents. A ....
....be created using the C new operator. Dykstra shows how the proxy interface can be used to extend a Choices class hierarchy by subclassing kernel classes in user space[2] 3. 1 Proxy objects Applications invoke a method on a kernel object by invoking the corresponding method on its ObjectProxy [9]. Messages sent to an ObjectProxy are forwarded to the corresponding kernel object. ObjectProxys are dynamically created by the kernel during name server lookup of the kernel object and are protected by allocating them in application read only memory. An ObjectProxy shares a virtual function table ....
Vincent F. Russo. An Object-Oriented Operating System. PhD thesis, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, January 1991.
.... Dublin (Part of Tigger [Zimmermann94] Zimmermann95] and AEON project [Gowing] Gowing95] University of Tokyo (CodA [McAffer95a] McAffer95b] McAffer93] University of Utah (OMOS [Orr92] object meta object server of the Flex (Mach4) project) Whereas the Tigger project (like Choices [Russo91] Campbell93] focuses on building a framework for the development of statically tailored distributed operating systems, Apertos, as we do, focuses on dynamic adaptation. Other than Apertos, we propose fine grained adaptation, which may be scaled using the notion of object groups and is ....
Russo, V. F.: An Object-Oriented Operating System. PhD Thesis, University of Illinois, 1991.
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V. F. Russo. An object-oriented operating system. PhD thesis, published as UIUCDCS--R--91--1640. Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, January 1991.
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