Weyuker, E., Goradia, T., Singh, A. Automatically generating test data from a Boolean specification. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, Vol. 20, No. 5, May 1994, pp. 353--363.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....Then a computer program is tested as a black box and testing results are compared with the oracle data. Using RC DC during specification based testing could allow revealing not only accidental single errors in logical expressions (like Operator Reference Fault, Variable Negation Fault, etc. [52]) but also more general errors. One of the possible examples is mistaken using a different specification when the specification for one mode of a computer system is used by mistake for another mode. Consider an example when RC DC reveals such error while MC DC fails to do it. Let the correct ....

Weyuker, E., Goradia, T., and Singh, A. Automatically Generating Test Data from a Boolean Specification. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, Volume 20, Issue 5, May 1994, pp. 353--363

....exist (e.g. large ranges of numerical values) is to use a statistical method to select test sequences. Another alternative is to select test sequences systematically by further case splitting. To determine which particular test sequences to select, a method like that of Weyuker and her colleagues [24] may be useful. Finally, we plan to use the suite of test sequences that our tool generates from a given SCR requirements specification to test a real software implementation. Acknowledgments We are grateful to M. Archer, R. Jeffords, D. Mandrioti, and the anonymous referees for their ....

E. Weyuker, T. Goradia, and A. Singh. Automatically generating test data from a boolean specification. IEEE Trans. on Softw. Eng., 20:353-363, May 1994.

....can also provide selection criteria to choose, among all possible system behaviors, an adequate test suite. Normally a selection criterion introduces some algorithms or techniques to actually generate test sequences from formal specifications [Blackburn et al. 1997, Gargantini and Heitmeyer 1999, Weyuker et al. 1994] In this paper, we focus on ASM based testing, and tackle several issues in this topic. In particular, we attempt to solve the challenging problem concerning the exploitation of ASMs for defining and implementing methods for generating test suites from high level specifications [Borger ....

....activity, they still need to define some coverage criteria. 10 Future Work As future work we plan to define more powerful coverage criteria, for example some criteria defined in [O#utt and Liu 1999, O#utt et al. 1999] missing condition coverage [Kuhn 1999] the meaningful impact strategy [Weyuker et al. 1994], and the complete condition coverage. These criteria are adequate to discover greater classes of errors (e.g. missing or wrong conditions inside guards) We want to investigate the use of test suites generated by our method for conformance testing. To drive real programs with the inputs of a ....

Weyuker, E., Goradia, T., and Singh, A. (1994). Automatically generating test data from a Boolean specification. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 20(5):353--363.

....Detection Capability of Specification Based Testing D. Richard Kuhn National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899 8970 USA Some varieties of specification based testing rely upon methods for generating test cases from predicates in a software specification [1] [2] [3] 4] 5] 6] 7] These methods derive various test conditions from logic expressions, with the aim of detecting different types of faults. Some authors have presented empirical results on the ability of specification based test generation methods to detect failures [1] 2] 7] 8] This paper ....

....specification [1] 2] 3] 4] 5] 6] 7] These methods derive various test conditions from logic expressions, with the aim of detecting different types of faults. Some authors have presented empirical results on the ability of specification based test generation methods to detect failures [1] [2] [7] 8] This paper describes a method for computing the conditions that must be covered by a test set for the test set to guarantee detection of the particular fault class. It is shown that there is a coverage hierarchy to fault classes that is consistent with, and may therefore explain, ....

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E. Weyuker, T. Goradia, and A. Singh. Automatically generating test data from a boolean specification. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 20(5), 1994.

....Work Several rigorous methods exist [5, 6, 8] for testing untimed systems in a black box fashion. These methods differ in the choice of formalism used to specify the requirements, and the techniques used to generate test cases from the formal specification. Weyuker s test generation method [23] uses boolean propositions to specify the requirements. Donat [8] has extended Weyuker s method by using predicate logic to state the requirements. Kirani [13] has used BNF notation for the same purpose. These three notations lack the expressive power needed to formally specify the different ....

E Weyuker, T Goradia, A Singh. Automatically generating test data from a boolean specification. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 1994; 20(5):353-363

....both positive and negative values should be tried, with the rest of the values set so that the outcome depends on the value of the tested variable. Weyuker et al. argue that this strategy does not allow any invisible faults , that is, the accidental negation of some value cannot go undetected [18]. 2.1.4 Event driven test generation Event driven and state driven test generation are very closely related. Events create changes in the state of the system, while the state machine requires events to trigger the transitions. Event driven test generation is usually used in testing communicating ....

