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Guha, R.V.: Contexts: a formalization and some applications. MCC Technical Report ACT-CYC-423-91, Stanford (USA) December 1991. 25

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Context in Artificial Intelligence: I. A Survey of the literature - Brézillon   (Correct)

....component s behavior so that the component can be reused and shared. The context mechanism was introduced into the CYC system in May 1990 to simplify the construction of the commonsense knowledge base. In November 1991, CYC contains over 1. 5 million sentences and covers a wide range of phenomena [34]. Contexts are considered as rich objects in a first order framework, extending the logic as required [38] The basic change is that formulas are not just true or false; formulas are true or false in a context. This permits us to make statements about contexts, although they cannot be completely ....

....plays an important role. In linguistics, Rcanati [48] proposes to represent a linguistical meaning as a formula where a number of variables are instantiated in context by assigning them a value. Among the other approaches of context management in rule based formalism, there are: the lifting rules [34], the bridging rules [29] the pragmatic rules [28] the ripple down rules [20] 3.3 Other representations of context There are several theoretical approaches (other than those described before) that consider explicitly or not context. Most of these approaches try to represent context (i.e. ....

Guha, R.V.: Contexts: a formalization and some applications. MCC Technical Report ACT-CYC-423-91, Stanford (USA) December 1991. 25


Knowledge Acquisition and Explanation for Diagnosis in.. - Brézillon.. (1994)   (Correct)

....in explanation and in their monolithic rather than incremental knowledge acquisition. Mechanisms for extending them for incremental knowledge acquisition are described in section 5.0. It is also interesting to note that in currently published literature [Giunchiglia 93; McCarthy 93; Lesprance 93; Guha 91] some context formalisms based on first order logic are presented but are too simple to adequately cover the problems of knowledge representation in developing real world complex systems such as JETA or SEPT. These formalisms also concentrate on the movement of one context to another with some ....

Guha R.V., Contexts: A formalization and some applications, MCC Technical Report ACT-CYC-423-91, December 1991.


Context in Artificial Intelligence: II. Key elements of contexts - Brézillon   Self-citation (Contexts)   (Correct)

....specializing the subject matter, by making assumptions and by specializing to the context of a conversation. Creating a context from existing contexts, it is possible to establish a hierarchy of contexts where a formula relating two contexts involving contextual assumptions is itself in a context [21]. The interest of a context hierarchy is that, working on an object in one context, something may be derived about that object in another context. The two contexts may use different vocabularies, and the treatment of the object may be easier in one context than another. Entering (and exiting) a ....

....object s description. It enables a simulator to import messages into a description. The export rules allow encapsulated information to be taken outside the context of an object. This permits to provide focus to speed up problem solving behavior and a context for the interactions with the system [21]. The new information then could be combined with the previous description to form the updated description [31] However, there is a compromise to find between the cost and the utility of a context: Context analysis must be less time consuming than the brought improvement [14] Adding a new ....

Guha, R.V.: Contexts: a formalization and some applications. MCC Technical Report ACT-CYC-423-91, December 1991.


CYC: A Large-Scale Investment in Knowledge Infrastructure - Lenat (1995)   (139 citations)  Self-citation (Lenat)   (Correct)

....generate a caption for each message, and then have the user verify the caption (and edit, if necessary) The captions could also be used for retrieving relevant past messages. CYC could also support such applications as direct marketing, smart corporate yellow pages, and machine translation [4]. In our 1994 article in Communications, we detailed the most well developed CYC applications, including semantic retrieval of captioned images [1] Conclusions By codifying commonsense knowledge, we have in effect been automating the white space in documents. We addressed this task reluctantly, ....

D. B. Lenat and R. V. Guha. Ideas for Applying Cyc. MCC Technical Report ACT-CYC-407-91. December, 1991.

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