Elaine Weyuker, Tarak Goradia, and Ashutosh Singh. Automatically generating test data from a boolean specication. IEEE Trans. Software Eng., 20(5):353-363, May 1994.

....et al. 94, Du Bois et al. 97] 2.5. Obtaining specifications that are well suited for design and implementation activities This is the problem of building into the specification qualities that will ensure successful software development. Sometimes designs [Lor Berry 91] or test cases [Weyuker et al. 94] can be generated automatically or semi automatically from a specification. Designs can also be checked for consistency with the specification [Lefering 92] 3. Problems of managing evolution of systems and families of systems The first two major topics treat requirements engineering as if it ....

Elaine Weyuker, Tarak Goradia, and Ashutosh Singh. Automatically generating test data from a boolean specification. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering XX(5):353-363, May 1994.

....formal functional specifications. Then a small case study of these criteria is discussed, and finally conclusions and current and future work are presented. 2 Approaches to Specification based Testing The research literature reports on specific tools for specific formal specification languages [5, 7, 15, 32, 36, 37], manual methods for deriving tests from specifications [1, 12, 16] case studies on using specifications to check the output of the software on specifications [13, 23, 24, 35, 20, 25, 28] and formalizations of test specifications [35, 4, 10] This paper uses the term specification based testing ....

....is the pre state, and the post state is the state after the transition. Blackburn [6] used state based functional specifications of the software, expressed in the language T Vec, to derive disjunctive normal form constraints, which are solved to generate tests. Weyuker, Goradia, and Singh [37] present a method to generate tests from boolean logic specifications of software. This work is also related to work in the area of protocol conformance testing. For example, Luo et al. 27] have presented a method for generating test sequences from finite state machines for testing communication ....

E. Weyuker, T. Goradia, and A. Singh. Automatically generating test data from a boolean specification. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 20(5):353--363, May 1994.

....of mutation operators to specifications given in predicate calculus form. The method relies on having a working implementation, as the program under test must be executed in order to generate test output. Woodward [24] investigated mutation operators for algebraic specifications. Weyuker et. al [23] proposed strategies for generating test data from the specifications represented by Boolean formulas and assessed their effectiveness using mutation analysis. Fabbri et. al [12] devised a mutation model for finite state machines and used the mutation analysis criterion to evaluate the adequacy ....

E. Weyuker, T. Goradia, and A. Singh. Automatically generating test data from a boolean specification. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 20(5):353--363, May 1994.

.... [Lam98b, Lam2K] to generate higher level specifications such as invariants or conditions for liveness [Lam79, Ben96, Par98, Jef98] to drive refinements of the specification and generate proof obligations [Car90, Abr96, Dar96] to generate test cases and oracles from the specification [Ber91, Ric92, Roo94, Wey94, Man95]; to support formal reuse of components through specification matching [Kat87, Reu91, Mas97, Zar97] Formal specifications can also be generated from program code as a basis for reverse engineering and software evolution [Gan96, Ern99] Specify. for whom One of the problems with formal ....

E. Weyuker, T. Goradia, A. Singh, "Automatically generating test data from a Boolean specification", IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, Vol.20, No.5, May 1994, pp.353-363.

....exist (e.g. large ranges of numerical values) is to use a statistical method to select test sequences. Another alternative is to select test sequences systematically by further case splitting. To determine which particular test sequences to select, a method like that of Weyuker and her colleagues [24] may be useful. Finally, we plan to use the suite of test sequences that our tool generates from a given SCR requirements speci cation to test a real software implementation. Acknowledgments We are grateful to M. Archer, R. Je ords, D. Mandrioli, and the anonymous referees for their constructive ....

E. Weyuker, T. Goradia, and A. Singh. Automatically generating test data from a boolean specication. IEEE Trans. on Softw. Eng., 20:353-363, May 1994.

....inputs. Use of probabilistic productions in our scheme generate much more complex test cases, and provide a point of control for steering the testing effort. Within the software engineering community, there are various efforts aimed at automatic test generation from formal specifications. Weyuker et al. 94] describes a set of algorithms for generating tests from boolean specifications. Mandrioli et al. 95] outline the TRIO system, which facilitates the semi automatic creation of test cases from temporal logic specifications. Chang et al. 95] describes a flexible, heuristic driven, programmable ....

Weyuker, E., Goradia, T., and Singh, A. "Automatically Generating Test Data From a Boolean Specification." In IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, Vol. 20, no. 5 (May 1994), 353363.

....DNF Coverage means that the disjunction of the stimulus and conditions portions of the test frames form a disjunctive normal form of the stimulus and conditions portion of the associated test class. Several test generation techniques have been based on a DNF approach (Dick and Faivre 1993, Weyuker et al. 1994). In contrast, Term Coverage means only that each stimulus and condition in the test class is listed in at least one test frame. Term Coverage is similar to condition decision coverage (Chilenski 1994) Depending on the complexity of the specification, DNF and Term Coverage produce dramatically ....

Weyuker, E., Goradia, T., and Singh, A., "Automatically generating test data from a Boolean specification. " IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 20(5):353-363, May 1994.

....would tend to occur at the boundary values. Also since the program behavior for the different points within such a subdomain is likely to be strongly correlated, testing for just a single internal point in the subdomain may be adequate in many cases. Testing for boolean conditions is discussed in [13, 14]. Automated test generation has been considered by some researchers [14, 15] The problem of reducing the number of tests by limiting the total number of combinations to be considered by using orthogonal arrays is given in [16, 17] This approach, although not considered here, can be used in ....

....for the different points within such a subdomain is likely to be strongly correlated, testing for just a single internal point in the subdomain may be adequate in many cases. Testing for boolean conditions is discussed in [13, 14] Automated test generation has been considered by some researchers [14, 15]. The problem of reducing the number of tests by limiting the total number of combinations to be considered by using orthogonal arrays is given in [16, 17] This approach, although not considered here, can be used in conjunction with the scheme proposed here. One major difference between the two ....

E. Weyuker, T. Goradia and A. Singh, "Automatically generating test data from a boolean specification," IEEE Trans. Soft. Eng., May 1994, pp. 353-363.

....first row of the combination table) for instance, describes the test in which a vehicle is in front of the controlled vehicle, the distance between the two vehicles is critical, and the control switch is in position Set . 2.2. The DNF Approach The disjunctive normal form approach is widely used [5, 4, 19, 11, 13] for generating test cases on the basis of formal specifications. A disjunctive normal form of a predicate is a disjunction of the conjunctions of the different components of the predicate. In the following, the disjunctive normal form approach will be illustrated when it is applied to Z ....

E. Weyuker, T. Goradia, and A. Singh. Automatically generating test data from a boolean specification. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 20(5):353--363, May 1994.

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Weyuker, E., Goradia, T., Singh, A. Automatically generating test data from a Boolean specification. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, Vol. 20, No. 5, May 1994, pp. 353--363.

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E. Weyuker, T. Gorodia, and A. Singh. Automatically generating test data from a boolean specification. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 20(5):353--363, May 1994.

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E. Weyuker, T. Gorodia, and A. Singh. Automatically generating test data from a boolean specification. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 20(5):353--363, May 1994.

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E. Weyuker, T. Goradia, and A. Singh. Automatically generating test data from a boolean specification. IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng., 20(5), May 1994.

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Weyuker, E., Goradia, T., Singh, A. Automatically generating test data from a Boolean specification. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, Vol. 20, No. 5, May 1994, pp. 353--363.

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E. Weyuker, T. Goradia, A. Singh, Automatically generating test data from a boolean specification, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 20 (5) (1994) 353--363.

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E. Weyuker, T. Goradia and A. Singh. Automatically Generating Test Data from a Boolean Specification. IEEE Transaction on Software Engineering, Vol 20, No 5 May 1994.

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E. Weyuker, T. Goradia and A. Singh, Automatically Generating Test Data from a Boolean Specification, IEEE Transaction on Software Engineering, Vol 20, No 5 May 1994.

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-569. #14# E. Weyuker, T. Goradia and A. Singh, "Automatically generating test data from a boolean speci- #cation," IEEE Trans. Soft. Eng., May 1994, pp.

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E. Weyuker, T. Goradia, and A. Singh, \Automatically generating test data from a boolean specication", IEEE Tran. on Software Eng., 20(5), 1994, pp. 353-363.

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